This book reviews basic electromagnetic (EM) wave theory and applies it specifically to lasers in order to give the reader not only tangible examples of how the theory is manifested in real life, but also practical knowledge about lasers, and their operation and usage. The latter can be useful for those involved with using lasers. As a short treatise on this subject matter, this book is not intended to dwell deeply into the details of EM waves nor lasers. A bibliography is provided for those who wish to explore in more depth the topics covered in this book. Rather the aim of this book is to offer a quick overview, which will allow the reader to gain a competent general understanding of EM waves and lasers.

This book is an introduction to wave dynamics as they apply to earthquakes, among the scariest, most unpredictable, and deadliest natural phenomena on Earth. Since studying seismic activity is essentially a study of wave dynamics, this text starts with a discussion of types and representations, including wave-generation mechanics, superposition, and spectral analysis. Simple harmonic motion is used to analyze the mechanisms of wave propagation, and driven and damped systems are used to model the decay rates of various modal frequencies in different media.Direct correlation to earthquakes in California, Mexico, and Japan is used to illustrate key issues, and actual data from an event in California is presented and analyzed. Our Earth is a dynamic and changing planet, and seismic activity is the result. Hundreds of waves at different frequencies, modes, and amplitudes travel through a variety of different media, from solid rock to molten metals. Each media responds differently to each mode; consequently the result is an enormously complicated dynamic behavior. Earthquakes should serve well as a complimentary text for an upper-school course covering waves and wave mechanics, including sound and acoustics and basic geology. The mathematical requirement includes trigonometry and series summations, which should be accessible to most upper-school and college students. Animation, sound files, and videos help illustrate major topics.

Optical properties, particularly in the infrared range of wavelengths, continue to be of enormous interest to both material scientists and device engineers. The need for the development of standards for data of optical properties in the infrared range of wavelengths is very timely considering the on-going transition of nano-technology from fundamental R&D to manufacturing. Radiative properties play a critical role in the processing, process control and manufacturing of semiconductor materials, devices, circuits and systems. The design and implementation of real-time process control methods in manufacturing requires the knowledge of the radiative properties of materials. Sensors and imagers operate on the basis of the radiative properties of materials. This book reviews the optical properties of various semiconductors in the infrared range of wavelengths. Theoretical and experimental studies of the radiative properties of semiconductors are presented. Previous studies, potential applications and future developments are outlined. In Chapter 1, an introduction to the radiative properties is presented. Examples of instrumentation for measurements of the radiative properties is described in Chapter 2. In Chapters 3-11, case studies of the radiative properties of several semiconductors are elucidated. The modeling and applications of these properties are explained in Chapters 12 and 13, respectively. In Chapter 14, examples of the global infrastructure for these measurements are illustrated.

Tracing efforts to control unwanted sound-the noise of industry, city traffic, gramophones and radios, and aircraft-from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth century. Since the late nineteenth century, the sounds of technology have been the subject of complaints, regulation, and legislation. By the early 1900s, antinoise leagues in Western Europe and North America had formed to fight noise from factories, steam trains, automobiles, and gramophones, with campaigns featuring conferences, exhibitions, and "silence weeks." And, as Karin Bijsterveld points out in Mechanical Sound, public discussion of noise has never died down and continues today. In this book, Bijsterveld examines the persistence of noise on the public agenda, looking at four episodes of noise and the public response to it in Europe and the United States between 1875 and 1975: industrial noise, traffic noise, noise from neighborhood radios and gramophones, and aircraft noise. She also looks at a twentieth-century counterpoint to complaints about noise: the celebration of mechanical sound in avant-garde music composed between the two world wars. Bijsterveld argues that the rise of noise from new technology combined with overlapping noise regulations created what she calls a "paradox of control." Experts and politicians promised to control some noise, but left other noise problems up to citizens. Aircraft noise, for example, measured in formulas understandable only by specialists, was subject to public regulation; the sounds of noisy neighborhoods were the responsibility of residents themselves. In addition, Bijsterveld notes, the spatial character of anti-noise interventions that impose zones and draw maps, despite the ability of sound to cross borders and boundaries, has helped keep noise a public problem. We have tried to create islands of silence, she writes, yet we have left a sea of sounds to be fiercely discussed.

This collection of notes, manuscripts, and presentation material addresses an understanding of the physical acoustics and flows of fluids in several areas emphasizing safety viewpoints. These research notes begin with atomic blasts; however, noise impacts occur in daily experience with civilian firearms, loud trombone playing, slamming a door, a water skier tipping over and slamming the water, and use of fireworks in celebrations. Here a classical blast model is revisited with elementary approaches first and then further analyses embellish onto intermediate and advanced topics. The aim is to introduce ideas and several research tools to formulate analyses to help make better informed decisions with the best mathematics, statistics, and science information to benefit people and the environment affected.

Mathematical Modeling in Diffraction Theory: Based on A Priori Information on the Analytical Properties of the Solution provides the fundamental physical concepts behind the theory of wave diffraction and scattered wave fields as well as its application in radio physics, acoustics, optics, radio astronomy, biophysics, geophysics, and astrophysics. This book provides a coherent discussion of several advanced topics that have the potential to push forward progress in this field. It begins with examples illustrating the importance of taking a priori information into account when developing algorithms for solving diffraction problems, with subsequent chapters discussing the basic analytical representations of wave fields, the auxiliary current and source methods for solving the problems of diffraction at compact scatterers, the null field and matrix methods that are widely used to solve problems in radio-physics, radio-astronomy, and biophysics, and the continued boundary condition and pattern equation method.

Illustrated papers and reports from the world's first international multi-disciplinary conference on Archaeoacoustics: The Archaeology of Sound. "Archaeoacoustics is at this 'pre-paradigmatic stage'," writes anthropologist Dr. Ezra Zubrow, "This book will help that synthesizing, theorizing pioneer of the future. Looking back there will be new scholars who will wonder how present scholars could have been so wrong. They will smile and yet they will remember this book. For in some sense, they will say 'this is where it began.'" Features Editor for "New Scientist" Magazine Kate Douglas explains: "Where the rest of us see stones, bones, rubble and shards, they (archaeologists) see the tell-tale remains of past lives. With careful scrutiny they are able to use this material to build up a picture of a culture, its technological know-how, trade in commodities and ideas, diet, lifestyle and even beliefs. Until recently, however, almost all archaeological insights have been gleaned by looking at ancient remains. Now archaeologists are starting to think beyond the visual. One of the most exciting branches of the new multi-sensory archaeology is archaeoacoustics, the archaeology of sound. In February 2014, the pioneers of this field met on the island of Malta for their first international conference. It was truly extraordinary." "Our goal for the conference was to focus in a responsible way on the behavior of sound in important ancient spaces, and the way that people may have used it," says conference organizer Linda Eneix. "We sought hints for the way sound may have impacted on early human development. We intended to bring together a broad base of expertise, science, and objective observation toward a multi-faceted understanding of human ingenuity. As this conference unfolded, we succeeded beyond all expectations." Contributors include: Alejandro Ramos-Amezquita, Panagiota Avgerinou, Ros Bandt, Anna Borg Cardona, Emma Brambilla, Fernando Coimbra, Stef Conner, Paolo Debertolis, Stella Dreni, Richard England, Mairi Gkikaki, Annie Goh, Anne Habermehl, Wouter F. M. Henkelman, Sepideh Khaksar, David J. Knight, Glenn Kreisberg, Selin Kucuk, Esthir Lemi, Torill Christine Lindstrom, Maria Cristina Pascual Noguerol, Riita Rainio, Iegor Reznikoff, Mustafa Sahin, Divya Shrivastava, Katya Stroud, Rupert Till, Steven J. Waller, Nektarios Peter Yioutsos, Ezra Zubrow This volume also contains preliminary reports from the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum (ca. 3600 BCE) acoustics project conducted on-site.

This book gives a simplified account of a new fundamental theory of physics. It is based on two postulates (or laws) and from these are derived a set of Field Equations. The solutions of these equations account for many of the features of modern physics. These solutions lead to the prediction of Newton's laws of motion and gravitation, Coulomb's law and electromagnetism, and the prediction of the values of the gravitational constant and the charge on the electron which are close to the measured values. They also lead to a formula for Plank's constant, and to Schr dinger's equation and the basis for quantum mechanics. Particles are not points. Structures are proposed for the proton, neutron, electron, electron neutrino, muon, pion and kaons. The theory provides an account of the up, down, strange, charm and bottom quarks and the W^+/- and Z particles. The book is mathematical, but simplified as much as possible to make the book accessible to a wide range of readers.

This monograph presents a concise, comprehensive summary of present knowledge on the propagation of acoustic waves in bends and in systems containing bends. It covers both the characteristics and limitations of sound propagation and the information now available on the design and application of bends and elbows in various acoustical systems.

As an acoustic engineer, Trevor Cox has spent his career eradicating unwanted noises - echoes in concert halls, clamour in classrooms. Until the day he heard something so astonishing that he had an epiphany: rather than quashing rare or bizarre sounds, we should be celebrating these sonic treasures. This is the story of his investigation into the mysteries of these Sonic Wonders of the World. In the Mojave Desert he finds sand dunes that sing. In France he discovers an echo that tells jokes. In California he drives down a musical road that plays the William Tell Overture. In Cathedrals across the world he learns how acoustics changed the history of the Church. Touching on physics, music, archaeology, neuroscience, biology, and design, Cox explains how sound is made and altered by the environment and how our body reacts to peculiar noises - from the exotic sonic wonders he encounters on his journey, or the equally unique and surprising sounds of our everyday environment. In a world dominated by the visual, Sonic Wonderland encourages us to become better listeners and to open our ears to the glorious cacophony around us. Listen to a selection of astonishing sounds here: https://soundcloud.com/sonicwonderland