This text is written by researchers at BT Laboratories and at universities who have investigated a set of problems in vision, speech and natural language. It presents a diversity of approaches to the solution of these problems, based on a range of neural network paradigms. The book also includes sections on implementation, which discuss some approaches to hardware realization; and architectures, which describe new ideas and algorithms. The findings discussed here should be of interest not only to those working in the applications areas discussed, but also to people working more widely in the field of neural networks. This book should be of interest to working researchers and graduate students in neural networks.

This book presents applications to several fluid dynamics problems in both the bounded and unbounded domains in the framework of the discrete velocity models of kinetic theory. The proposition of new models for dense gases, gases with multi-components, and gases with chemical reactions are also included. This is an up-to-date book on the applications of the discrete Boltzmann equation.

This book constitutes the first single-volume, English-language treatise on electromagnetic wave propagation across the frequency spectrum.

A writer-musician examines how the switch from analog to digital audio is changing our perceptions of time, space, love, money, and power. Our voices carry farther than ever before, thanks to digital media. But how are they being heard? In this book, Damon Krukowski examines how the switch from analog to digital audio is changing our perceptions of time, space, love, money, and power. In Ways of Hearing-modeled on Ways ofSeeing, John Berger's influential 1972 book on visual culture-Krukowski offers readers a set of tools for critical listening in the digital age. Just as Waysof Seeing began as a BBC television series, Ways of Hearing is based on a six-part podcast produced for the groundbreaking public radio podcast network Radiotopia. Inventive uses of text and design help bring the message beyond the range of earbuds. Each chapter of Ways of Hearing explores a different aspect of listening in the digital age: time, space, love, money, and power. Digital time, for example, is designed for machines. When we trade broadcast for podcast, or analog for digital in the recording studio, we give up the opportunity to perceive time together through our media. On the street, we experience public space privately, as our headphones allow us to avoid "ear contact" with the city. Heard on a cell phone, our loved ones' voices are compressed, stripped of context by digital technology. Music has been dematerialized, no longer an object to be bought and sold. With recommendation algorithms and playlists, digital corporations have created a media universe that adapts to us, eliminating the pleasures of brick-and-mortar browsing. Krukowski lays out a choice: do we want a world enriched by the messiness of noise, or one that strives toward the purity of signal only?

Dieser Band der Reihe Fachwissen Technische Akustik behandelt die am weitesten verbreiteten, wellentheoretischen Verfahren der numerischen Akustik. Die Randelementemethode, die Finite-Elemente-Methode und die Ersatzstrahlermethode werden in den Kapiteln ausfuhrlich behandelt. Weitere Methoden wie z. B. Approximationen fur hohe Frequenzen, Verfahren der geometrischen Akustik oder die statistische Energieanalyse werden ebenfalls kurz angesprochen.

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When and how did the universe begin? Why are we here? What is the nature of reality? Is the apparent "grand design" of our universe evidence of a benevolent creator who set things in motion--or does science offer another explanation? In this startling and lavishly illustrated book, Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow present the most recent scientific thinking about these and other abiding mysteries of the universe, in nontechnical language marked by brilliance and simplicity.
According to quantum theory, the cosmos does not have just a single existence or history. The authors explain that we ourselves are the product of quantum fluctuations in the early universe, and show how quantum theory predicts the "multiverse"--the idea that ours is just one of many universes that appeared spontaneously out of nothing, each with different laws of nature. They conclude with a riveting assessment of M-theory, an explanation of the laws governing our universe that is currently the "only" viable candidate for a "theory of everything" the unified theory that Einstein was looking for, which, if confirmed, would represent the ultimate triumph of human reason.

The Education Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (formerly the Science Teaching Center) was established to study the process of instruction, aids thereto, and the learning process itself, with special reference to science teaching at the university level. Generous support from a number of foundations provided the means for assembling and maintaining an experienced staff to co-operate with members of the Institute's Physics Department in the examination, improvement, and development of physics curriculum materials for students planning careers in the sciences. After careful analysis of objectives and the problems involved, preliminary versions of textbooks were prepared, tested through classroom use at M.I.T. and other institutions, re-evaluated, rewritten, and tried again. Only then were the final manuscripts undertaken.

Fur akustische Planungen ist es unerlasslich zu wissen, wie viel Schall eine Quelle abstrahlt. Auch die Wahl einer gerauscharmen Maschine ist nur moeglich, wenn die jeweiligen Herstellerangaben miteinander vergleichbar sind. Die Schallleistung ist in beiden Fallen die passende Groesse, da sie die Schallabstrahlung einer Quelle unabhangig vom umgebenden Raum beschreibt. Gerade diese Ortsunabhangigkeit ist aber erforderlich, um mehrere Quellen zuverlassig vergleichen zu koennen oder um z.B. die an einem Arbeitsplatz in einer Werkhalle oder an einem Immissionsort in der Nachbarschaft zu erwartenden Gerauschimmissionen prognostizieren zu koennen. In dem Band "Schallleistung" werden die theoretischen Grundlagen erlautert und verschiedene, grundlegende Messmethoden vorgestellt. Damit wird die Leserin oder der Leser in die Lage versetzt, das fur eine spezifische Messaufgabe passende Messverfahren auszuwahlen und, falls in den einschlagigen Regelwerken keine Vorgaben fur besondere Einzelfalle zu finden sind, angepasste Loesungen zu erarbeiten, die mit den jeweiligen Messprinzipien in Einklang stehen.

As a critical theoretical advance, Understanding Plane Waves discusses the acoustic Goos-HAnchen effect. The important applications of this effect are discussed, including plane wave propagating inside transversely isotropic elastic-solids, reflection/refraction at interface between two anisotropic rocks, and acoustical applications to petroleum logging and seismic exploration. Next, the authors explore a newly developed acoustic-measurement system with emphasis on measurement process and recent improvements that make an acoustic-measurement more accurate. Three approaches which are used to analyze the evolution of the plane longitudinal and transverse waves that are propagated in a nonlinear hyperelastic medium are discussed: the method of successive approximations, the method of slowly varying amplitudes and the method of restriction on the displacement gradient. Lastly, the subject of relativistic quantum particles interacting with classical plane wave fields is examined from the standpoint of space-time symmetries which have been found to be encoded in the solutions of relativistic equations.

This book explores light and other types of waves, using this as a window into other aspects of physics. It emphasizes a conceptual understanding, using examples chosen from everyday life and the natural environment. For example, it explains how hummingbird feathers create shimmering colors, how musical instruments produce sound, and how atoms stick together to form molecules. It provides a unique perspective on physics by emphasizing commonalities among different types of waves, including string waves, water waves, sound waves, light waves, the matter waves of quantum mechanics, and the gravitational waves of general relativity. This book is targeted toward college non-science majors, advanced high school students, and adults who are curious about our physical world. It assumes familiarity with algebra but no further mathematics and is classroom-ready with many worked examples, exercises, exploratory puzzles, and appendices to support students from a variety of backgrounds.

Meticulous, precise account of the theory of finite elasticity covers the application of the theory to the solution of boundary-value problems, and to the analysis of the mechanical properties of solid materials capable of large elastic deformations. Setting is purely isothermal. Widely regarded as a classic in the field. Problems. References. Appendixes. 544p.

Offers an integrated account of the mathematical hypothesis of wave motion in liquids with a free surface, subjected to gravitational and other forces. Uses both potential and linear wave equation theories, together with applications such as the Laplace and Fourier transform methods, conformal mapping and complex variable techniques in general or integral equations, methods employing a Green's function. Coverage includes fundamental hydrodynamics, waves on sloping beaches, problems involving waves in shallow water, the motion of ships and much more.

In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave (a wave packet or pulse) that maintains its shape while it travels at constant speed. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of non-linear and dispersive effects in the medium. In this book, the authors discuss the interactions and theoretical and experimental challenges of solitons. Topics include soliton motion of electrons and its physical properties in coupled electron-phonon systems and ionic crystals; soliton excitations and its experimental evidence in molecular crystals; shapes and dynamics of semi-discrete solitons in arrayed and stacked waveguiding systems; ion-acoustic super solitons in plasma; diamond-controlled solitons and turbulence in extracellular matrix and lymphatic dynamics; and non-linear waves in strongly interacting relativistic fluids.

Dieser Band der Reihe Fachwissen Technische Akustik beschreibt das Ausmass von Larmwirkungen mit Hilfe objektivierbarer Einflussfaktoren. Die behandelten Themen dienen dazu, Aussagen zu treffen, ob angestrebte Schutzziele, wie z.B. die Vermeidung erheblicher Belastigungen oder die Gewahrleistung einer guten Sprachverstandlichkeit, erreicht werden.

Dieser Band der Reihe Fachwissen Technische Akustik beschreibt die bekannten passiv, reaktiv und aktiv Luftschall dampfenden Materialien und Bauteile mit ihren unterschiedlichen Wirkungsmechanismen und Ausformungen. Ausserdem wird die Vielfalt heute verfugbarer Moeglichkeiten fur den Schallschutz an lauten Geraten und Anlagen durch Verhinderung von Reflexionen von Wanden sowie Absorption in Kanalen, Kapselungen und Abschirmungen behandelt. Leser erfahren, wie man durch geeignete Schallabsorber in kommunikativ genutzten Raumen die Akustik hinsichtlich der Deutlichkeit von Sprache sowie der Klarheit von Musik optimieren kann.

Dieser Band der Reihe Fachwissen Technische Akustik behandelt Schallquellen, bei denen die Schallentstehung auf aerodynamische bzw. hydrodynamische Stroemungsvorgange zuruckzufuhren ist oder bei denen Stroemungsvorgange zumindest eine wesentliche Einflussgroesse darstellen. Die Kapitel erlautern die Schallentstehung durch Stroemungen an einigen typischen Beispielen.

This engaging book describes the properties of sound waves, how they move, and the way our ears catch them. Readers will learn how sound waves travel through different mediums and be amazed by the different ways sound waves are used in real life, such as for communication with animals and deep-sea exploration. A link to interactive activities online plus an activity in the book allow readers to experiment with sound waves to achieve different sounds. Teacher's guide available.

Sound is produced by vibrations and as such can be dampened or augmented based on materials selection. This title looks at the effects of sound and vibration on thin structures and details how damage may be avoided, acoustical effects created, and sound levels controlled.

This fully revised and updated third edition covers the physical and mathematical fundamentals of vibration analysis, including single degree of freedom, multi-degree of freedom, and continuous systems. A new chapter on special topics that include motion control, impact dynamics, and nonlinear dynamics is added to the new edition. In a simple and systematic manner, the book presents techniques that can easily be applied to the analysis of vibration of mechanical and structural systems. Suitable for a one-semester course on vibrations, the book presents the new concepts in simple terms and explains procedures for solving problems in considerable detail. It contains numerous exercises, examples and end-of-chapter problems.

We live in a world of waves. The Earth shakes to its foundations, the seas and oceans tremble incessantly, sounds reverberate through land, sea, and air. Beneath the skin, our brains and bodies are awash with waves of their own, and the Universe is filled by a vast spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, of which visible light is the narrowest sliver. Casting the net even wider, there are mechanical waves, quantum wave phenomena, and the now clearly detected gravitational waves. Look closer and deeper and more kinds of waves appear, down to the most fundamental level of reality. This Very Short Introduction looks at all the main kinds of wave, their sources, effects, and uses. Mike Goldsmith discusses how wave motion results in a range of phenomena, from reflection, diffraction, interference, and polarization in the case of light waves to beats and echoes for sound. All waves, however different, share many of the same features, and, as Goldsmith shows, for all their complexities many of their behaviours are fundamentally simple. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.