Computer applications in medical care have been greatly increasing during the last ten years. Combined with other electronic devices, computers can produce images which represent human organ sections. Such a way to get informations on patient organs widely improves di agnosis and surgery efficiency. But we can go through a new step by generating three dimensional models of these organs and by displaying them. Most of research in this area focuses on the visualization process. But, in order to efficiently exploit the data collected and processed by the computer, we need to create a high-level three-dimensional model of the organ to be displayed. An interactive approach to get such a model is described in this paper as the way to use it for the study of kidney anatomy. I. 20 and 30 data visualization in medical care Classical X-ray radiographs give us a projection of human body inner parts, with an enhancement of high-density elements. But they cannot give us a complete view of organs, such as in cross-sections. Recent imaging techniques solve this problem, usually by computing those sections from a set of projections along different directions. Physicians can then get a full examination of organs by using such equipments as X-ray scanners or those producing Mag netic Resonance, ultrasonic or radionuclide images. The information collected on the organ (density, acoustic property, etc."

1 2 Peter Reeve and Lavelle Hanna lSmith Kline & French Laboratories, Research and Development, 709 Swedeland Road, Swedeland, PA 19479, USA 2Department of Microbiology, S-412, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Trachoma, an infectious keratoconjunctivitis due to chlamydial infection, was one of the earliest recognized clinical entities. References to it have been noted in Egyp- tian papyri and in Greco-Roman medical treatises. Since those times it has remained a most important eye infection, and indeed trachoma is still a major cause of blindness in rural communities, affecting probably 6 million people (Dawson). The causal agent of trachoma was identified by Halberstaeter and von Provazek in a much-quoted but little-read paper published over 75 years ago. It was after the isolation and demonstration of the growth of the causal agent of trachoma, Chlamy- dia trachomatis, by Tang and his colleagues in China in the late 1950s that there was an enormous increase in our knowledge of these agents. The real explosion of knowledge and interest in Chlamydia, however, has been in the last decade. With the growing awareness of the extraordinary commonness of chlamydial infections, not only in developing countries but also in the highly developed countries, has come a considerable interest from all areas concerned with medical science, from clinicians to molecular biologists.

What impressed me again about this book was the conception of the book with a marginal zone and the presentation of the individual areas with tables, charts and photos. Manfred Georg Krukemeyer, MD, Department of Surgical Research, Westphalian Wilhelm UniversityMunster"

F. H. Comhaire Many diseases were, at the beginning, merely defined by the description of their clinical appearance. Next, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the diseases were recognized. Since then, the proof of presence of the pathogenic agent or agents has been required to confirm the diagnosis. However, it sometimes happens that the pathogenic agent can be demonstrated without the disease being clinically evident. Confusion arising from this observation may cause endless, often purely emotional discussions between "believers" and "non-believers." Moreover, if the disease involves potential disturbance of male fertility, the problem is further obscured by the difficulty of defining man's fertility. Indeed, during the short history of andrology, the criteria for judging a man and his ejaculate as potentially fertile or infertile have repeatedly changed. Andrological "landmarks" in general do not hold up for long, and some scientists continue to set themselves the task of proving the "old" definitions invalid. Certainly, such developments are necessary to make science more exact and to improve medical care. However, while this research is being done, the male partners of barren marriages continue to seek advice and treatment. Common sense and an empirical approach in the handling of these cases may result in obviously encouraging results, which non-believers will ascribe to "witchcraft" and believers will see as confirmation of their opinions.

Why another dermatology text? In 1973, when Drs. Nasemann and Sauerbrey wrote the introduction to the first edition of Haut krankheiten und venerische Infektionen. they addressed this question. They promised their book would be concise and profusely illustrated to best teach the fundamentals of dermatology. The German text, now in its fourth edition, has been widely successful. In undertaking an American revised translation of their work, it was my hope to meet a need in the English-language literature similar to that met by the German text. I believe that both students and non dermatologic physicians will find this volume a useful introduction to the art and science of treating skin disorders. The practice of dermatology differs from country to country. This text is therefore not simply a translation, but an adaptation that incorporates much new material. In the pages that follow, I have built on the successful framework of the German text, incorporating its excellent photographs and other teaching aids. Discussion of therapy has been extensively revised to reflect current practice in the United States. Original chapters on male infertility and proctology (two dermatologic domains in Germany) are not included in this book. They have been replaced by wholly new chapters on cutaneous surgery and tropical dermatology. We are grateful to Ronald G. Wheeland, M.D., for contributing the surgical chapter.

UTIs affect a large proportion of the world population and account for significant morbidity and high medical costs. This comprehensive and authoritative volume on infections of the urinary tract covers the range of the field, from molecular pathogenesis to the host response to clinical diagnosis and management.

Das urologische Gutachten - fur jeden Urologen, der Begutachtungen vornimmt, ein Muss

Dieses Buch ist Einfuhrung und Nachschlagewerk in einem.

-Juristische Grundlagen der verschiedenen Gutachtenbereiche,

-praktische Durchfuhrung und

-Abrechnung des Gutachtens

werden ausfuhrlich und handlungsorientiert dargestellt.

Unfallversicherung, Rentenversicherung, Versorgungswesen, Arzthaftrecht: alle fur den Gutachter relevanten Rechtsbereiche werden in den ausfuhrlichen Kapiteln zur Begutachtung aller relevanten urologischen Erkrankungen berucksichtigt.

In diesem Buch finden Sie Entscheidungshilfen fur die Erstellung auch kniffliger Gutachten:

-authentische Fallbeispiele inklusive aller wichtigen Befunde aus Untersuchung, Bildgebung und Funktionsdiagnostik,

-Empfehlungen zur gutachterlichen Bewertung und Diagnostik,

-Tabellen der MdE-/GdB-Werte jeder relevanten urologischen Erkrankung

Daruber hinaus machen auch die im Anhang enthaltenen Gesetzestexte und Gutachtenformulare die zweite Auflage dieses erfolgreichen Werkes zum unentbehrlichen Begleiter jedes Urologen, der gutachterlich tatig ist.

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Das urologische Gutachten - macht das Gutachten zur leichtesten Ubung "

It is not surprising that so much investigation has been undertaken to establish the cause of childlessness, especially when the potentia coeundi of the male is not impaired. As long ago as 1957 the German Society for the Study of Fertility and Sterility was founded, embracing gynecology, andrology, and veterinary medicine. After its inception, meetings conducted in the spirit of its foundation were held every 2 years. This interdisciplinary, coordinated scientific work in the field of human reproduction achieved its value as a result of the stimuli provided by the permanent involvement of veterinary scientists. After about 20 years of activity, the Society adopted a highly differentiated pattern of work-directions in the field of human and veterinary medicine. Since 1976 annual meetings have been held on the topic of animal and human reproduction. These meetings have proved of great value, especially in the area of comparative medicine, and have led to excellent interdisciplinary associations. One of the most evident successes was the first extracorporal fertilization in humans with subsequent embryo transfer and full-term pregnancy. Gynecologists have found that in 40% of cases the cause of undesired childlessness rests with the male, and it is therefore no surprise that also in the field of andrology certain factors concerned with infertility have received great attention.

In this issue of Urologic Clinics of North America, guest editor Dr. Craig V. Comiter brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Urologic Pharmacology. Medical therapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, overactive bladder, and prostate cancer are widely available, and a basic understanding of the pharmacology of existing treatment options are necessary to avoid complications and maximize efficacy associated with patient outcomes. In this issue, top experts in the field provide current clinical information to help urologists effectively and quickly treat patients. Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, medical treatment for urinary tract infections, nutraceuticals and phytotherapy in men's health, hormonal therapy for prostate cancer, medical treatment of female sexual dysfunction, and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on urologic pharmacology, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Kidney stones is a common and ancient disease. Yet, many questions concerning their etiology, treatment, and prevention are still open. The Harnstein-Symposien Bonn-Wien is an organization designed to bring together scientists from the various fields relevant to urolithiasis: medicine, urology, biochemistry, etc. In the framework of this organiza tion an International Workshop was held in Tel Aviv on December 10 and 11 1980 to discuss the various aspects of uric acid lithiasis. Uric acid stones have been known to mankind for thousands of years. Urate-contain ing stones were found in Egyptian mummies and in a three-thousand-year old mummy from Arizona. Evidently, with the constant increase in standard of living, associated with increased amount of purine intake, which we are facing in this century, the fre quency of uric acid lithiasis is on the increase. In the second half of this century, signi ficant progress has been made in the knowledge of the mechanisms of uric acid over production, as well as in the understanding of the etiology, prevention, and tretament of uric acid stones. As a result, uric acid lithiasis can be prevented and when present it can be treated well. Moreover most uric acid stones can be dissolved in vivo. This workshop included reviews from some of the leading authorities on the various aspects of uric acid metabolism in man: biochemistry, pathology, renal handling, nutri tion, etc., and these reviews and results of new studies are presented here."

Scientific Advances in Reconstructive Urology and Tissue Engineering is a comprehensive overview of reconstructive urology that spans male and female, pediatric, neuro-urology and trauma. Traditionally, this field has been focused solely on surgical principles with little attention to basic and translational research. However, recent advances in acellular matrices, scaffolds, stem cells and tissue engineering have changed this focus. This publication is the perfect bridge and definitive tome of the advances that will move the translational and basic science of reconstructive urology forward and allow readers to implement the findings in clinical practice. Through the use of both current case studies and future implications, the content bridges the gap from bench to bedside making it the perfect reference for translational benign urology researchers who wish to move the field of reconstructive surgery forward.

Nebenwirkungen der medikamentosen Therapie werden bei eingeschrankter Nierenfunktion ungleich haufi- ger als beim Nierengesunden beobachtet. Grund hier- fUr ist vor allem die nicht ausreichende Kenntnis der bei Niereninsuffizienz veranderten Pharmako- kinetik, die eine verlangerte renale Ausscheidung, aber auch Xnderungen von Resorption, Biotrans- formation und VerteilungsvO.lwnen zahlreicher Substanzen umfaBt. 1m Stadium der Uramie kann schlieBlich auch die Wirkstoffrezeptorbeziehung, d.h. die Pharmakodynamik, alteriert sein, woraus eine verstarkte oder abgeschwachte Medikamenten- wirkung resultiert. Renale Funktionsstorungen als Ursache einer ver- anderten Pharmakokinetik treten nicht nur bei ent- zUndlichen Nierenerkrankungen auf, weitaus haufiger manifestieren sie sich im Gefolge eines langjahri- gen Hypertonus, im hoheren Lebensalter oder aber auch durch operativen oder traumatischen StreB und bei vie len anderen Storungen im Wasser- und Elektro- lythaushalt. Hinzu kommt die wachsende Zahl von Kranken mit irreversiblem Nierenversagen, die ihr Leben allein der regelmaBigen Dialysebehandlung ver- danken. Der 5. Dialysearzte-Workshop, der am 13. und 14. Oktober 1978 in Bad Kissingen stattfand, widmete sich vorwiegend den pharmakotherapeutischen Problemen bei eingeschrankter Nierenfunktion, erorterte aber auch arzneimittelbedingte Schaden der Nieren und die Dia- lysefahigkeit von Pharmaka, ein Problem, das bei einer Reihe von Intoxikationen aktuell ist. Die Referate dieses Symposions mit auslandischen Gasten sind hier in Buchform zusammengestellt. Sie sollen damit einem groBen Kreis von Xrzten nahezu aller Fachdisziplinen zuganglich gemacht werden.

Cytological techniques have greatly improved in the last twenty years, largely as a result of further development of the microscope. Electron microscopy, in particular, has opened up great prospects for the study of cell morphology, while the develop ment of radio-immuno-assay has brought great progress in endocrinology. The applica tion of these two techniques, which are complementary to each other and provide mutually supporting evidence, is the subject of this monograph. The work is divided into two parts. The first deals with the ultrastructure of normal testicular development, describing four main elements of the testicle - the germ cells, the Sertoli cells, the peri tubular connective tissue and the Leydig cell- with details of their individual development. To make the electron micrographs more easily understandable, diagrams have been used to explain the most important points. The second part deals with cryptorchid testicles, including the primary and sec ondary changes involved and morphometric studies of the secondary changes. The significance of these ultrastructural observations for the treatment of cryptorchidism is emphasized. With the aid of radio-immuno-assay the level of testosterone in cryp torchid mice was determined and comparisons drawn between the ultrastructural changes in cryptorchidism in mouse and man. The experimental studies served as a basis for the hypothesis that, in all probability, a congenital disturbance of the hy pothalamo-hypophyso-gonadal axis is responsible for cryptorchidism. I hope that this monograph will contribute towards a better understanding of normal and cryptorchid testicular development and of the etiology of cryptorchidism."

Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management, 2nd edition focuses 100% on the most common problems that can occur during pediatric urologic surgery, and how best to resolve them, ensuring the best possible outcome for the patient. As well as being thoroughly revised with the latest in management guidelines, brand new to this edition are a host of clinical case studies highlighting real-life problems during urologic surgery and the tips and tricks used by the surgeon to resolve issues faced. These will be invaluable for urology trainees learning their trade as well as for those preparing for Board or other specialty exams. Chapters will include problem solving sections as well as key take-home points. In addition, high-quality teaching videos showing urologic surgery in action will be included via the companion website - again proving an invaluable tool for all those seeking to improve their surgical skills. Edited by an experienced and international trio of urologists, they will recruit the world s leading experts, resulting in a uniform, high-quality and evidence-based approach to the topic. Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management, 2nd edition is essential reading for all urologists, especially those specialising in pediatric urology and urologic surgery, as well as general surgeons.

Mammalian Endocrinology and Male Reproductive Biology provides comprehensive and current coverage of the area of endocrinology and male reproductive biology, covering not just humans, but mammals in general. Written by international experts in their respective fields, this multi-author book also covers the latest developments in genomics of androgen action and male infertility. The book begins by covering sexual dimorphism in the central nervous system; structure, control of secretion and function of GnRH; and gonadotropins of pituitary origin and their role in gonadal functions. This is followed by an account of hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis, and the role of apoptosis in this process. Subsequent chapters center around epididymis, regulation of growth and function, and sperm motility regulation. The last chapters in the book discuss the structure and function of male accessory sex glands with associated pathologies as well as recent updates in male contraception, mechanism of androgen action, and genomics of male infertility. Wherever necessary, tables and figures have been added for a better understanding. Each chapter is appropriately referenced and contains current information on the latest developments in the field.

The Fourth Edition of Urodynamics Made Easy provides a concise and user-friendly guide to the principles and clinical practice of urodynamics as applied to the routine diagnosis and management of patients. The emphasis of this book is on the ethos behind the practice of urodynamics and how this needs to be integrated into the evaluation of all patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. It offers clear information presented in a visually appealing and easily accessible format. A great and simple teaching tool that will assist the novice as well as the more experienced practitioner Superbly illustrated in full colour. An invaluable and practical, yet comprehensive, resource for all those interested in growing their understanding of and expertise in pelvic floor diseases. This edition has been completely updated, especially in relation to the electronic urodynamic measuring devices now available. The clinical relevance has also been enhanced. Urodynamics made Easy provides an invaluable source of information to urologists, gynaecologists and urodynamic nurses, and will also be of interest to general surgeons, radiologists and general practitioners.

Sexualit t und ihre St rungen haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten einen tief greifenden normativen Wandel erfahren. Dennoch herrscht ein Versorgungsnotstand in der Behandlung sexueller St rungen. Immer mehr Personen w nschen sich Beratung und therapeutische Hilfe. Manche rzte haben jedoch Probleme, sie darauf anzusprechen.

"Sexualst rungen" stellt Diagnostik, Beratung und Behandlung von sexuellen St rungen in den verschiedenen Lebensabschnitten praxisnah dar. Des Weiteren werden sexueller Missbrauch, geschlechtsspezifische Dysfunktionen, Fertilit tsst rungen und forensische Aspekte der Sexualit t thematisiert und neurobiologische Faktoren der Sexualit t diskutiert.

This study guide takes each chapter of Clinical Pediatric Urology: Fifth Edition-without doubt the most well-respected and authoritative book on the subject in the world-and, in the format of a Q & A style, poses the most common questions in that particular area, which those taking the ABU examinations are likely to be tested on. With a foreword from Stephen Docimo, this study guide provides crucial information to a host of urologists in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. This text is a "what you need to know" guide to the kind of issues facing pediatric urologists today. The Kelalis-King-Belman Textbook of Clinical Pediatric Urology Study Guide: contains questions and answers for each chapter of the world's foremost book on pediatric urology correlates with what the ABU will be testing all pediatric urologists in U.S. and Canada on, starting in the summer of 2008, i.e., all areas of pediatric urology contains multiple choice questionnaires at the end of each section

This issue of Urologic Clinics provides the urologist with important updates to better manage patients requiring minimally invasive procedures. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as Focal Therapy in Urology, Advances in Ureteroscopy, New Stent Technologies, and more. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on minimally invasive urology, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews. Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including New Lasers for Kidney Stone Treatment; New Technologies for Treatment of BPH; Technology for 3D Printing and Simulation; Artificial Intelligence: Applications in Urology; Disposable Endoscopes in Urology: Current State and Future Prospects; and more.

In this issue of Urologic Clinics, Guest Editors Alan W Shindel and Tom F. Lue bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Sexual Dysfunction. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as Sexual Wellness in transgender persons; Energy-based Therapies for ED; Oncology Survivorship and Sexual Wellness for Men and Women; Sexual Wellness in Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Patients; and more. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews in Sexual Dysfunction, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews. Contains 16 relevant, practice-oriented topics including Management of Penile Fracture; Physiology of Erection and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction; Stem Cell and Gene-Based Therapy for ED; Management of Priapism; and more.

This comprehensive and authoritative book is written by over seventy of the foremost experts working with the care of transgender and gender expansive patients for gynecologists and those working in neighboring disciplines. Among medical specialists, understanding of the complex reality and medical needs of transgender and gender diverse individuals is still limited. This book offers the opportunity to understand transgynecology in a way that is inclusive and up-to-date, with insights into liaison with specialties such as urology, dermatology, sexuology, physiotherapy amongst others. By contextualising transgender/gender diverse medicine before covering specific issues such as imaging, benign disorders, fertility maintenance, medico-legal concerns and uterine transplantation, this book is truly unique. Aimed at gynecologists, obstetricians, general practitioners, counsellors and all those who work with transgender, non-binary, or gender diverse patients, this book prepares the reader for the prerequisites and subtleties of transgynecology.