Established ion chromatography techniques have changed little since the 1980s but a new technique, high performance chelation ion chromatography (HPCIC), has revolutionized the area. HPCIC enables a much greater range of complex samples to be analyzed and this is the first comprehensive description of its use in the trace determination of metals. Written by world leaders in the field, it is aimed at professionals, postgraduates, chromatographers, analytical chemists, and industrial chemists. The book describes the underlying principles which give rise to the special selectivities that can be chosen for separating specific groups of metals. It also covers the latest research and gives many examples of its application to real samples. The very latest developments in detection techniques are included showing that HPCIC can rival atomic spectroscopic techniques such as ICP-MS. The detailed description of the fundamental principles controlling the separation of trace metals using chelating substrates is unique to this book. It shows how HPCIC differs from the commonly used simple ion exchange techniques and how these chelation characteristics give rise to a much more useful and versatile metal separation system. Readers will also be interested in the analysis of extremely difficult matrices, such as saturated brines, easily achieved by HPCIC but requiring very complex multi column systems using other ion chromatography methods.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the modern theory of spectral line broadening and shifting by pressure of atmospheric gases. It describes current semi-classical methods for calculating vibrotational line widths and shifts, including very recent modifications and new developments realised by the authors themselves. For most of the considered molecular systems, analytical formulae are also given, which enable the calculation of line broadening coefficients without the use of semi-classical methods. The results of calculations by various approaches are compared with experimental data available in the literature. Numerous appendices list theoretical expressions and parameters' values required for the writing of computer programs for calculation of line broadening and line shifting coefficients.The book is addressed to undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as to professional scientists and researchers working in the field of molecular physics, molecular spectroscopy, quantum chemistry and mathematical physics.

Protein phosphorylation analysis is a central theme in current analytical biochemistry, cell biology and systems biology. Due to its versatility, specificity and sensitivity, mass spectrometry has developed into a key technology in this field. A set of minor and major instrumental innovations mean that mass spectrometers now exhibit a level of performance, a stability of operation, a relative ease of use, and productivity, which would once have been hard to imagine. This book guides the reader through this prolific field by presenting a collection of personal views and selected examples which cover all the important principles with a focus on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. It covers: phosphorylation analysis at the peptide, protein and proteome level; manual and automated data evaluation; phosphopeptide enrichment; quantitative aspects; element mass spectrometry; individual analytical strategies, and hints to useful internet resources. This book provides students, graduate students, post-Docs and senior scientists from related areas with a better understanding on molecular protein phosphorylation analysis. Its highest aim is to strengthen the reader's ability to develop a personal, well-founded opinion on original manuscripts published in this field.

This book is the most comprehensive recent publication on MIPs, consisting of 13 chapters, primarily involving the fundamentals, the instrumentation, and the methodologies of MIP-OES. The physical and chemical characteristics of the various MIP sources and sample introduction techniques available are all discussed as well as how these characteristics affect the design of the parts of the MIP setup with inclusion of some very recent work with MIP sources. Considerable experimental and fundamental emphasis is placed on the plasma generation as well as the experimental aspects of sample introduction in MIP spectrometry. The book firstly outlines the generation and operation of MIP discharges, and presents briefly the principles of MIP-based techniques currently in use, along with their potential benefits and limitations. It then addresses the art and science of microwave plasma generation and highlights very recent advances in the field, presenting both the fundamental properties and the design details of new microwave plasma sources. Analytical characteristics and novel applications of MIP-OES for a wide variety of sample types are also reviewed. As the book documents the latest achievements in MIP spectrometry, it should stimulate their use on a wider scale in the analytical and research laboratories and will prove useful to manufacturers of analytical instruments. This book is also aimed at academics and postgraduates embarking on work in the field of MIP source spectrometry, ICP/MIP users, analysts and research groups who want to configure their own plasma spectrometry setup, and manufacturers of plasma spectrometers and MIP devices. It will also be a useful source of information for those seeking to interface various sample introduction techniques with plasmas and for all those who would like to know more about the technique.

Computational Quantum Chemistry, Second Edition, is an extremely useful tool for teaching and research alike. It stipulates information in an accessible manner for scientific investigators, researchers and entrepreneurs. The book supplies an overview of the field and explains the fundamental underlying principles. It also gives the knowledge of numerous comparisons of different methods. The book consists of a wider range of applications in each chapter. It also provides a number of references which will be useful for academic and industrial researchers. It includes a large number of worked-out examples and unsolved problems for enhancing the computational skill of the users. Features Includes comprehensive coverage of most essential basic concepts Achieves greater clarity with improved planning of topics and is reader-friendly Deals with the mathematical techniques which will help readers to more efficient problem solving Explains a structured approach for mathematical derivations A reference book for academicians and scientific investigators Ram Yatan Prasad, PhD, DSc (India), DSc (hc) Colombo, is a Professor of Chemistry and former Vice Chancellor of S.K.M University, Jharkhand, India. Pranita, PhD, DSc (hc) Sri Lanka, FICS, is an Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Vinoba Bhave University, India.

This book presents research into chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) defense and environmental security, exploring practical implications of the research. Contributions from a diverse group of international civilian researchers present the latest work on nanotechnology problems in this area, looking at detection, protective technologies, decontamination and threats to environmental security due to bacteriophages and nanomaterials. Highlights include the potential of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to characterize the nanoscale properties of microbial pathogens, the development of bacteriophage-based therapeutics, prophylactic and diagnostic preparations and their uses in different fields, such as medicine, veterinary, agriculture, food and water safety, amongst others. Readers may also consider an inexpensive bioassay suited for assessing chemical poisoning in the environment such as the presence of pesticides, sensors to detect ultra-trace quantities of the explosive Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using nanotubes and electrochemical sensors to simultaneously detect and reduce the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) to 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) in solution. This book shows how cooperative research among NATO countries and NATO partners can make a critical contribution to meeting the opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology problems relevant to chemical and biological defense needs. The papers presented here are representative of contributions made to the Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on September 22-26, 2014 in Antalya, Turkey, to address the NATO SPS Key Priority of Defense against CBRN Agents and Environmental Security.

The significance of the development of solid-state lighting was underscored by the award of a Nobel Prize in 2014. It is important to build upon this work and to produce practical and versatile sources of quantum light, because these are essential components for the advancement of quantum photonic devices. These devices, in turn, promise new technologies that have the potential to revolutionize society. This book explores various ways of coupling quantum light into, and out of, solid-state emitters. The research presented here has led to important discoveries that will help overcome major challenges in this field.

Accurate prediction of hydrological variables is essential for efficient water resources planning and management. Proper understanding of the characteristics of the time series may help in improving the simulation and forecasting accuracy of hydrological variables. This book presents a detailed description and application of multiscale time-frequency characterization tool for the spectral analysis of hydrological time series. It presents spectral analysis methods for hydrological applications through a wide variety of illustrative case studies including Wavelet transforms, Hilbert Huang Transform and their extensions.

Mass spectrometry has developed into a platform for the assessment of health, sensory, quality and safety aspects of food. Current nutrition research focuses on unravelling the link between acute or chronic dietary and nutrient intake and the physiological effects at cellular, tissue and whole body level. The bioavailability and bioefficacy of food constituents and dose-effect correlations are key to understanding the impact of food on defined health outcomes. To generate this information, appropriate analytical tools are required to identify and quantify minute amounts of individual compounds in highly complex matrices (such as food or biological fluids) and to monitor molecular changes in the body in a highly specific and sensitive manner. Mass spectrometry has become the method of choice for such work and now has broad applications throughout all areas of nutrition research. This book focuses the contribution of mass spectrometry to the advancement of nutrition research. Aimed at students, teachers and researchers, it provides a link between nutrition and analytical biochemistry. It guides nutritionists to the appropriate techniques for their work and introduces analytical biochemists to new fields of application in nutrition and health. The first part of the book is dedicated to the assessment of macro- and micro-nutrient status with a view to making dietary recommendations for the treatment of diet-related diseases. The second part shows how mass spectrometry has changed nutrition research in fields like energy metabolism, body composition, protein turnover, immune modulation and cardiovascular health.

High-temperature liquid chromatography has attracted much interest in recent years but has not yet recognized its full potential in the chromatographic community. There is a widespread reluctance in industry to use temperature to speed up the separation process, influence the selectivity of a separation or implement novel detection techniques. However, the technology has now matured and could revolutionize chromatography as we see it today. Better equipment, such as heating systems able to generate faster heating rates, is becoming more readily available. Also, columns based on silica gel, which can withstand higher temperatures for an extended period, are now being introduced. Nevertheless, further technological and methodical efforts are needed to establish the method in a regulated environment like the pharmaceutical industry. This is the only text to cover all the practical aspects, as well as the underlying theoretical principles, of setting up an HPLC system for high temperature operation. It is not intended solely for academics but will also benefit the researcher interested in more practical considerations. The author is a recognized expert and has conducted several studies with partners from industry to validate the method. Many real examples from these studies have been included in the book. The aim is to support practitioners in the creation of their own protocols without the need to rely solely on trial and error. The book starts with a brief definition of high temperature liquid chromatography before going on to cover: system set up; the heating system; mobile phase considerations; suitable stationary phases; method development using temperature programming; analyte stability, and special hyphenation techniques using superheated water as a mobile phase. In each chapter, experimental data is used to illustrate the main statements and the advantages over conventional HPLC are evaluated. The book concludes with a critical outlook on further developments and applications underlining the necessary advances needed to make high temperature HPLC more robust.

In view of the rapid growth in both experimental and theoretical studies of multi-photon processes and multi-photon spectroscopy of atoms, ions, and molecules in chemistry, physics, biology and materials science, it is timely to publish an advanced series that contains review papers readable not only by active researchers in these areas, but also by those who are non-experts but who wish to enter the field. This present volume attempts to serve this purpose. Each chapter is written in a self-contained manner by experts in their own area of expertise so that general readers can grasp the knowledge in that area without too much preparation.

Photoemission spectroscopy is one of the most extensively used methods to study the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and solids and their surfaces. This volume introduces and surveys the field at highest energy and momentum resolutions allowing for a new range of applications, in particular for studies of high temperature superconductors.

In recent years, no other technique has gained such significance as NMR spectroscopy. It is used in all branches of science in which precise structural determination is required and in which the nature of interactions and reactions in solution is being studied. Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy has established itself as a premier means for the specialist and non-specialist alike to become familiar with new techniques and applications of NMR spectroscopy.

* Provides updates on the latest developments in NMR spectroscopy * Includes comprehensive review articles * Highlights the increasing importance of NMR spectroscopy as a technique for structural determination

Analytical techniques based on separation processes, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, are finding a growing range of applications in chemical, pharmaceutical and clinical laboratories. The Wiley Separation Science Series provides the analyst in these laboratories with well-focused books covering individual techniques, so that they can be applied more efficiently and effectively to contemporary analytical problems. The different enantiomers of a drug can exhibit widely different physiological activity in degree and nature. As a result, the separation and identification of enantiomers is now a very important analytical problem and chiral chromatography is the natural technique to apply to the resolution of such mixtures. Chiral Chromatography provides the reader with a basic understanding of the nature of chromatographic separations and relates the principles specifically to the separation of enantiomers. The following information is included:

• chiral separations involving both gas and liquid chromatography
• descriptions of the apparatus used for both techniques
• detailed discussion on the retention mechanism that results in chiral selectivity
• the structure and synthesis of a wide range of chirally active stationary phases used in both gas and liquid chromatography
• preparative applications for large scale purification of enantiomers
• applications of capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography.

The field of bioseparation, and biochromatography in particular, is advancing very rapidly as our knowledge of the properties of molecules and atomic forces increases. This volume covers the basic principles of biochromatography in detail. It assesses different techniques and includes a large number of applications, providing the reader with a multidisciplinary perspective that gives the insight to master the many chromatographic methods. Biochromatography: Theory and Practice is a valuable tool for graduate and research scientists, technicians, engineers and teachers in a range of fields including biochemistry, biotechnology, biorecognition and chromatography.

The manner in which polymers are linked, under certain conditions, forms the main focus of this work. Spectroscopy has, over the years, proved itself to be the technique in providing information at molecular levels for many polymer systems. This book provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art through contributions by world-renowned experts. Techniques covered include: ?1H and ?13C NMR; NMR Imaging, Solid State NMR, Infra Red and Raman spectroscopy, ESR, light and neutron scattering. The book will be invaluable to post graduate students of polymer science and researchers using any one of the many spectroscopic techniques.

This edited volume provides an extensive overview of how nuclear magnetic resonance can be an indispensable tool to investigate molecular ordering, phase structure, and dynamics in complex anisotropic phases formed by liquid crystalline materials. The chapters, written by prominent scientists in their field of expertise, provide a state-of-the-art scene of developments in liquid crystal research. The fantastic assortment of shape anisotropy in organic molecules leads to the discoveries of interesting new soft materials made at a rapid rate which not only inject impetus to address the fundamental physical and chemical phenomena, but also the potential applications in memory, sensor and display devices. The review volume also covers topics ranging from solute studies of molecules in nematics and biologically ordered fluids to theoretical approaches in treating elastic and viscous properties of liquid crystals. This volume is aimed at graduate students, novices and experts alike, and provides an excellent reference material for readers interested in the liquid crystal research. It is, indeed, a reference book for every science library to have.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an analytical tool used by chemists and physicists to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. In recent years, no other technique has gained such significance as NMR spectroscopy. It is used in all branches of science in which precise structural determination is required and in which the nature of interactions and reactions in solution is being studied. "Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy" has established itself as a premier means for the specialist and non-specialist alike to become familiar with new techniques and applications of NMR spectroscopy.

* Provides updates on the latest developments in NMR spectroscopy * Includes comprehensive review articles * Highlights the increasing importance of NMR spectroscopy as a technique for structural determination

The porphyrins, chlorophylls, bilins and related tetrapyrroles are vital for all living organisms. Natural and synthetic tetrapyrroles are used extensively in foods, cosmetics, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and medicine. Methods for their separation and characterization therefore, have a very wide area of applications. Yet, there is a dearth of books dedicated to HPLC and HPLC/MS of tetrapyrroles. Lim addresses this problem admirably by providing practical HPLC and HPLC/MS protocols coupled with in-depth chromatographic and mass spectrometric reference data. These are invaluable in the analysis, identification and characterization of porphyrins, chlorophylls, bilins and other related compounds found in biological and clinical materials. HPLC method development and optimization for coupling to mass spectrometry are also described in rich detail. Sample preparation, and suggestions for avoiding procedural artifacts during extraction of clinical and biological samples are discussed. Clinical biochemists involved in biochemical diagnosis of human porphyrias will find this monograph assuredly helpful, as would analysts, biochemists and chemists involved in the separation, isolation and characterization of natural and synthetic tetrapyrroles. Undoubtedly, Lim has contributed a master-piece containing sufficient background material for beginners and up-to-date references for all researchers in the field.

This book on hollow fiber contractors presents an up-to-date compilation of the latest developments and milestones in this membrane technology. Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors: Module Fabrication, Design and Operation, and Potential Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of hollow fiber membrane applications (including a few case studies) in biotechnology, chemical, food, and nuclear engineering. The chapters in this book have been classified using the following, based on different ways of contacting fluids with each other: Gas-liquid contacting; Liquid-liquid contacting; Supported liquid membrane; Supported gas membrane; Fluid-fluid contacting. Other features include: Discusses using non-dispersive solvent extraction, hollow fiber strip dispersion, hollow fiber supported liquid membranes and role of process intensification in integrated use of these processes Provides technical and economic perspectives with several case studies related to specific scenarios Demonstrates module fabrication, design, operation and maintenance of hollow fiber contactors for different applications and performance Presents discussion on newer concepts like membrane emulsification, membrane nanoprecipitation, membrane crystallization and membrane condenser Special focus on emerging areas such as the use of hollow fiber contactor in back end of nuclear fuel cycle, membrane distillation, dehumidification of air and gas absorption and stripping Discusses theoretical analysis including computational modeling of different hollow fiber membrane processes, and presents emphasis on newly developed area of hollow fiber membrane based analytical techniques Presents discussion on upcoming area dealing with hollow fiber contactors-based technology in fermentation and enzymatic transformation and in chiral separations This book is equally suited for newcomers to the field, as well as for engineers and scientists that have basic knowledge in this field but are interested in obtaining more information about specific future applications.

The book reviews the basic concepts and highlights the most relevant advances and developments that have taken place in the field of comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) since its introduction in 1991. The several instrumental and technical approaches assayed and developed during these seventeen years and that have contributed to the development of this powerful separation technique and to its increasing application in many areas is explained and comprehensively illustrated through a number of chapters devoted these specific topics. More specialized aspects of the technique, including theoretical aspects, modelization of the chromatographic process, software developments, and alternative couplings is also covered. Finally, special attention is paid to data treatment, for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. This book will be a practical resource that will explain from basic to specialized concepts of GC x GC and will show the current state-of-the-art and discuss future trends of this technique.
-Outlines basic concepts and principles of GCxGC technique for non-specialists to apply the technique to their research;
-Provides detailed descriptions of recent technical advances and serves as an instructional guide in latest applications in GCxGC;
-Sets the scene for possible future development and alternative new applications of technique.

The term magnetic resonance covers a wide range of techniques, spectroscopy, relaxation and imaging. In turn, these areas are evolving and leading to various new applications of NMR and ESR in food science and nutrition. This book is part of the continuing series of proceedings of the biennial conferences on applications of magnetic resonance to food science. As always, the aim of the book is to bring the reader up-to-date with the state-of-the-art of the subject. The speakers came from Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australasia giving a global perspective to the event. The range of the conference was broad covering sensory science, authenticity, functionality, solid state methods and new methods. Magnetic Resonance in Food Science is a global survey written by leading authorities. It provides readers with an awareness of current activity in the field and potential applications.

The 9/11 attack on US soil has inadvertently heightened the need for preparation for other potential means of terrorist attack. In particular, both biological and chemical warfare have been at the top of the priority list for most governmental agencies as these reagents can be covertly prepared and disseminated to result in both widespread fear and casualty. Among many others, one primary preventive step in preparing for the above attacks is to establish a network for efficient surveillance and rapid detection such that an appropriate response to such attacks can be timely and effective. Over the years, primarily due to technological advances, both chemical and biological agents that are able to inflict mass destructions are becoming more diverse and complex. Subsequently, improvement of sensing devices for rapid and sensitive detection should also be made to keep pace with these engineered or emerging threat agents. Of particular interest, the ability to encompass advances in micro and nanofabrication techniques to enable sensing devices are especially of interest as they have been shown to offer desired advantages such as improved and enhanced functionality, increased efficiency and speed in their readout, reduction in their fabrication cost, and also reduced reagent consumption. Numerous innovative and exciting reports which took advantage of these techniques for both chemical and biological sensing have appeared over the last decade. This unique book is the only current publication that provides readers with a brief, yet concise, collection of the latest advances in chemical and biological agent detection and/or their surveillance. It compiles and gives in-depth detail on several detection schemes so that the reader can be provided with a general sense of these micro and nanoscale sensing systems and platforms. The book covers both well established and "next-generation" micro- and nano-scale sensors and/or sensing platforms. Sensors or sensing platforms covered range from the novel utilization of nanotubes, cantilevers, nano and/or microsized pores, engineered whole cell, to polymeric transistors for sensing purposes. As a result of these advances there has been a synergistic marriage of a myriad of techniques, ranging from chemical, engineering and biological, for the development of sensors, which was once traditionally thought to be reserved for the immunologists. The enabling of these new technologies will result in a much improved sensing network for the detection and surveillance of both chemical and biological warfare agents.The book also contains chapters from leading experts in the field of chemical and biological sensing platforms and will be invaluable reading for anybody in this field.

This book provides a thorough account of the current status of achievements made in the area of soft X-Ray laser source development and of the increasingly diverse applications being demonstrated using such radiation sources. There is significant effort worldwide to develop very bright, short duration radiation sources in the X-Ray spectral region - driven by the multitude of potential applications in all branches of science. This book contains updates on several different approaches for comparative purposes but concentrates on developments in the area of laser-produced plasmas, whereby transient population inversion and gain between ion states is pumped by optical lasers interacting with pre-formed plasmas. Topics covered will include Laser-driven XRLs, Collisional XRLs, Recombination XRLs, Transient Inversion Collisional XRLs, Optical Field Ionization XRLs, Alternative XRL, pumping schemes Theory and simulations of XRL gain media and beam properties High order harmonic sources of XUV radiation, Free-electron lasers and other accelerator based X-Ray sources, X-Ray Laser drives, X-Ray optics and instrumentation Spectroscopy, and other diagnostics of laser media Applications of XRLs.

Written by experts on current innovations in their fields, this 33rd volume of Advances in Chromatography covers subjects such as planar chips technology, molecular biochromatography, fusion reaction chromatography and enantioselective liquid chromatographic separations.