Reflecting the myriad changes and advancements in the technologies involved in FTIR, particularly the development of diamond ATRs, this second edition of Fundamentals of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy has been extensively rewritten and expanded to include new topics and figures as well as updates of existing chapters. Designed for those new to FTIR, but with enough reference material to appeal to journeyman and expert spectroscopists, this book does not demand any extensive familiarity with chemistry or physics. Specializing in concise and comprehensible explanations of FTIR topics, the author introduces the field of infrared spectroscopy, including the strengths and weaknesses of FTIR as a chemical analysis technique. He then describes the instrument itself and explores topics such as how an interferometer generates a spectrum, optimization of spectral quality, and which tests are used to monitor instrument health. The book discusses how to properly use spectral processing to increase the information of a spectrum without damaging the data and takes considerable care in instructing on sample preparation, as good sample preparation constitutes half the battle in extracting good data. The final chapters examine single analyte quantitative analysis and conclude with an overview of infrared microscopy. Drawing on the experience and knowledge of the author as both a professor and practitioner, Fundamentals of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy offers up-to-date information given in clear, easily understood language to appeal to beginner and expert spectroscopists alike. The author maintains a website and blog with supplemental material. His training course schedule is also available online.

Industrial Analysis with Vibrational Spectroscopy is an integrated work which emphasises the synergy and complementary nature of the techniques of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in industrial laboratories. The book is written in a pragmatic and straight-forward manner and is illustrated throughout with examples of real-world, everyday problems and applications. It provides a developed, realistic insight into industrial analysis with vibrational spectroscopy for both undergraduate and academic researcher, while additionally providing a straight-forward working tool of value to the industrial laboratory worker.

Jump into the HPLC adventure

Three decades on from publication of the 1st German edition of Veronika Meyer's book on HPLC, this classic text remains one of the few titles available on general HPLC aimed at practitioners.

New sections on the following topics have been included in this fifth edition: Comparison of HPLC with capillary electrophoresisHow to obtain peak capacityvan Deemter curves and other coherencesHydrophilic interaction chromatographyMethod transferComprehensive two-dimensional HPLCFast separations at 1000 barHPLC with superheated water

In addition, two chapters on the instrument test and troubleshooting in the appendix have been updated and expanded by Bruno E. Lendi, and many details have been improved and numerous references added.

A completely new chapter is presented on quality assurance covering: Is it worth the effort?Verification with a second methodMethod validationStandard operating proceduresMeasurement uncertaintyQualifications, instrument test, and system suitability testThe quest for quality

Reviews of earlier editions

"That this text is written by an expert in both the practice and teaching of HPLC is evident from the first paragraph....not only an enjoyable, fascinating and easy read, but a truly excellent text that has and will serve many teachers, students and practitioners very well." --"The Analyst"

..".provides essential information on HPLC for LC practitioners in academia, industry, government, and research laboratories...a valuable introduction." - "American Journal of Therapeutics"

This book presents research into chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) defense and environmental security, exploring practical implications of the research. Contributions from a diverse group of international civilian researchers present the latest work on nanotechnology problems in this area, looking at detection, protective technologies, decontamination and threats to environmental security due to bacteriophages and nanomaterials. Highlights include the potential of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to characterize the nanoscale properties of microbial pathogens, the development of bacteriophage-based therapeutics, prophylactic and diagnostic preparations and their uses in different fields, such as medicine, veterinary, agriculture, food and water safety, amongst others. Readers may also consider an inexpensive bioassay suited for assessing chemical poisoning in the environment such as the presence of pesticides, sensors to detect ultra-trace quantities of the explosive Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using nanotubes and electrochemical sensors to simultaneously detect and reduce the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) to 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) in solution. This book shows how cooperative research among NATO countries and NATO partners can make a critical contribution to meeting the opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology problems relevant to chemical and biological defense needs. The papers presented here are representative of contributions made to the Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on September 22-26, 2014 in Antalya, Turkey, to address the NATO SPS Key Priority of Defense against CBRN Agents and Environmental Security.

Helping you better understand the processes, instruments, and methods of aerosol spectroscopy, Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy provides an overview of the state of the art in this rapidly developing field. It covers fundamental aspects of aerosol spectroscopy, applications to atmospherically and astronomically relevant problems, and several aspects that need further research and development. Chapters in the book are arranged in order of decreasing wavelength of the light/electrons. The text starts with infrared spectroscopy, one of the most important aerosol characterization methods for laboratory studies, field measurements, remote sensing, and space missions. It then focuses on Raman spectroscopy for investigating aerosol processes in controlled laboratory studies and for analyzing environmental particles and atmospheric pollution. The next section discusses the use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure light extinction, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy to identify and classify biological aerosol particles, and ultrafast laser techniques to improve the specificity of bioaerosol detection. The final section examines recent developments involving novel techniques based on UV, x-ray, and electron beam studies. This book offers the first comprehensive overview of the spectroscopy of aerosols. It includes some results for the first time in the literature and presents a unique link between fundamental aspects and applications.

This concise and carefully developed text offers a reader friendly guide to the basics of time-resolved spectroscopy with an emphasis on experimental implementation. The authors carefully explain and relate for the reader how measurements are connected to the core physical principles. They use the time-dependent wave packet as a building block for understanding quantum dynamics, progressively advancing to more complex topics. The topics are discussed in paired sections, one discussing the theory and the next presenting the related experimental methods. A wide range of readers including students and newcomers to the field will gain a clear and practical understanding of how to measure aspects of molecular dynamics such as wave packet motion, intramolecular vibrational relaxation, and electron-electron coupling, and how to describe such measurements mathematically.

The significance of the development of solid-state lighting was underscored by the award of a Nobel Prize in 2014. It is important to build upon this work and to produce practical and versatile sources of quantum light, because these are essential components for the advancement of quantum photonic devices. These devices, in turn, promise new technologies that have the potential to revolutionize society. This book explores various ways of coupling quantum light into, and out of, solid-state emitters. The research presented here has led to important discoveries that will help overcome major challenges in this field.

Matrix isolation is a technique used for studying short-lived atoms and molecules at very low temperatures. This book offers detailed practical advice on how to carry out matrix-isolation experiments, and is a unique introduction to the subject. It is an essential practical text that covers a range of topics, from how to build a matrix-isolation laboratory from scratch, to detailed instructions for carrying out experiments.

Computational Quantum Chemistry, Second Edition, is an extremely useful tool for teaching and research alike. It stipulates information in an accessible manner for scientific investigators, researchers and entrepreneurs. The book supplies an overview of the field and explains the fundamental underlying principles. It also gives the knowledge of numerous comparisons of different methods. The book consists of a wider range of applications in each chapter. It also provides a number of references which will be useful for academic and industrial researchers. It includes a large number of worked-out examples and unsolved problems for enhancing the computational skill of the users. Features Includes comprehensive coverage of most essential basic concepts Achieves greater clarity with improved planning of topics and is reader-friendly Deals with the mathematical techniques which will help readers to more efficient problem solving Explains a structured approach for mathematical derivations A reference book for academicians and scientific investigators Ram Yatan Prasad, PhD, DSc (India), DSc (hc) Colombo, is a Professor of Chemistry and former Vice Chancellor of S.K.M University, Jharkhand, India. Pranita, PhD, DSc (hc) Sri Lanka, FICS, is an Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Vinoba Bhave University, India.

Accurate prediction of hydrological variables is essential for efficient water resources planning and management. Proper understanding of the characteristics of the time series may help in improving the simulation and forecasting accuracy of hydrological variables. This book presents a detailed description and application of multiscale time-frequency characterization tool for the spectral analysis of hydrological time series. It presents spectral analysis methods for hydrological applications through a wide variety of illustrative case studies including Wavelet transforms, Hilbert Huang Transform and their extensions.

In the rapidly developing field of analysis it is important to be aware of the newest methods within available techniques. Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis in Food Analysis describes chromatographic and electrophoretic principles and procedures for analyses of various amphiphilic and hydrophilic biomolecules, particularly for food analysis. Providing basic information, including general sample preparation, the book then goes on to describe individual analytical methods and exemplify the strategy and methodologies employed for the analyses. The theory necessary to understand the methods and interpretation of results is also included, as are numerous detailed instructions on experiments. Tables, figures and references are included to give a complete picture. Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis in Food Analysis will be especially valuable for students and more experienced researchers interested in analysis of natural products, both inside and outside the field of food chemistry.

Photoemission spectroscopy is one of the most extensively used methods to study the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and solids and their surfaces. This volume introduces and surveys the field at highest energy and momentum resolutions allowing for a new range of applications, in particular for studies of high temperature superconductors.

The field of bioseparation, and biochromatography in particular, is advancing very rapidly as our knowledge of the properties of molecules and atomic forces increases. This volume covers the basic principles of biochromatography in detail. It assesses different techniques and includes a large number of applications, providing the reader with a multidisciplinary perspective that gives the insight to master the many chromatographic methods. Biochromatography: Theory and Practice is a valuable tool for graduate and research scientists, technicians, engineers and teachers in a range of fields including biochemistry, biotechnology, biorecognition and chromatography.

For more than four decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography Series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. With contributions from an array of international experts, the latest volume captures new developments in this important field that yields great possibilities in a number of applications. The authors? clear presentation of topics and vivid illustrations make the material in Volume 48 accessible and engaging to biochemists and analytical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemists at all levels of technical skill.

Topics covered in this new edition include:

• The retention mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)
• Thermodynamic modeling of chromatographic separation
• Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (ULPC)
• Biointeraction affinity chromatography
• The characterization of stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography with the salvation parameter model
• Silica-hydride chemistry
• Multi-dimensional gas chromatography
• Sample preparation for chromatographic analysis of environmental samples and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with derivatization

Covering the state of the art in separation science, this volume presents timely, cutting-edge reviews on chromatography in the fields of bio-, analytical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemistry. The information contained in this latest volume will help fuel further research in this burgeoning field across the full spectrum of related disciplines.

This book on hollow fiber contractors presents an up-to-date compilation of the latest developments and milestones in this membrane technology. Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors: Module Fabrication, Design and Operation, and Potential Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of hollow fiber membrane applications (including a few case studies) in biotechnology, chemical, food, and nuclear engineering. The chapters in this book have been classified using the following, based on different ways of contacting fluids with each other: Gas-liquid contacting; Liquid-liquid contacting; Supported liquid membrane; Supported gas membrane; Fluid-fluid contacting. Other features include: Discusses using non-dispersive solvent extraction, hollow fiber strip dispersion, hollow fiber supported liquid membranes and role of process intensification in integrated use of these processes Provides technical and economic perspectives with several case studies related to specific scenarios Demonstrates module fabrication, design, operation and maintenance of hollow fiber contactors for different applications and performance Presents discussion on newer concepts like membrane emulsification, membrane nanoprecipitation, membrane crystallization and membrane condenser Special focus on emerging areas such as the use of hollow fiber contactor in back end of nuclear fuel cycle, membrane distillation, dehumidification of air and gas absorption and stripping Discusses theoretical analysis including computational modeling of different hollow fiber membrane processes, and presents emphasis on newly developed area of hollow fiber membrane based analytical techniques Presents discussion on upcoming area dealing with hollow fiber contactors-based technology in fermentation and enzymatic transformation and in chiral separations This book is equally suited for newcomers to the field, as well as for engineers and scientists that have basic knowledge in this field but are interested in obtaining more information about specific future applications.

The purpose of this book is to explain the basic physical principles underlying the use of supercritical fluids. Excessive detail is avoided and experimental examples are used sparingly to illustrate the principles, so that the basic principles are clear. Some of the topics are not presently covered in other books or in the literature. The first half of the book covers the very basic topics and in the second half these are applied to separation methods and chemical reactions.

This book provides a thorough account of the current status of achievements made in the area of soft X-Ray laser source development and of the increasingly diverse applications being demonstrated using such radiation sources. There is significant effort worldwide to develop very bright, short duration radiation sources in the X-Ray spectral region - driven by the multitude of potential applications in all branches of science. This book contains updates on several different approaches for comparative purposes but concentrates on developments in the area of laser-produced plasmas, whereby transient population inversion and gain between ion states is pumped by optical lasers interacting with pre-formed plasmas. Topics covered will include Laser-driven XRLs, Collisional XRLs, Recombination XRLs, Transient Inversion Collisional XRLs, Optical Field Ionization XRLs, Alternative XRL, pumping schemes Theory and simulations of XRL gain media and beam properties High order harmonic sources of XUV radiation, Free-electron lasers and other accelerator based X-Ray sources, X-Ray Laser drives, X-Ray optics and instrumentation Spectroscopy, and other diagnostics of laser media Applications of XRLs.

Gradient elution demystified
Of the various ways in which chromatography is applied today, few have been as misunderstood as the technique of gradient elution, which presents many challenges compared to isocratic separation. When properly explained, however, gradient elution can be less difficult to understand and much easier to use than often assumed.
Written by two well-known authorities in liquid chromatography, High-Performance Gradient Elution: The Practical Application of the Linear-Solvent-Strength Model takes the mystery out of the practice of gradient elution and helps remove barriers to the practical application of this important separation technique. The book presents a systematic approach to the current understanding of gradient elution, describing theory, methodology, and applications across many of the fields that use liquid chromatography as a primary analytical tool.
This up-to-date, practical, and comprehensive treatment of gradient elution:
* Provides specific, step-by-step recommendations for developing a gradient separation for any sample
* Describes the best approach for troubleshooting problems with gradient methods
* Guides the reader on the equipment used for gradient elution
* Lists which conditions should be varied first during method development, and explains how to interpret scouting gradients
* Explains how to avoid problems in transferring gradient methods
With a focus on the use of linear solvent strength (LSS) theory for predicting gradient LC behavior and separations by reversed-phase HPLC, High-Performance Gradient Elution gives every chromatographer access to this useful tool.

Established ion chromatography techniques have changed little since the 1980s but a new technique, high performance chelation ion chromatography (HPCIC), has revolutionized the area. HPCIC enables a much greater range of complex samples to be analyzed and this is the first comprehensive description of its use in the trace determination of metals. Written by world leaders in the field, it is aimed at professionals, postgraduates, chromatographers, analytical chemists, and industrial chemists. The book describes the underlying principles which give rise to the special selectivities that can be chosen for separating specific groups of metals. It also covers the latest research and gives many examples of its application to real samples. The very latest developments in detection techniques are included showing that HPCIC can rival atomic spectroscopic techniques such as ICP-MS. The detailed description of the fundamental principles controlling the separation of trace metals using chelating substrates is unique to this book. It shows how HPCIC differs from the commonly used simple ion exchange techniques and how these chelation characteristics give rise to a much more useful and versatile metal separation system. Readers will also be interested in the analysis of extremely difficult matrices, such as saturated brines, easily achieved by HPCIC but requiring very complex multi column systems using other ion chromatography methods.

The book provides an up-to-date account of inductively coupled plasmas and their use in atomic emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Specific applications of the use of these techniques are highlighted including applications in environmental, food and industrial analysis. It is written in a distance learning / open learning style; suitable for self study applications. It contains contain self-assessment and discussion questions, worked examples and case studies that allow the reader to test their understanding of the presented material.

The book is a technical guide for chemists and spectroscopists, and presents a concise description of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy and how it has advanced the interpretation of molecular electronic spectra.* Provides a practical guide to utilizing MCD spectroscopy for chemists starting in the field* Written by an expert with over twenty years of experience in the field* Helps the reader to visualize the optical spectroscopic effects presented by MCD measurements* Includes practical considerations for experimental MCD measurements based on the author's experience* Written as a general discussion of the subject matter, with illustrative examples provided and discussed in the case studies to show the breadth of application of MCD measurements.

This book provides a balanced blend of fundamental concepts of fabrication, characterization of conventional ceramics, extending to present the recent advances in ceramic membranes. It covers the basic concepts of ceramic membranes as well as practical and theoretical knowledge in conventional and advanced ceramic membranes combined with unorthodox ideas for novel approaches in ceramic membranes. Book includes lot of real time examples derived largely from research work by authors. Aimed at researchers, students and academics in the field of membrane engineering around the globe, it has following key features: Guides readers through manufacturing, characterizing and using low-cost ceramic technology. Provides an overview of the different types of ceramic membranes, catalytic reactors and their uses. Covers industrial application, separation and purification. Includes recent developments and advances in membrane fabrication. Discusses new raw materials for ceramic membranes.

Used routinely in drug control laboratories, forensic laboratories, and as a research tool, thin layer chromatography (TLC) plays an important role in pharmaceutical drug analyses. It requires less complicated or expensive equipment than other techniques, and has the ability to be performed under field conditions. Filling the need for an up-to-date, complete reference, Thin Layer Chromatography in Drug Analysis covers the most important methods in pharmaceutical applications of TLC, namely, analysis of bulk drug material and pharmaceutical formulations, degradation studies, analysis of biological samples, optimization of the separation of drug classes, and lipophilicity estimation. The book is divided into two parts. Part I is devoted to general topics related to TLC in the context of drug analysis, including the chemical basis of TLC, sample pleparation, the optimization of layers and mobile phases, detection and quantification, analysis of ionic compounds, and separation and analysis of chiral substances. The text addresses the newest advances in TLC instrumentation, two-dimensional TLC, quantification by slit scanning densitometry and image analysis, statistical processing of data, and various detection and identification methods. It also describes the use of TLC for solving a key issue in the drug market-the presence of substandard and counterfeit pharmaceutical products. Part II provides an in-depth overview of a wide range of TLC applications for separation and analysis of particular drug groups. Each chapter contains an introduction about the structures and medicinal actions of the described substances and a literature review of their TLC analysis. A useful resource for chromatographers, pharmacists, analytical chemists, students, and R&D, clinical, and forensic laboratories, this book can be utilized as a manual, reference, and teaching source.

The applications of solvent extraction (SX) and liquid membranes (LM) span chemistry, metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, chemical/mineral processing, and waste treatment-making it difficult to find a single resource that encompasses fundamentals as well as advanced applications. Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes: Fundamentals and Applications in New Materials draws together a diverse group of internationally recognized experts to highlight key scientific and technological aspects of solvent extraction that are critical to future work in the field. The first chapters identify relevant thermodynamics, kinetics, and interfacial behavior principles and introduce methods for calculating extraction equilibria and kinetic parameters. The next chapters focus on engineering and technological aspects of various industrial processes and plant applications, including optimization and modeling tools and calculations. The final chapters examine new materials for metal extraction and separations, covering preparation and application processes for organic and inorganic sorbents, solid polymeric extractants, and solvent impregnated resins. Solvent Extraction and Liquid Membranes offers a comprehensive review of the most important principles, calculations, and procedures involved in this widely applicable separation technique. The book's pedagogical approach will benefit students and researchers in the field as well as working scientists and engineers who wish to apply solvent extraction to their own applications.

Focusing on what has been one of the driving forces behind the development of lab-on-a-chip devices, Separation Methods in Microanalytical Systems explores the implementation, realization, and operation of separation techniques and related complex workflows on microfabricated devices. The book details the design, manufacture, and integration of diverse components needed to perform an entire analytical procedure on a single miniaturized device. The content applies to a diversity of disciplines including chemical analysis, biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and drug discovery. Separation Methods in Microanalytical Systems lays its theoretical background in a way that scientists from varied disciplines can approach. The book describes factors that influence the performance of separation, such as microfluidic handling, sample pre-treatment, and detection. It also conveys fabrication and material issues, design challenges, and practical considerations. Several chapters describe specific separation techniques that are central to micro-Total Analysis Systems (-TAS) as well as novel methods and emerging trends in microchip-based separations. The book also provides an applications overview that supplies a wealth of examples that help scientists put their ideas in perspective with already existing solutions. This multi-authored volume offers different styles, approaches, and opinions for a given problem, reflecting the various angles researchers take to handle the same issues. A one-stop guide for understanding, designing, and working with separation techniques in microanalytical devices, Separation Methods in Microanalytical Systems is a valuable reference for scientists and engineers already preparing to meet the anticipated demand for function-specific chemical separation systems.