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Books > Social sciences > Warfare & defence > Theory of warfare & military science
Where the implications of war and peace are open to question, the
possibility of change depends more on politics than economics. This
book asks whether the region's great powers can overcome opposing
interests and commit to political restraint. The concept of
regional security is based on great power support for regional
order. However, there are many pitfalls to consider: notably, the
politics of contested nationalisms; the Asia-Pacific rivalry of
China and the US; and India's inclinations to function - or be seen
- as a benevolent hegemon for the region. Yet there are signs of
renewed determination to move the region in new directions. While
China's Silk Road projects are long-term regional investments that
hinge on regional stability, the US is attempting to fashion new
partnerships and India strives to reconcile regional differences to
promote a peaceful environment.This book, as it sets out the
emerging agendas of the great powers and local powers, makes a
significant contribution to a better understanding of the
international relations and diplomatic politics of South Asia.
Turkish Intelligence and the Cold War examines the hitherto
unexplored history of secret intelligence cooperation between three
asymmetric partners - specifically the UK, US and Turkey - from the
end of the Second World War until the Turkey's first military coup
d'etat on 27 May 1960. The book shows that our understanding of the
Cold War as a binary rivalry between the two blocs is too simple an
approach and obscures important characteristics of intelligence
cooperation among allies. Egemen Bezci shows that a pragmatic
approach offers states new opportunities to protect national
interests, by conducting ''intelligence diplomacy' to influence
crucial areas such as nuclear weapons and to exploit cooperation in
support of their own strategic imperatives. This study not only
reveals previously-unexplored origins of secret intelligence
cooperation between Turkey and West, but also contributes to wider
academic debates on the nature of the Cold War by highlighting the
potential agency of weaker states in the Western Alliance.
Commanding Military Power offers a new explanation of why some
armed forces are stronger than others. Ryan Grauer advances a
'command structure theory' which combines insights from
organization theory, international relations, and security studies
literatures to provide a unique perspective on military power.
Specifically, armed forces organized to facilitate swift and
accurate perception of and response to battlefield developments
will cope better with war's inherent uncertainty, use resources
effectively, and, quite often, win. Case studies of battles from
the Russo-Japanese War, Chinese Civil War and Korean War, based on
new archival research, underscore the argument, showing that even
smaller and materially weaker militaries can fight effectively
against and defeat larger and better endowed adversaries when they
are organizationally prepared to manage uncertainty. That
organization often matters more than numbers and specific tools of
war has crucial implications for both contemporary and future
thinking about and efforts to improve martial strength.
Since World War II, civil wars have replaced interstate wars as the
most frequent and deadly form of armed conflict globally. How do we
account for when and where civil wars are likely to occur, when and
how they are likely to end, and whether or not they will recur? In
this timely book, leading scholars guide us through what the latest
research tells us about the onset, duration, outcomes, and
recurrence of civil wars, as well as the ongoing consequences of
conflicts in war-torn countries such as Syria, Sudan, and Rwanda.
In mapping out the current state of our knowledge about civil
conflicts, the authors also identify what we do not know about
civil wars. The book describes new directions in civil-war
research, including transitional justice institutions in
post-conflict environments, the "resource curse," the role of
women, and the relationship between the environment and civil
conflict. The authors also highlight new trends in civil-war data
collection that have enabled scholars to examine the geographic and
temporal patterns of armed conflict. This authoritative text offers
both an accessible and current overview of current knowledge and an
agenda for future research. With contributions by Halvard Buhaug,
David E. Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham, Jacqueline H.
R. DeMeritt, Karl DeRouen Jr., Paul F. Diehl, Andrew Enterline,
Erika Forsberg, Scott Gates, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, Nils Petter
Gleditsch, Caroline A. Hartzell, Cullen Hendrix, Jacob Kathman,
Christopher Linebarger, T. David Mason, Erik Melander, Sara
McLaughlin Mitchell, Alyssa K. Prorok, Idean Salehyan, Lee J. M.
Seymour, Megan Shannon, Benjamin Smith, David Sobek, Clayton L.
Thyne, Henrik Urdal, Joseph K. Young
What are the causes of war? How might the world be made more
peaceful? In this landmark work of international relations theory,
first published in 1959, the eminent realist scholar Kenneth N.
Waltz offers a foundational analysis of the nature of conflict
between states. He explores works by both classic political
philosophers, such as St. Augustine, Hobbes, Kant, and Rousseau,
and modern psychologists and anthropologists to discover ideas
intended to explain war among states and related prescriptions for
peace. Waltz influentially distinguishes among three “images”
of the origins of war: those that blame individual leaders or human
nature, those rooted in states’ internal composition, and those
concerning the structure of the international system. With a
foreword by Stephen M. Walt on the legacy and continued relevance
of Waltz’s work, this anniversary edition brings new life to a
perennial international relations classic.
In warzones, ordinary commercially-available drones are used for
extraordinary reconnaissance and information gathering. They can
also be used for bombings - a drone carrying an explosive charge is
potentially a powerful weapon. At the same time asymmetric warfare
has become the norm - with large states increasingly fighting
marginal terrorist groups in the Middle East and elsewhere. Here,
Nicholas Grossman shows how we are entering the age of the drone
terrorist - groups such as Hezbollah are already using them in the
Middle East. Grossman will analyse the ways in which the United
States, Israel and other advanced militaries use aerial drones and
ground-based robots to fight non-state actors (e.g. ISIS, al Qaeda,
the Iraqi and Afghan insurgencies, Hezbollah, Hamas, etc.) and how
these groups, as well as individual terrorists, are utilizing less
advanced commercially-available drones to fight powerful state
opponents. Robotics has huge implications for the future of
security, terrorism and international relations and this will be
essential reading on the subject of terrorism and drone warfare.
This volume examines Lebanon's post-2011 security dilemmas and the
tenuous civil-military relations. The Syrian civil war has strained
the Lebanese Armed Forces' (LAF) cohesion and threatens its
neutrality - its most valued assets in a divided society. The
spill-over from the Syrian civil war and Hezbollah's military
engagement has magnified the security challenges facing the Army,
making it a target. Massive foreign grants have sought to
strengthen its military capability, stabilize the country and
contain the Syria crisis. However, as this volume demonstrates, the
real weakness of the LAF is not its lack of sophisticated armoury,
but the fragile civil-military relations that compromise its
fighting power, cripple its neutrality and expose it to accusations
of partisanship and political bias. This testifies to both the
importance of and the challenges facing multi-confessional armies
in deeply divided countries.
The debate over cyber technology has resulted in new considerations
for national security operations. States find themselves in an
increasingly interconnected world with a diverse threat spectrum
and little understanding of how decisions are made within this
amorphous domain. With The Decision to Attack, Aaron Franklin
Brantly investigates how states decide to employ cyber in military
and intelligence operations against other states and how rational
those decisions are. In his examination, Brantly contextualizes
broader cyber decision-making processes into a systematic expected
utility-rational choice approach to provide a mathematical
understanding of the use of cyber weapons at the state level.
Topics Discussed: The Key Concepts of Cyber The Motivation and
Utility for Covert Action Digital Power Anonymity and Attribution
in Cyberspace Cyber and Conventional Operations: The Dynamics of
Conflict Defining the Role of Intelligence in Cyberspace How actors
decide to use cyber-a rational choice approach Cognitive Processes
and Decision-Making in Cyberspace Finding meaning in the expected
utility of international cyber conflict
This book provides a novel analysis of the military campaign of
Rafael Carrera during the popular insurrection of 1837-1840 in
Guatemala. Over the course of three years Carrera, a semi-literate
farmer, and his army of peasants established Conservative control
over Guatemala and accelerated the disintegration of the Central
American Federation. Although Carrera's rise has been analyzed from
a political and socio-economic perspective, the present work shows
that Carrera's vertiginous success is the product of a peculiar and
misunderstood approach to warfare that combines guerrilla
recruiting practices and rural insurgency logistics with
conventional combat tactics and operations. Gilmar Visoni-Alonzo
argues that Carrera's hybrid warfare was made possible because of
the conditions created by the militarization of Latin American
society following the administrative reforms of the Bourbon
monarchy in the late eighteenth century. The concept of hybrid
warfare is offered as an alternative model to understand the
success of other insurgencies.
Military and defense organizations are a vital component to any
nation. In order to maintain the standards of these sectors, new
procedures and practices must be implemented. Emerging Strategies
in Defense Acquisitions and Military Procurement is a pivotal
reference source for the latest scholarly research on the present
state of defense organizations, examining reforms and solutions
necessary to overcome current limitations and make vast
improvements to their infrastructure. Highlighting methodologies
and theoretical foundations that promote more effective practices
in defense acquisition, this book is ideally designed for
academicians, practitioners, researchers, upper-level students, and
professionals engaged in defense industries.
This book explores and problematises the war discourse regarding
Egypt's victory in the 1973 War. It traces the process through
which this discourse was constructed and reconstructed by the state
throughout the periods of President Anwar Sadat, his successor
Hosni Mubarak, and afterwards. It uses Critical Discourse Analysis
to combine analysis of texts commemorating the war with a study of
the socio-political milieu related to personal authoritarianism and
the state's intricate relations with the army, the press and
Islamists.
When is the use of force for humanitarian purposes legitimate? The
book examines this question through one of the most controversial
examples of humanitarian intervention in the post Cold War period:
the 1999 NATO intervention in Kosovo. Justifying Violence applies a
critical theoretical approach to an interrogation of the
communicative practices which underpin claims to legitimacy for the
use of force by actors in international politics. Drawing on the
theory of communicative ethics, the book develops an innovative
conceptual framework which contributes a critical communicative
dimension to the question of legitimacy that extends beyond the
moral and legal approaches so often applied to the intervention in
Kosovo. The empirical application of communicative ethics offers a
provocative and nuanced account which contests conventional
interpretations of the legitimacy of NATO's intervention. -- .
Initiations and rites of passage can instill esprit de corps and
loyalty and are included in many traditions throughout the
Department of Defense (DOD) and the Coast Guard. However, at times
these, and more ad hoc activities, have included cruel or abusive
behavior that can undermine unit cohesion and operational
effectiveness. Congress included a provision in statute for the
United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) to report on
DOD, including each of the military services, and Coast Guard
policies to prevent, and efforts to track, incidents of hazing.
This book addresses the extent to which DOD and the Coast Guard,
which falls under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), have
developed and implemented policies to address incidents of hazing;
and visibility over hazing incidents involving servicemembers.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) is the worlds largest
public engineering, design, and construction management agency,
with water resources infrastructure in every state, authorized for
various purposes including navigation, flood and coastal storm
damage reduction, hydropower, and water supply. The Corps plans,
designs, and operates water resources infrastructure projects, such
as dams, levees, hurricane barriers, floodwalls, and floodgates,
that may be affected by extreme weather events. This book discusses
the Army Corps of Engineers and their water resource work in the
areas of extreme weather events; levee safety; dam safety (cost
sharing of repairs); and operations/water control manuals.
This book aims to provide a complete exposure about armaments from
their design to launch from the combat aircraft. The book details
modern ammunition and their tactical roles in warfare. The proposed
book discusses aerodynamics, propulsion, structural as well as
navigation, control, and guidance of aircraft armament. It also
introduces the various types of ammunition developed by different
countries and their changing trends. The book imparts knowledge in
the field of design, and development of aircraft armaments to
aerospace engineers and covers the role of the United Nations in
peacekeeping and disarmament. The book will be very useful to
researchers, students, and professionals working in design and
manufacturing of aircraft armaments. The book will also serve air
force and naval aspirants, and those interested in working on
defence research and developments organizations.
This second part of a two-volume series examines in detail the
financing of America's major wars from the Spanish-American War to
the Vietnam War. It interweaves analyses of political policy,
military strategy and operations, and war finance and economic
mobilization with examinations of the events of America's major
armed conflicts, offering useful case studies for students of
military history and spending policy, policymakers, military
comptrollers, and officers in training.
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