Offers coverage of internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) and its applications to polymer, semiconductor, biological, electrochemical and membrane research. This work describes the theory and procedures and identifies the spectral regions, from materials characterization to process monitoring.

This book provides a detailed description of technical elements of a microbore column liquid chromatograph suitable for use in trace analysis. It presents examples of analyses, especially from the spheres of biochemistry, pharmacology, and environmental analytical chemistry.

Photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy is an emerging approach to characterize the electronic structure of catalysts and enzymes, and it is either installed or planned for intense synchrotron beam lines and X-ray free electron lasers. This type of spectroscopy requires high-energy resolution spectroscopy not only for the incoming X-ray beam but also, in most applications, for the detection of the outgoing photons. Thus, the use of high-resolution X-ray crystal spectrometers whose resolving power E/E is typically about 10-4, is mandatory. High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts covers the latest developments in X-ray light sources, detectors, crystal spectrometers, and photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy techniques. It also addresses photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy applications for the study of catalytic systems, highlighting hard X-ray measurements primarily due to probe high penetration, enabling in situ studies. This first-of-its-kind book: Discusses high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in terms of time-resolved and surface enhancement Supplies an understanding of catalytic reactivity essential for capitalizing on core level X-ray spectroscopy at fourth-generation light sources (XFELs) Describes all spectrometers developed to perform core level X-ray spectroscopy, considering the advantages and disadvantages of each Details methods to elucidate aspects of catalysts under working conditions, such as active sites and molecule adsorption Introduces theoretical calculations of spectra and explores biological as well as heterogeneous catalysts Complete with guidelines and warnings for the use of this type of spectroscopy, High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of this exciting field.

Considers three fundamental aspects of molecular interactions important in chromatography, taking care not to duplicate information readily available in other references. Surveys the basic factors involved in complex formation, which governs the retention mechanism and selectivity in either donor or

Characterizing bulk organic matter in seawater and bay water by various analytical techniques and linking these measurements with fouling in membrane systems. Furthermore, it aimed for the development of the Modified Fouling Index - ultrafiltration (MFI-UF) at constant flux filtration as an accurate test to measure the particulate fouling potential of a feed water and predict the rate of fouling in reverse osmosis systems. A new semi-portable set-up has been successfully developed to perform MFI-UF tests at constant flux filtration. A significant effect of the filtration flux on the fouling potential was found. Consequences of this effect for reverse osmosis systems are that the fouling potential at low flux drops dramatically; for ultrafiltration systems it implicates that the rate of fouling increases at high fluxes. The observed effect of flux on the fouling potential has significant implications for fouling potential measurements. Deposition factors in RO systems varied between 0 and 1, depending on location and MFI pore size, which indicates differences in properties of the particles present. Fouling potential results in RO fouling rates of 0.2-1 bar/month depending on the pore size of the membranes used for MFI measurements. The fouling potential of the analysed raw waters is substantially reduced by conventional pre-treatment systems and ultrafiltration: for conventional pre-treatment 37 % - 74 % and ultrafiltration 60 % - 95 %, depending on the location and the MFI pore size.

Sales Arguments
1. New applications of a very important method are described. 2. Practical aspects are stressed.
3. Inclusion of chapters on photochemical reaction detection makes the book unique and current.
4. Books on chemiluminescence published are orientated toward applications involving enzymatic analysis and immunoassay only.
5. This bookss main target group are applied chromatographers.

Nanocomposite Membrane Technology: Fundamentals and Applications is the first book to deliver an extensive exploration of nanocomposite membrane technology. This groundbreaking text offers an eloquent introduction to the field as well as a comprehensive overview of fundamental aspects and application areas. Approaching the subject from the materials point of view, this book: Discusses the history, synthesis, and characterization of nanocomposite membranes Examines water treatment, gas separation, and biomedical applications Addresses health, environmental, safety, and societal implications Considers processing challenges, including scalability issues Provides case studies of real-world implementations Nanocomposite Membrane Technology: Fundamentals and Applications covers each topic with enough clarity and detail to be a valuable source of information for beginners and experts alike. Thus, this book is the guide of choice for scientists and engineers in both industry and academia.

With usage of mass spectrometry continually expanding, an increasing number of scientists, technicians, students, and physicians are coming into contact with this valuable technique. Mass spectrometry has many uses, both qualitative and quantitative, from analyzing simple gases to environmental contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and complex biopolymers. The extraordinary versatility can make mass spectrometers daunting to novices. Consequently, new users would benefit greatly from an understanding of the basic concepts as well as the processes that occur in these instruments. Mass Spectrometry for the Novice provides exactly that, with detailed, straightforward descriptions and clear illustrations of principles of operations and techniques. The book begins with an overview that includes essential definitions and then provides information on the components of and the strategies used in the most common instruments. The authors discuss the methodologies available, classes of compounds analyzed, and the types of data that can be generated. A group of representative applications from published articles is summarized, demonstrating the diversity of mass spectrometry. The authors also condense the essentials of the topic into one invaluable chapter that provides a set of concise take-home messages on all aspects of mass spectrometry. The final section provides a collection of resources including books, reviews, and useful websites. Using simple language, new color figures, clever cartoons, and assuming no prior knowledge, this book provides a readily understandable entree to mass spectrometry. Downloadable resources with selected figures and cartoons is included.

Berezkin (petrochemical synthesis, USSR Academy of Sciences) explains to chromatographers that gas-liquid chromatography, an exciting development of gas chromatography, is itself just a limited case of gas-liquid-solid chromatography, and shows how this perspective can help solve problems more quick

This book provides a comprehensive review of the application of 17O NMR spectroscopy to organic chemistry. Topics include the theoretical aspects of chemical shift, quadrupolar and J coupling; 17O enrichment; the effect of steric interactions on 17O chemical shifts of functional groups in flexible and rigid systems; the application of 17O NMR spectroscopy to hydrogen bonding investigations; mechanistic problems in organic and bioorganic chemistry; and 17O NMR spectroscopy of oxygen monocoordinated to carbon in alcohols, ethers, and derivatives. Recent results that show correlations between molecular geometry, determined by X-ray studies and estimated by molecular mechanics calculations, and 17O chemical shifts are also covered. 17O Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry provides important reference information for organic chemists and other scientists interested in 17O NMR spectroscopy as a tool for obtaining new structural and chemical data about organic molecules.

This guide to two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy helps the novice who want e the technique, but needs a path through the bewildering array of metho acronyms and the mathematical rigor found in most books.
The authors provide a clear explanation of experiment performance, param lection, data processing and presentation as well as a description of wh rmation is provided by each experiment and how it is extracted and inter They group presentations of two-dimensional NMR experiments according t zation, e.g. COSY, LRCOSY, ZQCOSY, DQCOSY ... for establishing proton-pr nnectivities.
The book also presents spectra of the same model compound using various ues to enable the reader to make direct comparisons and facilitate his e nt selection. Examples of the concerted utilization of various two-dimen NMR experiments to solve complex structural problems are also given.

Beginning with classification, nomenclature, and structures, this reference discussesphysicochemical properties of alkaloids relevant to the chromatographic process.Chromatographic Analysis of Alkaloids explores the main experimental factors affectingthe separation and detection of alkaloids in gas (GC), liquid (LC), and thinlayer(1LC) chromatography ... illustrates separation conditions described in recentliterature ... provides, for a given compound, the GC, LC, and 1LC techniquesavailable within the same paragraph ... surveys, in tabular form, the methods forsample preparation for chromatographic analysis ... contains over 1,200 up-to-datereferences covering the majority of papers on the chromatography of alkaloids... and more.Serving as a rich resource of practical information, Chromatographic Analysis ofAlkaloids is essential reading for analytical, organic, natural products, and forensicchemists and biochemists, pharmacologists, and graduate-level students in thesedisciplines.

This book summarizes all the important aspects of multidimensional separations, providing information on gas, liquid and thin-layer chromatography, as well as the techniques and applications of supercritical fluid chromatography in the multidimensional mode.

This book covers the principles, kinetics, and applications of derivatization reactions in liquid chromatography. It emphasizes detection-oriented derivatization procedures that can be used to enhance to detectability of a wide variety of solutes using absorbance and fluorescence detection.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques in chemical research for investigating structures and dynamics of molecules. Advanced methods can even be utilized for structure determinations of biopolymers, for example proteins or nucleic acids. NMR is also used in medicine for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The method is based on spectral lines of different atomic nuclei that are excited when a strong magnetic field and a radiofrequency transmitter are applied. The method is very sensitive to the features of molecular structure because also the neighboring atoms influence the signals from individual nuclei and this is
important for determining the 3D-structure of molecules.
This new edition of the popular classic has a clear style and a highly practical, mostly non-mathematical approach. Many examples are taken from organic and organometallic chemistry, making this book an invaluable guide to undergraduate and graduate students of organic chemistry, biochemistry, spectroscopy or physical chemistry, and to researchers using this well-established and extremely important technique. Problems and solutions are included.

Laser spectroscopy has been perfected over the last fifteen years to become a precise tool for the investigation of highly vibrationally excited molecules. Intense infrared laser radiation permits both the multiple-photon resonant excitation and the dissociation of polyatomic molecules. In this book, the latest results of some of the foremost Soviet researchers are published for the first time in the West.
Laser Spectroscopy of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules contains a comprehensive study of both the experimental and theoretical aspects of the basic photophysical interactions that occur in these processes. The book first focuses on the nonlinear interaction between the resonant vibrational mode and the intense infrared field and then examines the nonlinear interaction between the vibrational modes themselves due to anharmonicity. These interrelated processes determine all the characteristics of polyatomic molecules in an infrared field. The book also discusses related phenomena such as spectra broadening, optical resonance, photon echoes, and dynamical chaos. It includes examples of multiple-photon resonant excitation such as the excitation of OsO4 by CO DEGREESO2 laser radiation, which is detected by the visible luminescence that results.
This book will be of great interest to researchers and postgraduate students in infrared laser spectroscopy and the laser chemistry of molecules and applications of isotope separation.

This book is intended to serve as an up-to-date reference source for those familiar with chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods and as an introduction to techniques and applications for those interested in future uses for chromatography/FT-IR.

Over recent years electronic spectroscopy has developed significantly, with key applications in atmospheric chemistry, astrophysics and astrochemistry. High Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of Small Molecules explores both theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding the electronic spectra of small molecules, and explains how this information translates to practice. Professors Geoffrey Duxbury and Alexander Alijah present the links between spectroscopy and photochemistry, and discuss theoretical treatments of the interaction between different electronic states. They provide a thorough discussion of experimental techniques, and explore practical applications. This book will be an indispensable reference for graduate students and researchers in physics and chemistry working on theoretical and practical aspects of electronic spectra, as well as atmospheric scientists, photochemists, kineticists and professional spectroscopists.

This book provides the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. It presents timely, cutting-edge reviews in the fields of bio-, analytical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Conjugated polymeric materials and their nanocomposites are widely used for the creation of alternative sources of renewable energy, cell phone screens, mobile gadgets, video players and OLED-TV, as well as organic diodes, transistors, sensors, etc. with field-dependent and spin-assisted electronic properties. Multifrequency EPR Spectroscopy methods can help researchers optimize their structural, magnetic and electronic properties for the creation of more efficient molecular devices. This book will acquaint the reader with the basic properties of conjugated polymers, the fundamentals of EPR Spectroscopy, and the information that can be obtained at different wavebands of EPR spectroscopy.

This book discusses flow perturbation method, namely, the stopped-flow technique and the reversed-flow technique. It is directed to those who need an accurate method for the determination of a certain physicochemical quantity and to researchers working on the development of gas chromatography.

This book describes the various aspects of microbore column chromatography. It provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the supercritical fluid chromatography and microbore high-performance liquid chromatography.

Discusses a model for the propagation of a finite concentration zone in a chromatographic column for the case of a single component sample, and explores operating conditions of ion-exchange chromatography for the production of albumin from bovine serum and plasma. Focus is on theoretical, instrument

This book describes the separation mechanism of proteins in ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) by stressing the unique characteristics of IEC of proteins. It helps reader to acquire or improve the technique of IEC of proteins without calling for a deep understanding of the mathematics.

This detailed handbook covers different chromatographic analysis techniques and chromatographic data for compounds found in air, water, and soil, and sludge. The new edition outlines developments relevant to environmental analysis, especially when using chromatographic mass spectrometric techniques. It addresses new issues, new lines of discussion, and new findings, and develops in greater detail the aspects related to chromatographic analysis in the environment. It also includes different analytical methodologies, addresses instrumental aspects, and outlines conclusions and perspectives for the future.