The superconductivity of MgB2 has been hidden for nearly 50 years although it has the highest Tc among the intermetallics superconductors. Beside the high Tc, simple crystal structure, large coherence length, high critical field, transparency of grain boundaries to current flow and low normal state resistivity MgB2 is a fascinating topic to study for both large scale application and electronic devices. Moreover, the presence of two-gap superconductivity (d and o band) has been theoretically and experimentally established. However, critical current density of pristine MgB2 drops rapidly in the high magnetic field due to the weak pinning centres and low upper critical field. During the past three years, novel techniques and developments for fabrication of useable MgB2 have been reported, including chemical alloying, irradiation, thermo-mechanical processing techniques and magnetic shielding to improve the critical density, upper critical field and the irreversibility field. Among the studies, atomic substitution, especially using nano-particles, may help in clarification of the superconductivity mechanism thus making it appropriate for practical application. On the other hand, the momentum of enhancing flux pinning using chemical doping is moving to a positive side. Nano-SiC powder is well known for effective improvement of the critical current density. In this book, a brief introduction of superconductivity in MgB2 is introduced. Further, the basic electronic and magnetic properties of the MgB2 as well as its crystal structure are reviewed. The authors also discuss the preparation method that has been well developed for experimentation on MgB2. Along with that, they review the experimental results of the chemical alloying on MgB2, particularly on the critical current density. In addition, the future prospects of MgB2 and developments for applications in the current superconductivity market are given.

Light-emitting diodes are being widely used due to their efficient use of power. The applications for power LEDs include traffic lights, street lamps, automotive lighting, architectural lights, household light replacements, signage lighting (replacing neon strip lights and fluorescent tubes), and many more.
Powering (driving) these LED's is not always simple. Linear driving is inefficient and generates far too much heat. With a switching supply, the main issues are EMI and efficiency, and of course cost. The problem is to get a design that meets legal requirements and is efficient, while costing the least. This book covers the design trade-offs involved in LED driving applications, from low-power to UB-LEDs and beyond.
* Practical, "hands-on" approach to power supply design for LED drivers;
* Detailed examples of what works and why, throughout the design process;
* Commentary on how the calculated component value compares with the actual value used, including a description of why the choice was made.

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. This important book brings together leading research in this dynamic field.

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

Based on the latest progress in superconductivity research, the authors form a conventional theory of superconductivity and express BCS paring theory at a higher level. They especially emphasis the importance of the long-range phase coherence for the superconductivity. They also point out some misunderstandings of basic concepts about superconductivity in present textbooks and monographs. They illustrate the correct theory of the high-Tc superconductivity and the application of the high-Tc superconductors to establish a correct and detailed theory regarding this mechanism in different systems.

This book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of 'molecular electronics' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir- Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

This book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of 'molecular electronics' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir- Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

The Josephson Junction is a type of electronic circuit capable of switching at very high speeds when operated at temperatures approaching absolute zero. It exploits the phenomenon of superconductivity, the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current with practically zero resistance. This book presents new and important research in superconductivity. This includes optical properties, magneto-optics and surface acoustic waves, microwave responses, theories of superconductivity, synthesis in electronic applications and high temperature superconductivity.

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

This Golden Jubilee volume in the world's foremost series on superconductivity covers wide-ranging topics capturing the current excitement in the field. The broad areas include the advancement of high Tc theory, materials depicting unusual characteristics, materials' processing and defect structures for improved properties, their electromagnetic response, flux pinning, Josephson junctions and devices, and large scale applications.

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

This book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of 'molecular electronics' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir- Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

Advances in synthesis and characterization of dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric thin films are included in this volume. Dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric thin films have a tremendous impact on a variety of commercial and military systems including tunable microwave devices, memories, MEMS devices, actuators and sensors. Recent work on piezoelectric characterization, AFE to FE dielectric phase transformation dielectrics, solution and vapor deposited thin films, and materials integration are among the topics included. Novel approaches to nanostructuring, characterization of material properties and physical responses at the nanoscale also is included.

The Introduction to Semiconductor Marketing is a unique marketing primer for semiconductor industry professionals. This primer describes in detail fundamental marketing concepts coupled with useful product marketing and product management procedures. This book is especially useful to people new to semiconductor product marketing or those who are in a start up environment and may need help in marketing and positioning their products. Topics covered by this guidebook include: marketing basics, product positioning, segmenting and targeting markets, basic product management and business planning, marketing organizations, marketing requirements documents, marketing and relationships with engineering and sales among other topics.

This book includes within its scope studies of the structural, electrical, optical and acoustical properties of bulk, low-dimensional and amorphous semiconductors; computational semiconductor physics; interface properties, including the physics and chemistry of heterojunctions, metal-semiconductor and insulator-semiconductor junctions; all multi-layered structures involving semiconductor components. Dopant incorporation. Growth and preparation of materials, including both epitaxial (e.g. molecular beam and chemical vapour methods) and bulk techniques; in situ monitoring of epitaxial growth processes, also included are appropriate aspects of surface science such as the influence of growth kinetics and chemical processing on layer and device properties. The physics of semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices are examined , including theoretical modelling and experimental demonstration; all aspects of the technology of semiconductor device and circuit fabrication. Relevant areas of 'molecular electronics' and semiconductor structures incorporating Langmuir-Blodgett films; resists, lithography and metallisation where they are concerned with the definition of small geometry structure. The structural, electrical and optical characterisation of materials and device structures are also included. The scope encompasses materials and device reliability: reliability evaluation of technologies; failure analysis and advanced analysis techniques such as SEM, E-beam, optical emission microscopy, acoustic microscopy techniques; liquid crystal techniques; noise measurement, reliability prediction and simulation; reliability indicators; failure mechanisms, including charge migration, trapping, oxide breakdown, hot carrier effects, electro-migration, stress migration; package- related failure mechanisms; effects of operational and environmental stresses on reliability.

The broad field of thin film technology is based first of all on the film growth processes in general. The concepts of crystal structure and defects in crystalline thin films such as grain boundaries, dislocations and vacancies are examined. The general nature of film growth from atoms equilibrating with the service, through the initial stages of growth to film coalescence and zone models is also within the scope of this book as are evaporation, sputter deposition and chemical vapour deposition. Thin films are widely used in microelectronics, chemistry and a wide array of related fields. This book offers new research in this exploding field.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. This comprehensive text is aimed at graduate level students and researchers, breaking down the complexities of fabrication, use, and maintenance of heterojunctions. Topics include: introduction to quantum mechanics, Potential barriers and wells, electronic energy levels in periodic potentials, tunneling through potential barriers, distribution functions and density of states, optical properties of interband and intersubband transitions, electrical properties, techniques and measurements, growth issues, devices: Detectors and emitters.

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such "strongly correlated" solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made.

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. An understanding of such 'strongly correlated' solids is perhaps the major unsolved problem of condensed matter physics with over ten thousand researchers working on this topic. High-Tc superconductors also have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminum wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This new volume brings together new leading-edge research in the field.

High-Tc superconductors have significant potential for applications in technologies ranging from electric power generation and transmission to digital electronics. This ability to carry large amounts of current can be applied to electric power devices such as motors and generators, and to electricity transmission in power lines. For example, superconductors can carry as much as 100 times the amount of electricity of ordinary copper or aluminium wires of the same size. Many universities, research institutes and companies are working to develop high-Tc superconductivity applications and considerable progress has been made. This book presents leading research from around the world in this exciting field.

This volume is a collection of papers which were presented at the 2001 International Conference on Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP 2001) held at Ise Shima, Mie, on November 14-16, 2001. This symposium is second conference followed the previous successful first International RTP conference held at Hokkaido in 1997. The RTP 2001 covered the latest developments in RTP and other short-time processing continuously aiming to point out the future direction in the Silicon ULSI devices and II-VI, III-V compound semiconductor devices.
This book covers the following areas: advanced MOS gate stack, integration technologies, advancd channel engineering including shallow junction, SiGe, hetero-structure, novel metallization, inter-connect, silicidation, low-k materials, thin dielectrics including gate dielectrics and high-k materials, thin film deposition including SiGe, SOI and SiC, process and device modelling, Laser-assisted crystallization and TFT device fabrication technologies, temperature monitoring and slip-free technologies.

Guide to Superconductivity Books

One of the best books on electrostatics for the hobbyists, inventor, or experimenter is updated and expanded to include newly uncovered information on electrostatic generators and complete instructions for building various types, including Wimshurst and Van de Graaff generators. Throughout the book, the author provides hard-to-find information on electrical anomalies, which represent the frontier of electrostatic research.

Covering theory and presenting electroscope and other construction projects and experiments, this handbook also includes experiments with electrohorticulture, gravitation and electricity, cold light, and electric tornadoes. Homemade Lightning is both an excellent first book for the building electrical experimenter and a superb book for accomplished experimenters who havent spent much time with electrostatics.