Captured by United States Marines at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, a fifty-nine year old farmer was quickly brought to trial in nearby Charlestown and convicted of three capital crimes: treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia; conspiring with slaves to rebel; and murder. In a field on the outskirts of town he was hanged before fifteen hundred soldiers. Colonel Robert E. Lee, Professor Thomas J. Jackson, and John Wilkes Booth stood watching. "The Hanging of Old Brown" attempts to remove the veils that separate the contemporary observer from an understanding of the events and the convictions that brought John Brown to a Virginia scaffold ready to die.

Brown struggled to find redemption for himself and his nation. His war on slavery and eventual execution would reap the whirlwinds that would herald the destruction of slavery. Beginning with events of 1776, Toledo provides the historical context of John Brown's war, enabling readers to approach this abolitionist visionary with a better understanding of the period that defined him. Toledo hopes to dispel notions that Brown was a mere fanatic or deranged militant. This work invites readers to become acquainted with a man who is, in the end, both flawed and heroic, always deliberate, and ultimately triumphant.

Translated into English for the first time, Andres Avelino de Orihuela's El Sol de Jesus del Monte is a landmark Cuban antislavery novel. Published originally in 1852, the same year as Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (which Orihuela had translated into Spanish), it provides an uncompromising critique of discourses of white superiority and an endorsement of equality for free people of color. Despite its historical and literary value, The Sun of Jesus del Monte is a long-neglected text, languishing for 150 years until its republication in 2008 in the original Spanish. The Sun of Jesus del Monte is the only Cuban novel of its time to focus on La Escalera, or the Ladder Rebellion, a major anticolonial and slave insurrection of nineteenth-century Cuba that shook the world's wealthiest colony in 1843-44. It is also the only Cuban novel of its time to take direct aim at white privilege and unsparingly denounce the oppression of free people of color that intensified after the insurrection. This new critical edition-featuring an invaluable, contextualizing introduction and afterword in addition to the new English translation-offers readers the most detailed portrait of the everyday lives and plight of free people of color in Cuba in any novel up to the 1850s.

"Child Slaves in the Modern World" is the second of two volumes that examine the distinctive uses and experiences of children in slavery in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This collection of previously unpublished essays exposes the global victimization of child slaves from the period of abolition of legal slavery in the nineteenth century to the human rights era of the twentieth century. It contributes to the growing recognition that the stereotypical bonded male slave was in fact a rarity. Nine of the studies are historical, with five located in Africa and three covering Latin America from the British Caribbean to Chile. One study follows the children liberated in the famous Amistad incident (1843). The remaining essays cover contemporary forms of child slavery, from prostitution to labor to forced soldiering. "Child Slaves in the Modern World" adds historical depth to the current literature on contemporary slavery, emphasizing the distinctive vulnerabilities of children, or effective equivalents, that made them particularly valuable to those who could acquire and control them. The studies also make clear the complexities of attempting to legislate or decree regulations limiting practices that appear to have been--and continue to be --ubiquitous around the world.

This book traces the story of how and why thousands of Scots made money from buying and selling humans... a story we need to own. We need to admit that many Scots were enthusiastic participants in slavery. Union with England gave Scotland access to both trade and settlement in Jamaica, Britain's richest colony and its major slave trading hub. Tens of thousands from Scotland lived and worked there. The abolition campaign and slave revolts threatened Scottish plantation owners, merchants, traders, bankers and insurance brokers who made their fortunes from slave-farmed sugar in Jamaica and fought hard to preserve the system of slavery. Archives and parliamentary papers in both countries reveal these transatlantic Scots in their own words and allow us to access the lives of their captives. Scotland and Jamaica were closely entwined for over one hundred years. Bought & Sold traces this shared story from its early beginnings in the 1700s to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire and reflects on the meaning of those years for both nations today.

The papers collected in the two volumes of Technical Papers are the outgrowth of an inquiry into the economics and demography of slavery. The papers are a selection of the principal papers produced by collaborators in a research project that began nearly three decades ago on the economics of slavery.

The Declaration of Independence proclaimed freedom for Americans from the domination
of Great Britain, yet for millions of African Americas caught up in a brutal system
of racially based slavery, freedom would be denied for ninety additional years until
the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. "Freedom's Delay:
America's Struggle for Emancipation, 1776-1865" probes the slow, painful, yet ultimately
successful crusade to end slavery throughout the nation, North and South.
This work fills an important gap in the literature of slavery's demise. Unlike other
authors who focus largely on specific time periods or regional areas, Allen Carden presents
a thematically structured national synthesis of emancipation. "Freedom's Delay" offers
a comprehensive and unique overview of the process of manumission commencing in
1776 when slavery was a national institution, not just the southern experience known
historically by most Americans. In this volume, the entire country is examined, and major
emancipatory efforts--political, literary, legal, moral, and social--made by black and
white, free and enslaved individuals are documented over the years from independence
through the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.
"Freedom's Delay" dispels many of the myths about slavery and abolition, including
that racial servitude was of little consequence in the North, and, where it did exist, it
ended quickly and easily; that abolition was a white man's cause and blacks were passive
recipients of liberty; that the South seceded primarily to protect states' rights, not slavery;
and that the North fought the Civil War primarily to end the subjugation of African
Americans. By putting these misunderstandings aside, this book reveals what actually
transpired in the fight for human rights during this critical era. Carden's inclusion of a
cogent preface and epilogue assures that "Freedom's Delay" will find a significant place in the
literature of American slavery and freedom.
With a compelling preface and epilogue, notes, illustrations and tables, and a detailed
bibliography, this volume will be of great value not only in courses on American
history and African American history but also to the general reading public.
Allen Carden is professor of history at Fresno Pacific University in Fresno, California. He is
the author of "Puritan Christianity in America: Religion and Life in Seventeenth-Century
Massachusetts."

In contrast to the prevailing scholarly con-sensus that understands sentimentality to be grounded on a logic of love and sympathy, "Apocalyptic Sentimentalism "demonstrates that in order for sentimentality to work as an antislavery engine, it needed to be linked to its seeming opposite--fear, especially the fear of God's wrath. Most antislavery reformers recognized that calls for love and sympathy or the representation of suffering slaves would not lead an audience to "feel right" or to actively oppose slavery. The threat of God's apocalyptic vengeance--and the terror that this threat inspired--functioned within the tradition of abolitionist sentimentality as a necessary goad for sympathy and love. Fear, then, was at the center of nineteenth-century sentimental strategies for inciting antislavery reform, bolstering love when love faltered, and operating as a powerful mechanism for establishing interracial sympathy. Depictions of God's apocalyptic vengeance constituted the most efficient strategy for antislavery writers to generate a sense of terror in their audience.
Focusing on a range of important anti-slavery figures, including David Walker, Nat Turner, Maria Stewart, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Brown, "Apocalyptic Sentimentalism "illustrates how antislavery discourse worked to redefine violence and vengeance as the ultimate expression (rather than denial) of love and sympathy. At the sametime, these warnings of apocalyptic retribution enabled antislavery writers to express, albeit indirectly, fantasies of brutal violence against slaveholders. What began as a sentimental strategy quickly became an incendiary gesture, with antislavery reformers envisioning the complete annihilation of slaveholders and defenders of slavery.

The leading volume of this series included absorbing assessments of the efforts of slaves to shape their own culture, and traced the growth of the abolitionists from a handful of religious people, not given countenance by their church or government, into a powerful political force.

Looking at the ways in which the memory of slavery affects present-day relations in Amsterdam, this ethnographic account reveals a paradox: while there is growing official attention to the country's slavery past (monuments, festivals, ritual occasions), many interlocutors showed little interest in the topic. Developing the notion of "trace" as a seminal notion to explore this paradox, this book follows the issue of slavery in everyday realities and offers a fine-grained ethnography of how people refer to this past - often in almost unconscious ways - and weave it into their perceptions of present-day issues.

For nearly 150 years, William Lloyd Garrison, founder of the famed antislavery newspaper The Liberator, has been represented by scholars, educators, politicians and authors as the founder of the American abolitionist movement. Yet the idea that Garrison was the leader of a coherent movement was strongly contested during his lifetime. Drawing on private letters, diaries, newspapers, novels, memoirs, eulogies, late 19th century textbooks, poetry and monuments, this study reveals the dramatic social and political forces of the postwar period which transformed our perceptions of Garrison, the abolitionist movement and the first histories of the Civil War.

"Few historians have more skillfully integrated economic with social, intellectual and political history to demonstrate both the importance and the limits of economic developments-the material reality and the perception of it.... Pleasurable as well as instructive reading for anyone interested in the most fateful of our national crimes and the most fearful of our national crises.... [A] splendid book." -Eugene D. Genovese, Los Angeles Times Book Review

An investigation of US participation in the transatlantic slave trade to the Americas, from the American Revolution to the Civil War While much of modern scholarship has focused on the American slave trade's impact within the United States, considerably less has addressed its effects in other parts of the Americas. A rich analysis of a complex subject, this study draws on Portuguese, Brazilian, and Spanish primary documents-as well as English-language material-to shed new light on the changing behavior of slave traders and their networks, particularly in Brazil and Cuba. Slavery in these nations, as Marques shows, contributed to the mounting tensions that would ultimately lead to the U.S. Civil War. Taking a truly Atlantic perspective, Marques outlines the multiple forms of U.S. involvement in this traffic amid various legislation and shifting international relations, exploring the global processes that shaped the history of this participation.

A collection of documents by black American slaves, written while enslaved or shortly after escape. The words recorded here express complexity and diversity of thought and feeling about slavery and being black, and offer glimpses into the interior lives of a number of American slaves.

This book is a collection of essays that explore a variety of topics in religious history, both East and West, using theoretical frameworks derived from the comparative-historical sociology of Max Weber. It breaks new ground, offering substantive new research in the historical sociology of religion. The scope of essays covers both geographical and chronological vistas. The first section of this contributed volume focuses on Oriental religion. A survey chapter by Gert Mueller on the religions of Asia precedes two more specific studies by Deniz Tekiner and Donovan Walling on, respectively, social conflict and change in Indian religion and Tibetan (Buddhist) patrimonialism. The second section considers the heritage of Occidental religion. Peter Munch analyzes the charismatic authority of the judges of Ancient Israel, while Joseph Bryant explores the religion of ancient Greek intellectuals from Homer and Hesiod through the pre-Socratics. A final essay by Donald Nielsen assesses the quality of contemporary efforts to do a sociology of early Christianity and makes some suggestions toward improvement. The third section deals with the breakthrough to the modern world view. An initial essay by Nielsen treats the Inquisition in its earliest stages as presaging later Western religious rationalization. A chapter by Bill Garrett then assesses two modern attempts (by Guy E. Swanson and Robert Wuthnow) to account for Reformation outcomes. Two essays, by Steve Kent and Fred Kniss, deal with two of the little Protestant traditions: the Quakers and various Mennonite strains. A final contribution by the editor examines the role of religion in the creation and maintenance of slavery in the American South. This book should appeal to anyone interested in Buddhism, Hinduism, Ancient Judaism, Ancient Greece, early Christianity, and Protestantism and Catholicism from the 13th to the 19th centuries, and it can ideally be used as a text for teaching Comparative Religions at the undergraduate and nonspecialist graduate levels.

The African American slave narrative is popularly viewed as the story of a lone male's flight from slavery to freedom, best exemplified by the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave" (1845). On the other hand, critics have also given much attention to Harriet Jacobs's "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" (1861), to indicate how the form could have been different if more women had written in it. But in stressing the narratives of Douglass and Jacobs as models for the genre, scholars have ignored the formal and thematic importance of marriage and family in the slave narrative, since neither author explores slave marriage in their works.

This book examines the central role of marriage in "The Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, an American Slave" (1849) and "Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom; or the Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery" (1860). Bibb's slave wife and child account for significant innovations in the form and content of his narrative, while the Crafts' mutual dependence as a married couple results in a sustained use of dramatic irony. The volume closes by offering a thoughtful consideration of the influence of Bibb and the Crafts on the later fiction of Douglass, William Wells Brown, and Martin Delany. In doing so, it invites a critical reexamination of current assumptions about slave narratives.

Utilizing key selections from American literature, this volume aligns with ELA Common Core Standards to give students a fresh perspective on and a keener understanding of slavery in the United States. Slavery is a central feature of American history, one with which the nation still has not come fully to terms. In this book, that seminal topic is examined in a fresh way-through literature. Organized chronologically to show evolving attitudes toward American slavery in the 19th century, the work focuses on four key 19th-century texts that are frequently taught, using them as a gateway for understanding this critical period and why slavery had to be destroyed if the Union was to be maintained. In addition to examining the four works-Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn-the book also provides numerous historical documents that contextualize slavery in the literary texts. These documents make it dramatically clear why issues such as abolition and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 were so controversial for 19th-century Americans. Aligned with the ELA Common Core Standards, the title supports history teachers with insights into classic literary works, and it enhances the English curriculum with rich elaborations of relevant historical context. Helps students understand classic works of American literature from the slavery era by putting them in the context of history, society, and culture Helps students understand social and political issues relative to slavery by analyzing their appearance in period literature Documents how African Americans have been able to combat slavery and racism against almost insurmountable odds Provides teachers with a ready-reference that aligns with Common Core Standards in English Language Arts (ELA) in Social Studies (informational texts) Includes support tools such as document excerpts, discussion questions and areas for study, and guidance on further research

The wealth generated both directly and indirectly by Caribbean slavery had a major impact on Glasgow and Scotland. Glasgow's Sugar Aristocracy is the first book to directly assess the size, nature and effects of this. West India merchants and plantation owners based in Glasgow made nationally significant fortunes, some of which boosted Scottish capitalism, as well as the temporary Scottish economic migrants who travelled to some of the wealthiest of the Caribbean islands. This book adds much needed nuance to the argument in a Scottish context; revealing methods of repatriating wealth from the Caribbean as well as mercantile investments in industry, banking and land and philanthropic initiatives.

On Coerced Labor focuses on those forms of labor relations that have been overshadowed by the "extreme" categories (wage labor and chattel slavery) in the historiography. It covers types of work lying between what the law defines as "free labor" and "slavery." The frame of reference is the observation that although chattel slavery has largely been abolished in the course of the past two centuries, other forms of coerced labor have persisted in most parts of the world. While most nations have increasingly condemned the continued existence of slavery and the slave trade, they have tolerated labor relationships that involve violent control, economic exploitation through the appropriation of labor power, restriction of workers' freedom of movement, and fraudulent debt obligations. Contributors are: Lisa Carstensen, Christian G. De Vito, Justin F. Jackson, Christine Molfenter, David Palmer, Nicola Pizzolato, Luis F.B. Plascencia, Magaly Rodriguez Garcia, Kelvin Santiago-Valles, Nicole J. Siller, Marcel van der Linden, Sven Van Melkebeke.

Previous works on Frederick Douglass have focused either on his life or the literary genre in which his life is framed. Frederick Douglass: A Critical Reader is unique in that it explores his work by way of the field of philosophy to show that Douglass offered a wealth of arguments throughout his many texts and speeches. The writers in this work examine the explicit and implicit philosophical themes and arguments that resonate through his texts. Philosophically, Douglass' work seeks to establish better ways of thinking especially in the light of his conviction about our genuine shared humanity and the value of a democratic political life. His experience of, and straggle against, the institution of American slavery shaped these views. This understanding of Douglass' writing resonates in the essays written by contributors to this volume who include Angela Davis, Bernard Boxill, Howard McGary, and Lewis Gordon, to name a few. The result is a critical anthology of note, giving more than ample demonstration of the philosophical magnitude of Frederick Douglass' work.

This collection of essays explores the ways that memories of African slavery and the slave trade persist into the present, as well as the effect those memories have in shaping political, social, economic, and religious behavior today. The articles take a range of approaches: several examine the stigma that slave origins engender; one pairs lamentations about slave raiders with songs that celebrate a community's victory over a major predator; another looks at the impact of slavery through the lens of tales told by children. One author examines the techniques used by descendants of slave traders and slave owners to overcome their guilt, such as worshiping the spirits of those enslaved by their ancestors, while another shows how democratic politics has made it possible for descendants of slaves to liberate themselves from their inferior social status. The authors use a variety of sources -- interviews, proverbs, songs, religious art, newspaper articles, and children's stories -- to illuminate not only how people remember the past but also how they struggle to liberate themselves from it.

Tells the story of one state in particular whose role in the slave trade was outsized: Rhode Island Historians have written expansively about the slave economy and its vital role in early American economic life. Like their northern neighbors, Rhode Islanders bought and sold slaves and supplies that sustained plantations throughout the Americas; however, nowhere else was this business so important. During the colonial period trade with West Indian planters provided Rhode Islanders with molasses, the key ingredient for their number one export: rum. More than 60 percent of all the slave ships that left North America left from Rhode Island. During the antebellum period Rhode Islanders were the leading producers of "negro cloth," a coarse wool-cotton material made especially for enslaved blacks in the American South. Clark-Pujara draws on the documents of the state, the business, organizational, and personal records of their enslavers, and the few first-hand accounts left by enslaved and free black Rhode Islanders to reconstruct their lived experiences. The business of slavery encouraged slaveholding, slowed emancipation and led to circumscribed black freedom. Enslaved and free black people pushed back against their bondage and the restrictions placed on their freedom. It is convenient, especially for northerners, to think of slavery as southern institution. The erasure or marginalization of the northern black experience and the centrality of the business of slavery to the northern economy allows for a dangerous fiction-that North has no history of racism to overcome. But we cannot afford such a delusion if we are to truly reconcile with our past.