The First Book on CRS Microscopy Compared to conventional Raman microscopy, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) allows label-free imaging of living cells and tissues at video rate by enhancing the weak Raman signal through nonlinear excitation. Edited by pioneers in the field and with contributions from a distinguished team of experts, Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy explains how CRS can be used to obtain a point-by-point chemical map of live cells and tissues. In color throughout, the book starts by establishing the foundation of CRS microscopy. It discusses the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy, particularly coherent Raman spectroscopy, and presents the theories of contrast mechanisms pertinent to CRS microscopy. The text then provides important technical aspects of CRS microscopy, including microscope construction, detection schemes, and data analyses. It concludes with a survey of applications that demonstrate how CRS microscopy has become a valuable tool in biomedicine. Due to its label-free, noninvasive examinations of living cells and organisms, CRS microscopy has opened up exciting prospects in biology and medicine-from the mapping of 3D distributions of small drug molecules to identifying tumors in tissues. An in-depth exploration of the theories, technology, and applications, this book shows how CRS microscopy has impacted human health and will deepen our understanding of life processes in the future.

Foam fractionation is a separation process in which proteins and other amphipathic species adsorb to the surface of bubbles. The bubbles are then removed from the solution in the form of foam at the top of a column. Due to its cost-effectiveness, foam fractionation has the potential for rapid commercial growth, especially in biotechnology. To assist in the widespread adoption of this highly affordable yet powerful process, Foam Fractionation: Principles and Process Design: Provides a systematic explanation of the underlying physics of foam fractionation Discusses the fundamentals of molecular adsorption to gas liquid interfaces and the dynamics of foam Describes foam fractionation process intensification strategies Supplies design guidance for plant-scale installations Contains the latest knowledge of foam fractionation transport processes Presents a case study of the world's largest commercial foam fractionation plant producing the food preservative Nisin Foam Fractionation: Principles and Process Design capitalizes on the authors' extensive practical experience of foam fractionation and allied processes to give process engineers, industrial designers, chemical engineers, academics, and graduate students alike a greater understanding of the mechanistic basis and real-world applications of foam fractionation.

Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) has been introduced as a modern alternative to current sample preparation technology, and has a wide range of applications. Focusing on quantitative aspects of analysis, Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction aims to describe these applications.

In industry, practical uses of SPME can be found in environmental, food, pharmaceutical, clinical and forensic applications, all of which are described in this book. Important scientific applications such as reaction monitoring, characterization of coatings and distributions of analytes in natural multiphase systems are also discussed. Throughout there are descriptions of new technologies, including new coatings and interfaces for analytical instrumentation (SPME/LC and SPME/CE), automation and calibration processes.

Written by internationally recognised experts, edited by the scientist involved in the research since its infancy, and encompassing a wide range of applications, this book will be ideal for anyone wishing to explore the feasibility of using SPME technology.

In the rapidly developing field of analysis it is important to be aware of the newest methods within available techniques. Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis in Food Analysis describes chromatographic and electrophoretic principles and procedures for analyses of various amphiphilic and hydrophilic biomolecules, particularly for food analysis. Providing basic information, including general sample preparation, the book then goes on to describe individual analytical methods and exemplify the strategy and methodologies employed for the analyses. The theory necessary to understand the methods and interpretation of results is also included, as are numerous detailed instructions on experiments. Tables, figures and references are included to give a complete picture. Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis in Food Analysis will be especially valuable for students and more experienced researchers interested in analysis of natural products, both inside and outside the field of food chemistry.

The fourth edition of this work emphasizes the general practices and instrumentation involving TLC and HPTLC, as well as their applications based on compound types, while providing an understanding of the underlying theory necessary for optimizing these techniques. The book details up-to-date qualitative and quantitative densitometric experiments on organic dyes, lipids, antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, organic acids, insecticides, and more.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

This author's second volume introduces basic principles of interpreting infrared spectral data, teaching its readers to make sense of the data coming from an infrared spectrometer. Contents include spectra and diagnostic bands for the more common functional groups as well as chapters on polyester spectra and interpretation aids.
Discussions include:
o science of infrared interpretation
o light and molecular vibrations
o how and why molecules absorb infrared radiation
o peak heights, intensities, and widths
o hydrocarbons, carbonyl groups, and molecules with C-N bonds
o polymers and inorganic molecules
o the use of atlases, library searching, spectral subtraction, and the Internet in augmenting interpretation
Each chapter presents an introduction to the nomenclature and structure of a specific functional group and proceeds with the important diagnostic bands for each group.
Infrared Spectral Interpretation serves both novices and experienced practitioners in this field.

Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: * provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; * presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; * describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; * presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; * presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; * discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; * presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; * provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; * provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.

Shows how to choose the most effective techniques for assessing the toxicity of chemicals in both food and the environment. examines a wide range of volatile compounds from toxic aldehydes and pesticides to micotoxins and dioxins.

Arguably the first book of its kind, Computational Bioengineering explores the power of multidisciplinary computer modeling in bioengineering. Written by experts, the book examines the interplay of multiple governing principles underlying common biomedical devices and problems, bolstered by case studies. It shows you how to take advantage of the latest computational capabilities to deal with biomedical problems using an integrative approach. This approach fosters an integrative problem-solving mentality for the generation of new and novel solutions to future biomedical problems. Each chapter begins with a brief review of the advances in computational efforts in the selected topic area and ends with case studies with detailed technical information. The approach provides a relevant overview of the selected topic area and demonstrates, with case studies, the power of computational modeling in offering predictive capabilities to assess new surgical concepts and medical devices and post-operative surgical outcomes. The book illustrates the expanded capabilities of computational bioengineering through discussions of bioengineering problems and discusses an image-based bioengineering modeling technique. Although computer modeling has been used to tackle bioengineering problems for decades, a systematic study of computational bioengineering not only addresses many critical challenges facing bioengineering but also sets a new direction for advancing the field. In a long run, this book is expected to foster an integrative problem-solving mentality that will help you generate new and novel solutions to future biomedical problems.

As a spectroscopic method, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has seen spectacular growth over the past two decades, both as a technique and in its applications. Today the applications of NMR span a wide range of scientific disciplines, from physics to biology to medicine. Each volume of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance comprises a combination of annual and biennial reports which together provide comprehensive of the literature on this topic. This Specialist Periodical Report reflects the growing volume of published work involving NMR techniques and applications, in particular NMR of natural macromolecules which is covered in two reports: "NMR of Proteins and Acids" and "NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes." For those wanting to become rapidly acquainted with specific areas of NMR, this title provides unrivalled scope of coverage. Seasoned practitioners of NMR will find this an in valuable source of current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.

Second Edition provides up-to-the-minute discussions on the application of mass spectrometry to the biological sciences. Shows how and why experiments are performed and furnishes details to facilitate duplication of results.

"Volume 38 covers band dispersion in chromatography; structural stochastic concepts, applications to peak shape analysis, and the characteristic function method in the stochastic theory of chromatography; the capabilities and applications of solvating gas chromatography; and more."

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used across many fields of science because of the rich data it produces, and some of the most valuable data come from studies of nuclear spin relaxation in solution. The first edition of this book, published more than a decade ago, provided an accessible and cohesive treatment of the field. The present second edition is a significant update, covering important new developments in recent years. Collecting relaxation theory, experimental techniques, and illustrative applications into a single volume, this book clarifies the nature of the phenomenon, shows how to study it and explains why such studies are worthwhile. Coverage ranges from basic to rigorous theory and from simple to sophisticated experimental methods. Topics include cross-relaxation, multispin phenomena, relaxation studies of molecular dynamics and structure and special topics such as relaxation in systems with quadrupolar nuclei, in paramagnetic systems and in long-living spin states. Avoiding overly demanding mathematics, the authors explain spin relaxation in a manner that anyone with a familiarity with NMR can follow. The focus is on illustrating and explaining the physical nature of relaxation phenomena. Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids: Theory, Experiments and Applications, 2nd edition, provides useful supplementary reading for graduate students and is a valuable reference for NMR spectroscopists, whether in chemistry, physics or biochemistry.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Second Edition focuses on two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high resolution NMR of solids, water suppression, multiple quantum spectroscopy, and NMR imaging. The selection first takes a look at the fundamental principles and experimental methods. Discussions focus on the NMR phenomenon, dipolar broadening and spin-spin relaxation, nuclear electric quadrupole relaxation, saturation, magnetic shielding and chemical shift, magnetic field, transitions between the nuclear energy levels, and resolution and sensitivity considerations. The manuscript then ponders on chemical shift, coupling of nuclear spins, and nuclear relaxation and chemical rate processes. Topics include spin lattice relaxation, spin-spin relaxation, spin decoupling and associated techniques, and description and analysis of spin systems. The text examines two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, macromolecules, and NMR of solids, including magic angle spinning, cross polarization, proton dipolar broadening, biopolymers, and chain motion in macromolecules. The selection is a valuable source of data for readers interested in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Ionization Methods in Organic Mass Spectrometry is a basic practical guide for scientists of all disciplines who wish to analyse samples by organic mass spectrometry. Concentrating on instrumental operation, this book gives step-by-step instructions on how to set up, and how to achieve the best results, using a range of ionization methods, including atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, electrospray ionization and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization. Ionization Methods in Organic Mass Spectrometry will enable a beginner, or practitioner with limited experience, to choose the most appropriate ionization technique in application areas such as biomolecules, drugs and metabolites, pesticides, polymers and many other organic compounds. It will be a valuable practical guide for technicians, graduates, students or researchers - or indeed anyone new to practical organic mass spectrometry.

For more than five decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. For Volume 55, established, well-known chemists offer cutting-edge reviews of chromatographic methods to pay tribute to the late Eli Grushka, beloved series editor, who inspired and mentored many in the field of separation science. The clear presentation of topics and vivid illustrations for which this series has become known makes the material accessible and engaging to analytical, biochemical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemists at all levels of technical skill.

Characterizing bulk organic matter in seawater and bay water by various analytical techniques and linking these measurements with fouling in membrane systems. Furthermore, it aimed for the development of the Modified Fouling Index - ultrafiltration (MFI-UF) at constant flux filtration as an accurate test to measure the particulate fouling potential of a feed water and predict the rate of fouling in reverse osmosis systems. A new semi-portable set-up has been successfully developed to perform MFI-UF tests at constant flux filtration. A significant effect of the filtration flux on the fouling potential was found. Consequences of this effect for reverse osmosis systems are that the fouling potential at low flux drops dramatically; for ultrafiltration systems it implicates that the rate of fouling increases at high fluxes. The observed effect of flux on the fouling potential has significant implications for fouling potential measurements. Deposition factors in RO systems varied between 0 and 1, depending on location and MFI pore size, which indicates differences in properties of the particles present. Fouling potential results in RO fouling rates of 0.2-1 bar/month depending on the pore size of the membranes used for MFI measurements. The fouling potential of the analysed raw waters is substantially reduced by conventional pre-treatment systems and ultrafiltration: for conventional pre-treatment 37 % - 74 % and ultrafiltration 60 % - 95 %, depending on the location and the MFI pore size.

Covering the principles of chromatographic separation, the chromatographic process from a physical chemical perspective, instrumentation for performing analyses, and operational procedures, this second edition offers information needed for the successful practice of gas chromatography. It contains examples of available apparatus, detectors, columns, stationary phases and operating conditions.

Industrial Analysis with Vibrational Spectroscopy is an integrated work which emphasises the synergy and complementary nature of the techniques of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in industrial laboratories. The book is written in a pragmatic and straight-forward manner and is illustrated throughout with examples of real-world, everyday problems and applications. It provides a developed, realistic insight into industrial analysis with vibrational spectroscopy for both undergraduate and academic researcher, while additionally providing a straight-forward working tool of value to the industrial laboratory worker.

This book provides an overview of the state of the art in pharmaceutical applications of UV-VIS spectroscopy. This book presents the fundamentals for the beginner and, for the expert, discusses both qualitative and quantitative analysis problems. Several chapters focus on the determination of drugs in various matrices, the coupling of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, and the problems associated with the use of chemical reactions prior to spectrophotometric measurements. The final chapter provides a survey of the spectrophotometric determination of the main families of drugs, emphasizing the achievements of the last decade.

For more than four decades, scientists and researchers have relied upon the Advances in Chromatography Series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. Covering the state of the art in separation science, this volume continues to present timely, cutting-edge reviews on chromatography in the fields of bio-, analytical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemistry. Compiled by leading researchers from around the world, new chapters cover topics related to countercurrent chromatography and large-scale genotyping as well as cyclic voltammetry detection, a powerful tool for determining the electrochemical characteristics of organic compounds.

In this authoritative review, leading international researchers explore the growing range of applications of stable isotope techniques for probing and integrating biological processes and palaeoclimatic cycles. The interdisciplinary approach covers a wide range of issues, opportunities and developments, setting interactions with plants in the context of water and nutrient cycles, exchanges with the atmosphere and modelling past and present climate change.
This important book will appeal to those requiring an overview of the use of stable isotopes in aquatic, terrestrial and climatic processes and is in tune with current global concerns. In addition postgraduates and research scientists will find an extensive guide to more specialist disciplines, including developing mass spectrometer technologies, compound-specific and cellular-discrimination processes or whole organism and ecosystem responses.