First published in 1999 as volume 13 in the NASA "Monograph in Aerospace History" series. This study contains photographs and illustrations.

Fuel injection systems and performance is fundamental to combustion engine performance in terms of power, noise, efficiency, and exhaust emissions. There is a move toward electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce carbon emissions, but this is unlikely to be a rapid transition, in part due to EV batteries: their size, cost, longevity, and charging capabilities as well as the scarcity of materials to produce them. Until these isssues are resolved, refining the spark-ignited engine is necessary address both sustainability and demand for affordable and reliable mobility. Even under policies oriented to smart sustainable mobility, spark-ignited engines remain strategic, because they can be applied to hybridized EVs or can be fueled with gasoline blended with bioethanol or bio-butanol to drastically reduce particulate matter emissions of direct injection engines in addition to lower CO2 emissions. In this book, Alessandro Ferrari and Pietro Pizzo provide a full review of spark-ignited engine fuel injection systems. The most popular typologies of fuel injection systems are considered, with special focus on state-of-the-art solutions. Dedicated sections on the methods for air mass evaluation, fuel delivery low-pressure modules, and the specific subsystems for idle, cold start, and warm-up control are also included. The authors pay special attention to mixture formation strategies, as they are a fundamental theme for SI engines. An exhaustive overview of fuel injection technologies is provided, and mixture formation strategies for spark ignited combustion engines are considered. Fuel Injection Systems illustrates the performance of these systems and will also serve as a reference for engineers who are active in the aftermarket, offering detailed information on fuel injection system solutions that are mounted in older vehicles.

S40 Saloon & V50 Estate Petrol: 1.8 litre (1798cc), 2.0 litre (1999cc) & 2.4 litre (2435cc) 4- & 5-cylinder Turbo-diesel: 1.6 litre (1560cc), 2.0 litre (1984cc & 1998cc) & 2.4 litre (2400cc) 4- & 5-cylinder Does NOT cover 1.6 litre or 2.5 litre 'T5' petrol engines or 2.4 litre 'T9' diesel engine. Does NOT cover 'Classic', AWD (four-wheel-drive) models or 'Powershift' transmission.

The British Rail corporate image and its Rail Blue livery was one of the longest-lived colour schemes carried by the trains of Britain in the forty-eight-year life of the nationalised railway network. Launched in 1965, after Beeching, the then new corporate image was an attempt by the BR design panel to raise the profile of the railway system countrywide and to sweep away the dull steam-era image as the swinging sixties got underway. By the mid-1970s, virtually all BR locomotives and multiple units were carrying Rail Blue livery, while most of the passenger coaches were in matching blue/grey. As the British Rail network was sectorised from the late 1980s in preparation for eventual privatisation, new bold, bright livery schemes for the fleet swept away the familiar, but by then somewhat jaded BR image. The BR blue era is now looked upon with affection as a golden age when the system was operated by an immense variety of locomotives and rolling stock, all now part of history in the same way that the steam era was viewed when the BR blue era ruled on Britain's railways.

This book celebrates the extraordinary sporting legacy behind the name Alfa Romeo, and is a unique record of every type of Alfa Romeo associated with official and, at times, not so official Alfa sporting achievements from 1945 to the present day. This photographic album and record consists entirely of period photographs, many previously unpublished, with a full description of each car's sporting achievement, and is the result of many years of research.

A fascinating history of European motorcycle racing, going back to a period far removed from the world of Moto GP today: a time when many young men from all walks of life decided to give up their livelihoods in favour of earning their living by racing motorcycles on the dangerous public road circuits of the European Continent. It was a nomadic existence that involved travelling from circuit to circuit, circus fashion, hence the title 'Continental Circus.' The book begins with the pre-war period, when many young British riders travelled to the Continent to take part in the Grand Prix races, held from around 1920 and across Europe. British riders such as Alec Bennett, Stanley Woods, Jimmy Guthrie and many more, gained notable success and established their reputations on the European circuits. Moving on to the post-war era, the book details the riders from around the world who joined the Circus - self-financed 'privateers' from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The 1950s and '60s were the days of the true Continental Circus, when private riders earned their living riding all over the continent. The book also covers the development of the machines that became the essential tools of the private riders, and the eventual demise of the Continental Circus in the 1970s, due to new safety regulations and the escalating cost of racing. Chris Pereira's historical account is sourced both from first-hand experience of racing, and from his own vast library of racing history records and photographs.

Then, it all started to unravel, and after years of teetering near disaster, the industry finally collapsed onto itself, a victim of its own complacency and serial incompetence, to be sure, but also a colossal casualty of a rapidly manic global economy that rewarded new and next over hoary traditions powered by historical inertia. Today, we have two of the three principal players in the U.S. auto industry crawling from the wreckage of excruciating and painfully humiliating bankruptcies, and though their wounds were largely self-inflicted and nearly fatal, the fact remains that this industry - having set the tempo for America's manufacturing base for decades - is still standing. But there is still a story to be told - and what a tale it is. From the conniving corporate sycophants and mindless bureaucratic weasels to the legions of self-aggrandizing politicians (who treated the looming disaster as their personal playground, while putting their stunning, maliciously driven biases and incompetence on display for the whole country to see), it is a saga filled with outrage and flat-out stupidity as well as wonder and blatant disbelief. So here then are the staggering details: How an entire founding industry - the mainstay of the American industrial fabric - came unglued, went down for the count, and eventually pulled itself up by its bootstraps so it could live to fight another day.

First published in 2003 as volume 30 in the NASA "Monograph in Aerospace History" series. This study contains photographs and illustrations.

The Rootes Story – The Chrysler Years focuses on the Rootes Group during the 1960s and 70s, the vehicles produced by the company, the people that created them and the events that led to Rootes selling out to Chrysler Corporation of America and eventual acquisition by the French Peugeot company. A valuable backdrop to the events is provided throughout the book by ex- Rootes employees and management. Chronicles the Rootes Group’s efforts to survive as a major car and truck manufacturer in Britain’s turbulent 1960s and 1970s. From a position as a respected global name in manufacturing, the Rootes Group found itself struggling to compete in a new buyers’ market, in which foreign competition was starting to overtake British manufacturers. Despite the challenges that confronted them, Rootes designed and built some of the most popular cars of the period: the Hillman Minx and Super Minx, the Singer Vogue and the Humber Sceptre, and the iconic but ill-fated Hillman Imp, as well as some of the most rugged and well-purposed vans and trucks, built by Commer, Karrier and Dodge. The book highlights the competition pedigree of the Sunbeam Rapier, the Alpine, the Imp and the Ford V8-engined Tiger. Famous names such as Paddy Hopkirk, Rosemary Smith and Peter Procter all give their stories as works drivers for Rootes, while engineers at ‘comps’ tell the background stories of how races and rallies were won and lost. Andrew Cowan, Rootes’ works rally driver and winner of the 1968 London–Sydney Marathon in a Hillman Hunter, shares his story in what was a remarkable and unexpected victory for Rootes. This complex story is told through the eyes of ex-Rootes and Chrysler personnel, giving ‘from the horse’s mouth’ accounts of the company and its exploits. Geoff Carverhill takes you inside the boardroom, into the drawing office and on to the production line to give the reader an insider’s view of Rootes, Chrysler and Peugeot.

This is a fictional biography of lives and loves during the last part of the 20th and the first part of the 21st Centuries. Automobiles enriched those lives, making possible love, travel and high adventure. A physician and a skilled mechanic have collaborated to describe what the automobiles, the people and the times were like during that era of rapid change.