The guest editors, Dr. William Huang and Dr. Ezequiel Becher, have assembled a state-of-the art issue devoted to Advanced and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). They have secured expert authors to contribute clinical reviews on the important topics involving treating and managing patients with RCC. Specific articles are devoted to the following topics: Imaging for Metastatic RCC; Adjuvant Therapy for Localized High Risk RCC; Current Standards for Therapeutic Sequencing for Advanced RCC; Role of Lymphadenectomy in patients with advanced RCC; Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in the Era of TKI/IO - Who, When and Why; Minimally Invasive Surgery for Patients with Locally Advanced and Metastatic Disease RCC; Evolving Role of Urologists in the Management of Advanced RCC; Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced RCC; Epidemiology and Risk Assessment/Biomarkers for Patients with Advanced RCC; Radiation Therapy for Patients with Metastatic RCC; Evolving Role of Metastatectomy for Patients with Metastatic RCC; and Management of Non-Clear Cell Metastatic RCC. Readers will come away with the information they need to treat and manage patients and to improve outcomes.

This book provides a definitive account of koro, a topic of long-standing interest in the field of cultural psychiatry in which the patient displays a fear of the genitals shrinking and retracting. Written by Professor A.N. Chowdhury, a leading expert in the field, it provides a comprehensive overview of the cultural, historical and clinical significance of the condition that includes both cutting-edge critique and an analysis of research and accounts from the previous 120 years published literature. The book begins by outlining the definition, etymology of the term, and clinical features of koro as a culture-bound syndrome, and contextualizes the concept with reference to its historical origins and local experience in Southeast Asia, and its subsequent widespread occurrence in South Asia. It also critically examines the concept of culture-bound disorder and the development of the terminology, such as cultural concepts of distress, which is the term that is currently used in the DSM-5. Subsequent chapters elaborate the cultural context of koro in Chinese and South Asian cultures, including cultural symbolic analysis of associations with animals (fox and turtle) and phallic imagery based on troubling self-perceived aspects of body image that is central to the concept. The second section of the book offers a comprehensive, global literature review, before addressing the current status and relevance of koro, clinically relevant questions of risk assessment and forensic issues, and research methodology. This landmark work will provide a unique resource for clinicians and researchers working in cultural psychiatry, cultural psychology, anthropology, medical sociology, social work and psychosexual medicine.

Together with Consulting Editor Dr. Samir Taneja, Dr. Badrinath Konety has put together a comprehensive issue that addresses Salvage therapies for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Expert authors have contributed clinical review articles on the following topics: BCG salvage therapy: Definition and context; Who will respond to BCG? Predictors and nomograms; Identification of candidates for salvage therapy: Definition of BCG "Failure"; Predictors of response to Intravesical therapy; Precision medicine for NMIBC; Salvage therapy using BCG derivatives or single agent chemotherapy; Intravesical heated Mitomycin: Biology and clinical utility; Mitomycin derivatives in the salvage setting; Combination intravesical therapy; Intravesical gene therapy; Immunoncology as salvage therapy; Role of IDO inhibitors in salvage therapy; and Novel agents for intravesical therapy. Readers will come away with the clinical information they need to improve outcomes in patients with bladder cancer.

This book is partly based on research funded by Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds based in the Netherlands and administered by the World Cancer Research Fund International grant program. Every year half a million of people worldwide are diagnosed with bladder cancer. With the recent zeitgeist of the self-empowered, intelligent patient who wishes to be well-informed, many cancer patients do not solely want to rely on decisions taken by medical practitioners, but actively participate in the journey from sickness to health or disease. While no books about the relationship between diet and bladder cancer currently exist, the poor quality of the existing information about the relationship between diet and health is shocking. Much of the information is exaggerated, not evidence-based, misleading and sometimes even incorrect. Dr. Maurice Zeegers, one of the world leading bladder cancer epidemiologists, and his co-authors set the record straight with this book on Diet and Fighting Bladder Cancer. Their aim is to provide purely evidence-based information about the relationship between diet and bladder cancer. The primary audience is bladder cancer patients who wish to be well-informed, although clinicians and healthcare workers may also find the book an interesting read. The book gives an honest reflection on what scientists know, but also what they don't yet know about how diet contributes to all stages of this important disease. Although science-based, the book is written in an easy-to-read format, illustrated with practical recipes.

This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, guest edited by Drs. Gretchen Irwin and Laura Mayans, is devoted to Urology. Articles in this issue include: Dysuria; UTI and Pyelonephritis; Nephrolithiasis; Interstitial Cystitis; BPH; Urinary Incontinence; Enuresis; Erectile Dysfunction; Prostate Cancer Screening; Hematuria; and Urologic Cancers.

In consultation with Consulting Editor, Dr. Samir Taneja, Guest Editors Dr. Brian Matlaga and Dr. Ojas Shah have put together a timely look at Emerging Technologies in Renal Stone Management. The issue focuses on techniques and newer generation of lasers, fiberoptics, and imaging techniques. Clinical review articles are specifically devoted to the following: Next Generation Reusable Ureteroscopes: Fiberoptic and Digital; Single-Use Ureteroscopes; Disposable Stone Retrieval Devices; New Generation Laser Fibers; Emerging Laser Techniques for Stone Management; Ultrasonic and Pneumatic Lithotripters; Emerging technologies in lithotripsy; New technologies to aid in percutaneous access; Innovations in Ureteral Stent Technology; New imaging techniques in the Management of Stone Disease; Radiation Mitigation Techniques; Ultrasound Technology in the Management of Stone Disease; Emerging Mobile Platforms to Aid in Stone Management; and Assessing Cost-Effectiveness of New Technologies in Stone Management. Readers will come away with the latest information they need to optimize treatment and management outcomes in the patient with stone disease.

Circumcision remains as one of the most controversial topics in current urological practice. The most important argument against circumcision is the permanent change of anatomy, histology and function of the penis, with potential complications, with rates reported to be low in developed countries, whereas it may be up to 85% when circumcision is carried out by traditional circumcisers, rather than by medically trained professionals in developing countries. In some studies, reporting the complications of circumcision, primary haemorrhage was the most common (52%), whereas infection, meatal stenosis, incomplete circumcision, penile oedema, glandular injury, penile adhesions, iatrogenic hypospadias and urethral injuries were also detected at different rates. At times minor complications after circumcision which cannot be avoided even when the procedure is undertaken by specialized pediatric surgeons or urologist, in a properly equipped centres; specially if the child or his penis is congenitally abnormal, the obvious examples are, circumcising a child with an excessive suprapubic fat or a child with webbed penis or microphallus . This title aims to minimize complications of MC and to compete against its serious impact on men's' health, it will educate and teach physicians about potential complications and how they could manage it early on and avoid further patient problems This title will shed some light over the common as well the uncommon complications, which usually raise a debate about its management. There are different sets to classify MC complications: Either early, or late, minor or major, local or systemic, rare or common. Both rare and common complications will be discussed with comprehensive photos and illustrations for each complication and its operative remedy.

In consultation with Consulting Editor, Samir Taneja, the Guest Editors have created an issue that provides a current look at urologic disease in the pediatric patient. Authors represent the top academic institutions and have contributed review articles on the following topics: Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Peritransplant Management by the Pediatric Urologist; Pediatric Stone Disease; Anesthesia in the Pediatric Patient; Neurogenic Bladder/Augmentation; Fertility Issues in Pediatric Urology; Transitional Urology; Minimally Invasive Surgery Update; Exstrophy Epispadias and Global Urology; Bladder/Bowel Dysfunction; Prenatal Hydronephrosis; and Overview of DSD/Genital Surgery in Children. Readers will come away with the clinical updates they need for proper diagnosis and treatment of the pediatric patient.

This volume covers classic and modern cell and molecular biology of prostate cancer, as well as novel biomarkers, inflammation, centrosome pathologies, microRNAs, cancer initiation novel biomarkers, inflammation, centrosome pathologies, microRNAs, cancer initiation and genetics, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis and progression to metastasis, and treatment strategies including clinical trials related to prostate cancer. Cell & Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer is one of two companion books comprehensively addressing the biology and clinical aspects of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Stategies, the companion volume, discusses both classic and the most recent imaging approaches including analysis of needle biopsies, applications of nanoparticle probes and peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for detection, early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Taken together, these volumes form one comprehensive and invaluable contribution to the literature.

Since the first randomized controlled studies were conducted on medical circumcision to assess their effectiveness on reducing HIV transmission, health systems have made considerable progress in adopting this practice in their HIV/AIDS and sexual reproductive health policies. As such, medical circumcision is being adopted as an additional intervention measure to support previous practices for reducing HIV infections in various countries or settings. James Kityo's pioneering book examines contexts, processes, policy projections, and likely engagements by reviewing sexual reproductive health policies or practices, and literature on medical circumcision, and identifies existing opportunities and challenges. His book also explores the medical, gender, ethical, socio-economic, and human rights dimensions of medical circumcision as an HIV/AIDS prevention method. Following peer-reviewed studies, Kityo found compelling evidence documenting the effectiveness of medical circumcision in reducing HIV transmission, and discusses this evidence in the context of HIV/AIDS in a developing health system in Sub-Saharan Africa. The author concludes that there is a range of opportunities from research and current practice to enable policy makers to adopt medical circumcision and other interventions at their disposal in order to reduce infections from HIV and AIDS-related deaths. The author suggests feasible recommendations for implementing successful HIV/AIDS prevention programs in developing nations' health systems, including medical circumcision's gradual inclusion in health practices; stakeholder support; an elaborate review of this intervention by women, politicians, religious communities, and funding agencies. The author introduces a guided action plan, which can be used as a launch pad to enhance the learning process in the integration of medical circumcision in existing health practices.

This issue of Medical Clinics of North America, guest edited by Robert E. Brannigan, MD, is devoted to Urology. Articles in this outstanding issue include: Prostate Cancer Screening; Treatment Modalities and Outcomes for Prostate Cancer; Kidney, Ureteral, and Bladder Cancer: A Primer for the Internist; Testicular Cancer: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment; Urinary Stone Disease: Diagnosis, Medical Therapy, and Surgical Management; Male Voiding Dysfunction, BPH, and Urinary Retention; Female Voiding Dysfunction and Urinary Incontinence; Penile and Urethral Reconstructive Surgery; Male Infertility Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of IVF/ICSI; Sexual Dysfunction: Behavioral, Medical, and Surgical Therapies; Hypogonadism: Therapeutic Risks, Benefits, and Outcomes; Cutaneous Diseases of the External Genitalia; Urological Emergencies; Telemedicine: Early Experience in the Urology Clinic; and Men's Health Programs: The Intersection of Internal Medicine and Urology.

A Comprehensive Guide to the Prostate: Eastern and Western Approaches for Management of BPH provides a multidisciplinary approach to BPH and male voiding dysfunction, presenting comprehensive guidance on management. With an equal focus on traditional, complementary and alternative medicine, and a look at novel technologies, a complete understanding of the BPH disease process is revealed. Abstracts and references in every chapter make the connection between research and practice. Perfect for researchers and urologists, this must-have reference provides what is needed to understand BPH and male voiding dysfunction.

The Management of Lithiasis: The Rational Deployment of Technology addresses the latest developments in the treatment of urolithiasis and biliary stones. The emphasis of the book is on the selection of the cheapest and most effective treatment and is based upon the experience of editors and authors from both the Western countries as well as developing countries in Asia. With health care budgets becoming increasingly restricted, there is a growing interest in cost-controlled and effective treatment methods. This volume covers urinary tract calculi as well as biliary tract calculi, including epidemiology, etiology, choices in the management of calculi, efficacy and safety of treatment and the prevention of urolithiasis.

This issue of Physician Assistant Clinics, Guest Edited by Todd J. Doran, Ed.D., PA-C, DFAAPA, is devoted to Urology. Articles in this issue include: Male Factor Infertility; Elevated PSA/PCa Screening; PSA Recurrence/Advanced PCa; Hematuria; Kidney Stones; Frequent Urinary Tract Infection; Female Urinary Incontinence; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS); Erectile Dysfunction; Hypogonadism; Neurogenic Bladder; and Vesicoureteral Reflux.

The second of two companion books which address the biology and clinical aspects of prostate cancer. This volume, Prostate Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Stategies, discusses both classic and the most recent imaging approaches for detection, early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The companion title, Cell & Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer, covers classic and modern cell and molecular biology as well as genetics, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, progression to metastasis, and treatment strategies including clinical trials related to prostate cancer. Taken together, these volumes form one comprehensive and invaluable contribution to the literature.

Dr. Cookson has put together topics and authors that speak to current knowledge on urinary diversion. Top experts provide timely clinical reviews on the most relevant information to urologists performing this surgery. Articles are devoted to the following topics: Patient Selection and Counseling for Urinary Diversion; Perioperative Preparation and Nutritional Considerations; Male Neobladder; Female Neobladder; Continent Cutaneous Urinary Diversion; Conduit Urinary Diversion; Metabolic and Nutritional Complications of Urinary Diversion; Surgical Complications of Continent Diversion; Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion; Secondary Tumors after Urinary Diversion; Quality of Life in Urinary Diversion; Urinary Diversion in Renal Transplant Patients; Urinary Diversion in the Pediatric Patients; and Tissue Engineering and Conduit Substitution. Readers will leave with the current information they need to manage patients surgically and clinically.

Despite its universality in human female ageing, the menopause and its biology are not completely understood. New biologic mechanisms by which sex hormones may be detrimental or confer protection are continually being discovered. We are now starting to understand that the role of the oestrogen receptor is not identical in all tissues. Important nongenomic effects for sex hormones have also been described. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has produced effects on health risks: some are reduced, some are increased, and the rest remain uncertain. HRT is being used by an increasing number of women to alleviate climacteric symptoms in the perimenopausal period and to prevent osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease later. Positive effects on Alzheimer's disease and dementia on the one hand, and an increase in venous thrombosis on the other, are currently being reported by several groups. Both the preventive benefits and the risk of breast cancer seem to be linked to long-term and current use. HRT requires further testing through specific clinical trials, currently underway in the United States, before confident recommendations may be made about the full range of benefits and risks.

Dr. Samir Taneja, Consulting Editor, is stepping into the Guest Editor role for this issue of Urologic Clinics devoted to Prostate Cancer. He has assembled top experts to address the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Articles are devoted to the following topics: Whom to Biopsy: Pre-Diagnostic Risk Stratification with Biomarkers, Nomograms, and Risk Calculators; How to Biopsy: Transperineal vs. Tranrectal, Saturation vs. Targeted: What's the Evidence; Pre-Diagnostic Risk and Assessment with Imaging and Image-guided Biopsy; Whom to treat: Post-Diagnostic Risk Assessment with Gleason score, Risk Models, and Genomic Classifier; Strategies for Staging and Utilization of Imaging; Contemporary Active Surveillance: Candidate Selection, Follow-up Tools, and Expected Outcomes; Focal Ablation of Early Stage Prostate Cancer: Candidate Selection, Treatment Guidance, and Assessment of Outcome; Extent of Lymphadenectomy at Time of Prostatectomy: An Evidence-based Approach; How to Radiate the Prostate: Hypofractionation, Sterotactic Body Radiation Therapy, and Conventional Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Managing Relapse after Surgical Therapy: Adjuvant vs. Salvage Therapy; Newly diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer - Has the Paradigm Changed; Role of Local therapy in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: Should we Expect Cure; Approaching the High-Risk Patient; and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Algorithmic Approach. Readers will come away with state-of-the-art information on strategies for diagnosing, treating, and managing prostate cancer.

This book focuses on the current basic science research of hypospadias and genital development. Congenital anomalies of the genitalia are the second most common birth abnormality besides congenital heart defects. Genital anomalies come in many varieties with the most common abnormality being hypospadias. The etiology of hypospadias remains unknown and the incidence is doubling in western countries with no definable explanation. It therefore seems especially germane to study this common congenital anomaly with a baseline incidence of 1/125-250 newborn males.