Aging is associated with morphologic and functional alterations of organ systems including the genitourinary tract. Aging of the bladder leads to urgency, frequency, dysuria, recurrent urinary tract infections and incontinence both in the aging men and women. These symptoms occur frequently, are very distressing and influence daily life of the aging person. Besides patients symptoms, medications and incontinence devices are a tremendous financial burden on health care systems. Understanding the morphologic and functional processes of the aging bladder may decrease symptoms, costs and develop new, preventive strategies for the treatment of the aging bladder. This book reviews present knowledge of morphologic and functional alterations of the aging bladder both in men and women adding new insights in order to optimize therapeutic options for the treatment of aging bladder in daily practice and improve patients quality of life.

This is the only book entirely devoted to the sensory circumventricular organs. It reviews research into their detailed anatomy, neurochemistry, neural connections, and functions, and provides the reader with many illustrations previously unpublished.

The alternation between urine retention and discharge several times daily from a nappy to the cessation ofall vital functions only becomes the subject baby's first wet of greater attention if the harmony of the structure and function of the bladder is disturbed. Functional disturbances of the lower urinary tract are not only of great socio-economic importance, but are also a considerable personal burden for the patient. Hence urinary incontinence is rightly classified as a severelydisabling illness (Hauri 1985). Opinions still differ regarding the morphological basis ofurinary continence.The Terminologia Anatomica (1998) defines a musculus sphincter urethrae internus (in- ternal urethral sphincter) and a musculus sphincter urethrae externus (external ure- thral sphincter),which in the older nomenclature were known as musculus sphincter vesicae and musculussphincterurethrae,respectively.The internal urethral sphincter isascribed apurelyinvoluntaryandthe externalurethralsphincterapurelyvoluntary innervation. The significance of the musculature of the pelvic floor for maintaining urinarycontinence has notyetbeen ascertained. Duringnumerous urologicaloperations (forinstancetransurethralresectionofthe prostate and bladder neck incisions), the only involuntarily innervated sphincter at the collum vesicae,the internalurethralsphincter,is partiallyorcompletelydestroyed (Fig. 27C,D).All the patients remain continent as long as the externalurethral sphinc- ter remains intact.Howcan apurelyvoluntarilyinnervated sphincterlikethe external urethral sphincter ensureconstant continence in such cases? Improving the continence rate after radical surgery is a key topic of urological research. The incontinence rate after radical prostatectomy is still between 8.1% (third-degree incontinence) and41.4% (first- to second-degree incontinence; Rudyet al. 1984; Igel et a1.1987; Schroderand Ouden 1992).

The 1973 WHO classification of bladder tumours anticipated a probable need for eventual revision of the criteria for diagnosing papillary and flat bladder neoplasia. A workshop sponsored by the WHO consisting of pathologists, urologists, cytologists, oncologists and basic scientists interested in bladder tumours addressed this subject, and after a follow- -up meeting sponsored by the International Society of Urological Pathology, the classification and terminology used in this text were agreed upon. A major change is in the introduction of a new category: papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential. Many of the tumours previously designated as papillary transitional cell carcinoma, grade I now fall into that category. Another major change is in the designation of flat lesions, and this includes a definition of carcinoma in situ. Furthermore, a number of variant forms of urothelials carcinomas are included as well as new entities not recognized when the 1st edition was issued.

Pediatric and Adolescent Urologic Imaging provides a comprehensive reference for health care providers of children and adolescents with urologic conditions. This is the first book in which each chapter is written collaboratively by at least one author from each specialty. This unique approach melds the expertise of each specialist and offers it to the reader in a manner aimed at reinforcing the integration of clinical information to radiologic imaging. The book is arranged into two sections allowing for easy access to the information. The first section covers the principles of each radiologic modality as well as radiation safety and the history of uroradiology. The second section integrates the lessons of the first section into specific urologic conditions arranged anatomically and includes additional unique conditions. Pediatric and Adolescent Urologic Imaging is a key reference for pediatric urologists and radiologists as well as primary care providers, general urologists and radiologists, fellows, residents, medical students, and mid-level providers.

This is the first revision book to be published specifically for candidates sitting the FRCS(Urol) examination, which tests the required standard of a recognised Urology specialist. It provides a selection of common clinical scenarios together with a guide to answering the FRCS(Urol) questions. Each chapter is written by Consultant Urological Surgeons or Senior Urology Trainees who have already been successful in passing the examination. This second edition responds to continual changes in practice: The chapters on urological cancers including prostate cancer, bladder cancer and renal cancer have important updates due to emergence of new evidence and changes in NICE, EAU and AUA guidelines. Substantial revisions to other sections such as paediatric urology, female urology, urinary stone disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia and uro-technology to meet standards of current best practice. Adds an extra chapter on the TNM classification of urological cancers. The book remains an invaluable revision tool for the FRCS(Urol) and will also be useful for individuals sitting the FEBU and equivalent postgraduate urological examinations in the USA, Australia and Asia. Established consultants will also find value in the text as a 'refresher' in areas outside their subspecialist interest.

This classification is based primarily on the presence of morpho- logically identifiable cell types and growth patterns that can be correlated with the clinical behaviour of the tumour and, in some cases, with tumour markers in the serum. Although some of the histological terms and definitions have histogenetic impli- cations, this classification is not meant to be histogenetic. The terminology adopted for individual tumours is based on their general acceptance and world-wide usage. Synonyms are includ- ed only if they have been widely used in the literature or if they are considered helpful in understanding the lesions. Controver- sial histogenetic terms have been avoided whenever possible. The term tumour is used synonymously with neoplasm. The term tumour-like is applied to non-neoplastic lesions which clin- ically or morphologically resemble neoplasms; they are included in this classification because of their importance in differential diagnosis. Because of the many similarities between testis tumours and those of the ovary, an attempt has been made to follow the WHO histological typing of ovarian tumours. Histological Classification of Testis Tumours 1 Germ Cell Tumours 1.1 Precursor lesions - intra tubular malignant germ cells 1.2 Tumours of one histological type (pure forms) 1 1.2.1 Seminoma ...906113 1.2.1.1 Variant - Seminoma with syncytiotrophob- stic cells 1.2.2 Spermatocytic seminoma ...9063/3 1.2.2.1 Variant - Spermatocytic seminoma with sarcoma 1.2.3 Embryonal carcinoma ...9070/3 1.2.4 Yolk sac tumour ...907113 Polyembryoma ...

This book contains a compilation of papers based on pres entations made at the International Symposium on Penile Disorders held in Hamburg, Germany, 26-27 January 1996, under the Chairmanship of Hartmut Porst. This was a unique conference in that it comprehensively addressed various disorders that affect the organ situated at the "center of the male," the penis. As an important beginning, the sociocultural aspects of the erect phallus were presented by G. Wagner from Copen hagen. The anatomy of the penis and the physiological con ditions of erection were then discussed by K. -P. J Unemann from Mannheim, Germany. Previous conferences on the penis had concentrated only on specific areas of disease such as impotence. However, it became readily apparent that at this conference something new for almost every as pect of disease would be discussed, including congenital disorders such as hypospadias and epispadias, sexually transmitted and noninfectious dermatological diseases, and congenital and acquired penile curvatures and penile fractures. An excellent presentation of managing penile cancer by stage related therapeutic decision was presented by S. C. MUller from Bonn, Germany. There is no better per son to present a discussion of Peyronie' s disease in 1996 from a historical and management perspective than J. Pryor from London, UK. This same degree of expertise was also demonstrated by I. Saenz de Tejada from Madrid, Spain, re garding priapism."

Cryptorchidism remains a common but poorly understood anomaly affecting 2%-5% of children. Major controversies exist over the timing and type of treat ment (i. e. surgical vs hormonal therapy) and whether intervention prevents sub sequent infertility and testicular cancer. Part of the dilemma is caused by lack of understanding of the normal process of descent, despite intensive research and study since the eighteenth century, when Hunter and von Haller first described the gubernaculum (caudal genito-inguinal ligament) and processus vaginalis (Williams and Hutson 1991a). More needs to be known, not only of the normal mechanism, but also of the ways that it can be deranged to produce undescended testes. This review describes the recent results of studies on normal descent, with emphasis on our studies of the different stages of descent. As the reader will appreciate, the ever-more complex models proposed to account for normal tes ticular descent predict that undescended testes will be caused by a multitude of anomalies affecting different stages of the process. A description is given of current hypotheses of the aetiology of cryptorchidism, correlating these with studies of cryptorchid animal models. For a more detailed description of the numerous ideas about the mechanism, the reader is referred to Heyns and Hutson (1995) and other monographs (Fonkalsrud and Mengel 1981; Abney and Keel 1989)."

There is now increasing awareness by the general public in European countries that prostate cancer is a serious threat to health, and this has created higher expectations for improved and more effective methods for detecting and treating the disease. However, urologists are very conscious of the limitations of the diagnostic methods that are available and are even more concerned about the apparent lack of therapeutic advances made during the past 50 years since Huggins discovered the fundamental principles of endocrine treatment for is theo prostate cancer. Recent efforts to detect the disease when it retically "curable" have been successful, certainly in the USA, but this has highlighted our uncertainty about the best treatment for early stage prostate cancer, and there is no doubt that radical pro statectomy is sometimes carried out on men who may not be threa tened by their illness. While it is generally accepted that many men with prostate cancer will die of old age rather than this malignancy, it cannot be ignored that this disease kills many others in a process that is frequently lingering, miserable, and humiliating, not only for the victim but also his family. There are many important issues about prostate cancer that remain unclear at the present time, some of which are addressed by the reviews in this book. The debate about early detection and screening can arouse considerable heat in otherwise placid urological mee tings."

Erectile dysfunction is a complex syndrome associated and determined by several separate vascular and nonvascular factors. In recent years, the evolution of noninvasive vascular technology used to investigate macro- and microcirculation in vascular disorders has produced a large amount of information and increased our knowledge of vascular pathophysiology. Andrea Ledda and his clinical research group, well known to their international colleagues, describe new developments in andrology and stress the importance of vascular disorders in erectile dysfunction. This volume will be very useful to andrologists, vascular surgeons, and angiologists, and to all specialists interested in the diagnostic evaluation of erectile disorders and varicocele.

Fibrin sealant is used for numerous indications in gynecology, especially for the McIndoe Operation and Cohn biopsy, the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz-Hirsch-Stoll-Operation, urethrocysopexy, or in vitro fertilization for embryo transfer. The use of fibrin sealant in urology has also been extended, especially in operations of the spermatic cord, reconstruction of the urethra and closing of nephrotomies.

Dr. Hans-Peter Schmid has addressed in this monograph the basic dilemmas surrounding prostate cancer. These dilemmas include the 40 % histologic incidence of invasive cancer in men in comparison to a 3 % death rate, the extraordinary slow doubling time of four to five years for untreated early clinical stages (T1 and T2 cancers), the limited life span of even healthy men over 70 years of age, and the national and international debates of how to treat this cancer. It is important, however, to recognize that despite these uncertainties, prostate cancer is probably the most predictive of all human solid tumors. Dr. Schmid has addressed the basis for much of this predictability in this monograph. The level of serum PSA and its rate of increase in the untreated patient with a prostate size of less than 50 grams is undoub tedly the most useful of all measurements in predicting volume and grade of the cancer, but it is closely followed by assessment of the extent and percent of grade 4 and 5 cancer in six systematic, spatially separated biopsies. Estimating the amount of suspected cancer on digital rectal examination by assigning a clinical stage is useful, but far less quantitative than PSA and systematic biopsies. The Basel series in this monograph adds strong support to these basic concepts. April 1994 ThomasA. Stamey, M. D. Professor and Chairman Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California, USA v Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V I. 1 Introduction and overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."

With mesh surgery for prolapse sometimes proving problematic, there has been a resurgence of professional medical interest in more traditional methods for the management of prolapse and of stress urinary incontinence. This concise guide to the practical aspects of pessary use will be of interest to all gynecologists involved in the clinical management of the patient with these problems. Contents: Historical review * Pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse * Incontinence pessaries * Pessary fitting * Pessary care * Outcomes of pessary use * Current clinical studies on vaginal pessaries Cover image of vaginal pessaries (c) 2019 Rick Hicaro, Jr., Chicago, IL 60647, USA

Divided into five sections focusing on perioperative, surgical, pediatric, endoscopic and laparoscopic, and miscellaneous complications, this guide supplies state-of-the-art strategies for the identification, prevention, and management of the myriad complications that can arise during urologic surgical treatment. With contributors from leading health centers across the United States, this source reviews the potential complications of the latest laparoscopic procedures, as well as those related to systemic conditions.

Although impotence may be the most widely recognized manifestation of male sexual dysfunction, many other forms of sexual disorders do not involve the erectile mechanism, from deficiencies of desire to disturbances in ejaculatory function to the failure of detumescence. With such a myriad-and often co-existing-number of disorders, the successful treatment of male sexual dysfunction requires not only a thorough understanding of the underlying physiology and pathophysiology, but also the coordinated efforts of multiple specialties, including endocrinology, andrology, urology, radiology, sex therapy, and even sometimes psychiatry, cardiology, or oncology. Male Sexual Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and Treatment presents the collective expertise of more than 60 international authorities in a single landmark text. From foundations in the anatomy of the male genital tract to the latest neuroimaging data, readers will appreciate the comprehensive information detailing the tremendous advances made in the delineation of sexual function and its disorders as well as the expert descriptions of practical and cost-effective medical, surgical, and psychological strategies for the treatment of all forms of male sexual dysfunction.

Offering an authoritative collection of chapters from clinicians and researchers in the United States, Canada, and Europe, this reference comprehensively covers the latest understanding in the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of sexual dysfunction.

Depend on Hinman's for up-to-date, authoritative guidance covering the entire scope of urologic surgery. Regarded as the most authoritative surgical atlas in the field, Hinman's Atlas of Urologic Surgery, 4th Edition, by Drs. Joseph A. Smith, Jr., Stuart S. Howards, Glenn M. Preminger, and Roger R. Dmochowski, provides highly illustrated, step-by-step guidance on minimally invasive and open surgical procedures, new surgical systems and equipment, and laparoscopic and robotic techniques. New chapters keep you up to date, and all-new commentaries provide additional insight from expert surgeons. Provides access to procedural videos online, including Percutaneous Renal Cryotherapy, Greenlight Photovaporization of the Prostate, Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate, Cryoablation of a Renal Tumor, and Sling Procedures in Women. Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, videos, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Features 10 new chapters, including Radical Cystectomy in the Male, Robotic Urinary Diversion, Laparoscopic and Robotic Simple Prostatectomy, Transrectal Ultrasound-Directed Prostate Biopsy, Transperineal Prostate Biopsy, Prostate Biopsy with MRI Fusion, Focal Therapies in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer, Brachy Therapy, Male Urethral Sling, and Botox Injection for Urologic Conditions. Includes new commentaries in every chapter from today's leading urologists. Offers a step-by-step incremental approach, highlighted by new illustrations, photos, and images. Keeps you current with significant revisions to all female sling chapters, urethroplasty chapters, and more. Helps you find what you need quickly with a clear, easy-to-use format - now reorganized to make navigation even easier.

This monograph gives an excellent review of the issue of antimicrobial prophylaxis in urol ogy and the use of the new fluoroquinolones in urology. The development of the fluoro quinolones has had a profound effect in urology, specifically because of the unique phar macokinetics of the fluoroquinolones with their two or more pK values, making concen tration of these compounds possible in the prostate. Their wide spectra against infecting organisms causing infections in the urinary tract have also made them popular and almost ideal in the treatment of urinary tract infections. This thesis summarizes in an concise way and brings up to date practically all our know ledge concerning the use of fluoroquinolones in urology. The chapter on antimicrobial prophylaxis covers our present knowledge completely, especially concerning the use of these drugs in antimicrobial prophylaxis in transurethral surgery. September 1992 PaulO. Madsen Madison, Wisconsin, USA v Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1. Author's Publications Referred to in Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2. Historical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 3. Problems of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 D. General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1. 1. Bacteriuria and urinary tract infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1. 2. Bacteremia and septicemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1. 3. Nosocomial infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 1. 4. Wound infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. 2. Pathophysiology of Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. 3. Specifics of Antimicrobial Agents to be Used in Prophylaxis . . . . . . . . . . 6 2. 4. Role of Quinolones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2. 4. 1. Antimicrobial activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2. 4. 2. Pharmacokinetic properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."

This monograph deals primarily with the kidneys, ureters, and urinary blad der. The kidneys are retroperitoneal structures that parallel the psoas muscle. The left kidney is usually slightly higher than the right and is slightly more medially located. The vertical axis of the kidneys, when compared with the midline, is about 20 Degrees. There is often considerable mobility of the kidneys as a result of respiration and body position. Several centimeters of excursion have been demonstrated on deep inspiration or in the upright position. During late embryological development, each kidney occupies the flank region, capped by the liver on the right side and the spleen on the left. Abnor malities of the liver and spleen can affect the position of the kidneys. Also, retroperitoneal masses may displace the kidney. A palpable abdominal mass which radiographically may appear to be an intraperitoneal structure can be accurately localized as a retroperitoneal tumor by observing displacement of the kidney, particularly if the kidney is pushed caudally and medially, superi orly and laterally, or medially. Anomalies of the kidneys include abnormal position, abnormal number, changes in shape, and alterations in the inner structure that may affect the renal parenchyma, the pelvocalyceal systems, or both.

Probleme bzw. Funktionsstorungen im Blasen- und Beckenbodenbereich sind weit verbreitet. Sie reichen von ungewolltem Urinverlust, Blasenentleerungsstorungen bis hin zu Schmerzen in kleinem Becken und Kreuz.

Die Integraltheorie, abweichend von traditionellen Lehrmeinungen, berucksichtigt gesamtheitlich alle beteiligten Strukturen des Beckenbodens und setzt sie in Beziehung zu deren Funktionen. Sie fusst auf dem Gedanken Rekonstruktion der Form und Struktur ermoglicht die Wiederherstellung der Funktion." Fur das Verstandnis der dahinterstehenden Theorie sind anatomische und physiologische Grundlagen aus spezieller integraltheoretischer Sicht bedeutungsvoll.

Die Autoren des Buches, Begrunder der Integraltheorie, fuhren in leicht verstandlicher Weise durch funktionelle Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathophysiologie. Physikalische Begriffe sowie die nuchterne Theorie werden vereinfacht und einleuchtend erklart. Kenntnisreich und detailliert erlautern sie die praktische Anwendung in Diagnostik und rekonstruktiver Beckenbodenchirurgie.

Mit uber 300 farbigen Abbildungen, die den Text hervorragend erganzen."

Ihaltsverzeichnis.- I Allgemeiner Teil.- 1 Psychische Unterstutzung und Selbsthilfegruppen.- 1.1 Psychischer Unterstutzungsbedarf.- 1.1.1 Angst.- 1.1.2 Depressionen.- 1.1.3 Psychosoziale Betreuung.- 1.1.4 Sexualberatung.- 1.1.5 Beeinflussung des Tumorleidens durch Psychotherapie.- 1.1.6 Fatigue.- 1.1.7 Aufklarung.- 1.1.8 Aufgaben der Rehabilitationsklinik und des Rehateams.- 1.1.9 Aufgaben der Seelsorge.- 1.1.10 Angehoerige und Angehoerigenbetreuung.- 1.1.11 Vorsorgevollmacht - Patientenverfugung.- 1.1.12 Gesundheitstraining.- 1.1.13 Assessment, Verlaufsbeurteilung und Evaluation.- 1.2 Selbsthilfegruppen.- Literatur.- Internet.- 2 Soziale Hilfen.- 2.1 Hilfen von Beratungs- und Betreuungsinstitutionen.- 2.2 Hilfen und Beratungsangebote durch die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen.- 2.3 Anspruch auf Leistungen der Pflegeversicherungen.- 2.4 Beratungsstellen fur Krebsbetroffene.- 2.5 Nachteilsausgleiche, Vergunstigungen fur Schwerbehinderte.- 2.6 Eigenleistungen des Patienten, Zuzahlungen.- 2.7 Hartefallbestimmungen, Sonderfallregelungen, unzumutbare finanzielle Belastungen bzw. Wegfall von Zuzahlungen.- 2.8 Lebensversicherung.- 2.9 Voraussetzungen zur Durchfuhrung von Rehamassnahmen.- 2.10 Koordination und zeitlicher Ablauf der Rehabilitationsmassnahmen.- 2.11 Stationare Rehabilitationsmassnahmen, Anschlussheilbehandlungen und Kuren.- 2.12 Teilstationare Rehabilitationsmassnahmen/ambulante Rehabilitationsmassnahmen.- 2.13 Zugangswege zur Rehabilitation.- 2.14 Stationare und ambulante Hospiz- und Palliativdienste.- 2.15 Assessment.- 2.16 Qualitatssicherung.- 2.17 Wichtige Adressen.- Literatur.- 3 Berufliche Hilfen.- 3.1 Arbeit und Rehabilitation.- 3.2 Karzinogene Substanzen am Arbeitsplatz.- 3.3 Beurteilung der beruflichen Leistungsfahigkeit - Die sozialmedizinische Begutachtung.- 3.4 Berufliche Reintegrationshilfen.- 3.5 Mindestvoraussetzungen fur eine Rente.- 3.6 Altersteilzeit.- 3.7 Rente auf Zeit.- 3.8 Rentenberatung.- 3.9 Assessment und Evaluation.- 3.10 Wichtige Adressen.- Literatur.- II Spezieller Teil.- 4 Mammakarzinom.- 4.1 Nachsorge.- 4.1.1 Rezidivprophylaxe (adjuvante Hormon-, Chemo-, Strahlen- und Immuntherapien).- 4.1.2 Diagnostische Routinenachsorgeuntersuchungen mit dem Ziel einer Rezidivfruherkennung.- 4.1.3 Aufklarung der Patientin bei Feststellung einer Krankheitsprogression.- 4.1.4 Rezidivtherapien.- 4.2 Rehabilitative Massnahmen.- 4.2.1 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung der koerperlichen Probleme ("Reha vor Invaliditat").- 4.2.2 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung psychischer Probleme ("Reha vor Resignation und Depression").- 4.2.3 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung sozialer Probleme ("Reha vor Pflege").- 4.2.4 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung beruflicher Probleme ("Reha vor Rente").- 4.3 Palliative Massnahmen.- 4.3.1 Lokale/lokoregionare Probleme.- 4.3.2 Systemische palliative Therapien.- 4.4 Massnahmen zur Qualitatssicherung (Strukturqualitat, Prozessqualitat und Evaluation) palliativer unq rehabilitativer Massnahmen.- 4.4.1 Strukturqualitat.- 4.4.2 Prozessqualitat.- 4.4.3 Evaluation palliativer und rehabilitativer Massnahmen.- 4.5 Wichtige Adressen.- 4.5.1 Brustkrebsinitiativen - Hilfsorganisationen fur Brustkrebs.- 4.5.2 Adressen von Selbsthilfegruppen.- 4.5.3 Verschiedene hilfreiche Adressen.- 4.5.4 Internetadressen.- Literatur.- 5 Ovarialkarzinom.- 5.1 Nachsorge.- 5.1.1 Rezidivprophylaxe (adjuvante Radio-, Chemo- und Immuntherapien).- 5.1.2 Nachsorgeuntersuchungen.- 5.1.3 Aufklarung der Patientin bei Feststellung einer Krankheitsprogression.- 5.1.4 Rezidivtherapien.- 5.2 Rehabilitative Massnahmen im Rahmen der Nachbetreuung.- 5.2.1 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung der koerperlichen Probleme ("Reha vor Invaliditat").- 5.2.2 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung der psychischen Probleme ("Reha vor Resignation und Depression").- 5.2.3 Rehabilitationsmassnahmen zur Verminderung sozialer Probleme ("Reha vor Pflege").- 5.2.4 Reha

Incontinence is still a subject which is rarely discussed. But, since this very common condition can severely impair a person's lifestyle, information about it needs to be made more widely available, both to health professionals and to lay people.;This text describes the nature of incontinence, how it can be managed, and gives information about the aids, equipment and services available to help those affected by this problem. It is a revised version of a book originally published in 1977 under the title - "Incontinence: A Guide to Understanding and Management of a Very Common Complaint". Since the earlier publication the services available to people with incontinence have increased significantly. More doctors and Incontinence Advisers (usually nurses) have expertise in the field, and manufacturers have improved their products. Incontinence can severly affect a person's self-esteem, family relationships and mobility. It is hoped that this book will help educate lay and professional readers about incontinence and how sufferers can be helped.;This book should be of interest to health professionals (doctors, nurses, physiotherapists), social workers, volunteers working with disabled people, lay people.

Computer applications in medical care have been greatly increasing during the last ten years. Combined with other electronic devices, computers can produce images which represent human organ sections. Such a way to get informations on patient organs widely improves di agnosis and surgery efficiency. But we can go through a new step by generating three dimensional models of these organs and by displaying them. Most of research in this area focuses on the visualization process. But, in order to efficiently exploit the data collected and processed by the computer, we need to create a high-level three-dimensional model of the organ to be displayed. An interactive approach to get such a model is described in this paper as the way to use it for the study of kidney anatomy. I. 20 and 30 data visualization in medical care Classical X-ray radiographs give us a projection of human body inner parts, with an enhancement of high-density elements. But they cannot give us a complete view of organs, such as in cross-sections. Recent imaging techniques solve this problem, usually by computing those sections from a set of projections along different directions. Physicians can then get a full examination of organs by using such equipments as X-ray scanners or those producing Mag netic Resonance, ultrasonic or radionuclide images. The information collected on the organ (density, acoustic property, etc."