Arguably the first book of its kind, Computational Bioengineering explores the power of multidisciplinary computer modeling in bioengineering. Written by experts, the book examines the interplay of multiple governing principles underlying common biomedical devices and problems, bolstered by case studies. It shows you how to take advantage of the latest computational capabilities to deal with biomedical problems using an integrative approach. This approach fosters an integrative problem-solving mentality for the generation of new and novel solutions to future biomedical problems. Each chapter begins with a brief review of the advances in computational efforts in the selected topic area and ends with case studies with detailed technical information. The approach provides a relevant overview of the selected topic area and demonstrates, with case studies, the power of computational modeling in offering predictive capabilities to assess new surgical concepts and medical devices and post-operative surgical outcomes. The book illustrates the expanded capabilities of computational bioengineering through discussions of bioengineering problems and discusses an image-based bioengineering modeling technique. Although computer modeling has been used to tackle bioengineering problems for decades, a systematic study of computational bioengineering not only addresses many critical challenges facing bioengineering but also sets a new direction for advancing the field. In a long run, this book is expected to foster an integrative problem-solving mentality that will help you generate new and novel solutions to future biomedical problems.

At a point where most introductory organic chemistry texts end, this problems-based workbook picks up the thread to lead students through a graduated set of 120 problems. With extensive detailed spectral data, it contains a variety of problems designed by renowned authors to develop proficiency in organic structure determination. This workbook leads you from basic problems encountered in introductory organic chemistry textbooks to highly complex natural product-based problems. It presents a concept-based learning platform, introducing key concepts sequentially and reinforcing them with problems that exemplify the complexities and underlying principles that govern each concept. The book is organized in such a way that allows you to work through the problems in order or in selections according to your experience and desired area of mastery. It also provides access to raw data files online that can be downloaded and used for data manipulation using freeware or commercial software. With its problem-centered approach, integrated use of online and digital resources, and appendices that include notes and hints, Problems in Organic Structure Determination: A Practical Approach to NMR Spectroscopy is an outstanding resource for training students and professionals in structure determination.

Characterizing bulk organic matter in seawater and bay water by various analytical techniques and linking these measurements with fouling in membrane systems. Furthermore, it aimed for the development of the Modified Fouling Index - ultrafiltration (MFI-UF) at constant flux filtration as an accurate test to measure the particulate fouling potential of a feed water and predict the rate of fouling in reverse osmosis systems. A new semi-portable set-up has been successfully developed to perform MFI-UF tests at constant flux filtration. A significant effect of the filtration flux on the fouling potential was found. Consequences of this effect for reverse osmosis systems are that the fouling potential at low flux drops dramatically; for ultrafiltration systems it implicates that the rate of fouling increases at high fluxes. The observed effect of flux on the fouling potential has significant implications for fouling potential measurements. Deposition factors in RO systems varied between 0 and 1, depending on location and MFI pore size, which indicates differences in properties of the particles present. Fouling potential results in RO fouling rates of 0.2-1 bar/month depending on the pore size of the membranes used for MFI measurements. The fouling potential of the analysed raw waters is substantially reduced by conventional pre-treatment systems and ultrafiltration: for conventional pre-treatment 37 % - 74 % and ultrafiltration 60 % - 95 %, depending on the location and the MFI pore size.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used across many fields of science because of the rich data it produces, and some of the most valuable data come from studies of nuclear spin relaxation in solution. The first edition of this book, published more than a decade ago, provided an accessible and cohesive treatment of the field. The present second edition is a significant update, covering important new developments in recent years. Collecting relaxation theory, experimental techniques, and illustrative applications into a single volume, this book clarifies the nature of the phenomenon, shows how to study it and explains why such studies are worthwhile. Coverage ranges from basic to rigorous theory and from simple to sophisticated experimental methods. Topics include cross-relaxation, multispin phenomena, relaxation studies of molecular dynamics and structure and special topics such as relaxation in systems with quadrupolar nuclei, in paramagnetic systems and in long-living spin states. Avoiding overly demanding mathematics, the authors explain spin relaxation in a manner that anyone with a familiarity with NMR can follow. The focus is on illustrating and explaining the physical nature of relaxation phenomena. Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids: Theory, Experiments and Applications, 2nd edition, provides useful supplementary reading for graduate students and is a valuable reference for NMR spectroscopists, whether in chemistry, physics or biochemistry.

This comprehensive reference work details the latest developments in fluorescence imaging and related biological quantification. It explores the most recent techniques in this imaging technology through the utilization and incorporation of quantification analysis which makes this book unique. It also covers super resolution microscopy with the introduction of 3D imaging and high resolution fluorescence. Many of the chapter authors are world class experts in this medical imaging technology.

Applications of Numerical Methods in Molecular Spectroscopy provides a mathematical background, theoretical perspective, and review of spectral data processing methods. The book discusses methods of complex spectral profile separation into bands, factor analysis methods, methods of quantitative analysis in molecular spectroscopy and reflectance spectroscopy, and new data processing methods. Mathematical methods in special areas of molecular spectroscopy, such as color science, electron spin resonance, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies are also covered. The book will benefit researchers and postgraduate students in fields of chemistry, physics, and biology.

Modern ESCA: The Principles and Practice of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is a unique text/reference that focuses on the branch of electron spectroscopy generally labeled as either Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The book emphasizes the use of core level and valence band binding energies, their shifts, and line widths. It describes the background, present status, and possible future uses of a number of recently developed branches of ESCA, including:

This volume provides an overview of the applications of modern solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to the study of catalysts, catalytic processes, species adsorbed on catalysts and systems relevant to heterogeneous catalysis. It characterizes the structure of catalytic materials and surfaces.

For more than four decades, scientists and researchers have relied upon the Advances in Chromatography Series for the most up-to-date information on a wide range of developments in chromatographic methods and applications. Covering the state of the art in separation science, this volume continues to present timely, cutting-edge reviews on chromatography in the fields of bio-, analytical, organic, polymer, and pharmaceutical chemistry. Compiled by leading researchers from around the world, new chapters cover topics related to countercurrent chromatography and large-scale genotyping as well as cyclic voltammetry detection, a powerful tool for determining the electrochemical characteristics of organic compounds.

This work provides a clear presentation of the chromatographic process - demonstrating the functions of all associated instrumentation and the procedures necessary to obtain accurate qualitative and quantitative results. The work supplies a host of applications from a variety of sources to help identify the best equipment, the most appropriate columns and the most suitable phase systems for specific samples.

Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography provides thorough coverage of the principles, practices, and applications of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for important sample and compound types. This information is directed specifically at workers in the most active scientific fields.

This book provides a balanced blend of fundamental concepts of fabrication, characterization of conventional ceramics, extending to present the recent advances in ceramic membranes. It covers the basic concepts of ceramic membranes as well as practical and theoretical knowledge in conventional and advanced ceramic membranes combined with unorthodox ideas for novel approaches in ceramic membranes. Book includes lot of real time examples derived largely from research work by authors. Aimed at researchers, students and academics in the field of membrane engineering around the globe, it has following key features: Guides readers through manufacturing, characterizing and using low-cost ceramic technology. Provides an overview of the different types of ceramic membranes, catalytic reactors and their uses. Covers industrial application, separation and purification. Includes recent developments and advances in membrane fabrication. Discusses new raw materials for ceramic membranes.

A concise introduction, Optical Astronomical Spectroscopy appeals to the newcomer of astronomical spectroscopy and assumes no previous specialist knowledge. Beginning from the physical background of spectroscopy with a clear explanation of energy levels and spectroscopic notation, the book proceeds to introduce the main techniques of optical spectroscopy and the range of instrumentation that is available. With clarity and directness, it then describes the applications of spectroscopy in modern astronomy, such as the solar system, stars, nebulae, the interstellar medium, and galaxies, giving an immediate appeal to beginners.

NMR Spectroscopy in Liquids and Solids provides an introduction of the general concepts behind Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and its applications, including how to perform adequate NMR experiments and interpret data collected in liquids and solids to characterize molecule systems in terms of their structure and dynamics. The book is composed of ten chapters. The first three chapters consider the theoretical basis of NMR spectroscopy, the theory of NMR relaxation, and the practice of relaxation measurements. The middle chapters discuss the general aspects of molecular dynamics and their relationships to NMR, NMR spectroscopy and relaxation studies in solutions, and special issues related to NMR in solutions. The remaining chapters introduce general principles and strategies involved in solid-state NMR studies, provide examples of applications of relaxation for the determination of molecular dynamics in diamagnetic solids, and discuss special issues related to solid state NMR including NMR relaxation in paramagnetic solids. All chapters are accompanied by references and recommended literature for further reading. Many practical examples of multinuclear NMR and relaxation experiments and their interpretations are also presented. The book is ideal for scientists new to NMR, students, and investigators working in the areas of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmaceutical sciences, or materials science.

From forensics and security to pharmaceuticals and environmental applications, spectroscopic detection is one of the most cost-effective methods for identifying chemical compounds in a wide range of disciplines. For spectroscopic information, correlation charts are far more easily used than tables, especially for scientists and students whose own areas of specialization may lie elsewhere. The CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts provides a collection of spectroscopic information and unique correlation charts for use in the interpretation of spectroscopic measurements. The handbook presents useful analysis and assignment of spectra and structural elucidation of organic and organometallic molecules. The correlation charts are compiled from an extensive search of spectroscopic literature and contain current, detailed information that includes new results for many compounds. The handbook includes graphical data charts for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the most useful nuclei, as well as infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Because mass spectrometry data is not best represented graphically, the data are presented in tabular form, where mass spectrometry can be used for analyses and structural determinations in tandem with other techniques. In addition to presenting absorption bands and intensities for a variety of important functional groups and chemical families, the book also discusses instrument calibration, diagnostics, common solvents, fragmentation patterns, several practical conversion tables, and laboratory safety. Not intended to replace reference works that provide exhaustive spectral charts on specific compound classes, this book fills the need for fundamental charts that are needed on a general, day-to-day basis. The CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts is an ideal laboratory companion for students and professionals in academic, industrial, and government labs.

Both the early use of artificial lighting and current manufacturing methods concerning incandescent and fluorescent lamps are covered in this book. The protocols for manufacture of fluorescent lamp phosphors and those used in cathode ray tubes are also treated in some detail. This text surveys the amazing, vast array of artificial lighting devices known to date in terms of how they arose and are, or have been used by mankind.

A complete description of the formulations and methodology for manufacturing all known phosphors is given. The book will serve as a repository of such phosphor manufacturing methods, including that of cathode ray tube phosphors. Methods of manufacture of lamp parts are also presented, including that of tungsten wire. The original approaches used are described as well as improvements in technology. These will serve as comparative methods for present day manufacture of these components. A history of the lamp industry is presented. Several methods are given which may serve as a source for further work in the lamp industry. Some of the earliest work has been applied in the laser industry to develop new types of discharge lasers. These include nitrogen-gas lasers and the rare gas (excimer) lasers. Previous work on lamps may also be applied in the development of new types of lasers.

Written by experts on current innovations in their fields, this 33rd volume of Advances in Chromatography covers subjects such as planar chips technology, molecular biochromatography, fusion reaction chromatography and enantioselective liquid chromatographic separations.

Presents chemical state imaging methods useful on distance scales ranging from individual atoms to millimeters. This work is intended for chemists familiar with modern spectroscopies, but includes tutorial material on basic imaging processes for those with little background in the field.

With usage of mass spectrometry continually expanding, an increasing number of scientists, technicians, students, and physicians are coming into contact with this valuable technique. Mass spectrometry has many uses, both qualitative and quantitative, from analyzing simple gases to environmental contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and complex biopolymers. The extraordinary versatility can make mass spectrometers daunting to novices. Consequently, new users would benefit greatly from an understanding of the basic concepts as well as the processes that occur in these instruments. Mass Spectrometry for the Novice provides exactly that, with detailed, straightforward descriptions and clear illustrations of principles of operations and techniques. The book begins with an overview that includes essential definitions and then provides information on the components of and the strategies used in the most common instruments. The authors discuss the methodologies available, classes of compounds analyzed, and the types of data that can be generated. A group of representative applications from published articles is summarized, demonstrating the diversity of mass spectrometry. The authors also condense the essentials of the topic into one invaluable chapter that provides a set of concise take-home messages on all aspects of mass spectrometry. The final section provides a collection of resources including books, reviews, and useful websites. Using simple language, new color figures, clever cartoons, and assuming no prior knowledge, this book provides a readily understandable entree to mass spectrometry. Downloadable resources with selected figures and cartoons is included.

This book highlights recent advances in quantum control technologies with regard to hybrid quantum systems. It addresses the following topics: phonon engineering based on phononic crystals, carbon-based nano materials like graphene and nanotubes, Terahertz light technology for single-molecule and quantum dots, nuclear-spin-based metrology for semiconductor quantum systems, quantum anomalous Hall effect in magnetic topological insulators, chiral three-dimensional photonic crystals, and bio-inspired magnonic systems. Each topic, as a component in the framework of hybrid quantum systems, is concisely presented by experts at the forefront of the field. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable asset, and will help readers find advanced technologies and materials suitable for their purposes.

This book addresses Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS), which has gained worldwide acceptance as an analytical technique. FAAS offers 100-1000 times better determination and detection limits than other techniques for a majority of the elements. This technique requires a small sample size, and demands less sample-preparation time than others. The handbook is a collection of thousands of references for detection and determination of various elements in agricultural products, biological and clinical samples, and metallurgical and electronic materials. Each chapter is devoted to an element or a similar group of elements. Included are instrumental setup parameters, references, and author and subject indexes. Also presented are detailed appendixes covering glossary, list of manufacturers of spectrophotometers and its accessories, list of chemical suppliers, and list of reviews and abstracts. The handbook covers topics such as heavy metals, clinical products, and trace metal analysis. This desk-top reference is meant for chemists who handle day-to-day analysis problems in laboratories in government, clinical, industrial and academic settings. It is invaluable for those involved in research in environmental science, analytical chemistry, clinical chemistry and forensic science.

Keeping mathematics to a minimum, this book introduces nuclear properties, nuclear screening, chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, and relaxation. It is one of the few books that provides the student with the physical background to NMR spectroscopy from the point of view of the whole of the periodic table rather than concentrating on the narrow applications of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Aids to structure determination, such as decoupling, the nuclear Overhauser effect, INEPT, DEPT, and special editing, and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy are discussed in detail with examples, including the complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of D-amygdain. The authors examine the requirements of a modern spectrometer and the effects of pulses and discuss the effects of dynamic processes as a function of temperature or pressure on NMR spectra. The book concludes with chapters on some of the applications of NMR spectroscopy to medical and non-medical imaging techniques and solid state chemistry of both I = F1/2 and I > F1/2 nuclei. Examples and problems, mainly from the recent inorganic/organometallic chemistry literature support the text throughout. Brief answers to all the problems are provided in the text with full answers at the end of the book.

This quick-reference guide contains over 400 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of commonly used pesticides and related metabolites. Systematically arranged for easy referral, the book: supplies relevant chemical, physical and structural data, in addition to the spectra; compares the improved quality of spectra performed on Fourier transform instruments, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and optical resolution, to those recorded on dispersive spectrometers; and promotes Good Laborotory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) by applying infrared spectroscopy to identify control of standards prior to performing qualitative and quantitative analyses.

For a host of reasons, nonlinear optical spectroscopy is a valuable tool for biochemical applications where minimally invasive diagnostics is desired. Biochemical Applications of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy presents the latest technological advances and offers a perspective on future directions in this important field. Written by an international panel of experts, this volume begins with a comparison of nonlinear optical spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography. The text examines the use of multiphoton fluorescence to study chemical phenomena in the skin, the use of nonlinear optics to enhance traditional optical spectroscopy, and the multimodal approach, which incorporates several spectroscopic techniques in one instrument. Later chapters explore Raman microscopy, third-harmonic generation microscopy, and non-linear Raman microspectroscopy. The text explores the promise of beam shaping and the use of broadband laser pulse generated through continuum generation and an optical pulse shaper. Lastly, the book discusses the effects of spatial beam shaping on the generated nonlinear Raman signals in a tightly focused geometry and provides insight into the extension of nonlinear optical spectroscopy to the nanoscale through the use of plasmonic tip-enhanced arrangement. With novel experimental approaches to this technology expanding day-by-day, the book's balanced coverage from a wide range of international contributors not only elucidates important achievements, but also outlines future directions in this dynamic and promising field.

Nanocomposite Membrane Technology: Fundamentals and Applications is the first book to deliver an extensive exploration of nanocomposite membrane technology. This groundbreaking text offers an eloquent introduction to the field as well as a comprehensive overview of fundamental aspects and application areas. Approaching the subject from the materials point of view, this book: Discusses the history, synthesis, and characterization of nanocomposite membranes Examines water treatment, gas separation, and biomedical applications Addresses health, environmental, safety, and societal implications Considers processing challenges, including scalability issues Provides case studies of real-world implementations Nanocomposite Membrane Technology: Fundamentals and Applications covers each topic with enough clarity and detail to be a valuable source of information for beginners and experts alike. Thus, this book is the guide of choice for scientists and engineers in both industry and academia.