The thoroughly updated and revised third edition of Management of Prostate Cancer provides concise and authoritative guidance to today's best therapeutic regimens for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Highlighting the latest major advances in the field, the book includes chapters on the most controversial areas of prostate cancer - screening, chemoprevention, and active surveillance; updated chapters on genetic risk and progression, biopsy schemes, treatment of complications, and comparative treatment outcomes for surgery; and new chapters on risk factors, new markers, nomograms, and focal therapy. This volume also features overviews of new and emerging drugs and treatment paradigms for castrate resistant disease, advances that promise to extend life and perhaps even cure a subset of men with metastatic disease. With its comprehensive illustrations and contributions from renowned experts in the field, Management of Prostate Cancer, 3rd Edition is an invaluable resource for practitioners in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) is one of the most common diseases in older men and it is caused by an histopathological condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Clinical manifestations of BPH include symptoms, signs and sequelae of bladder outlet obstruction caused by the enlarged prostate. Although no longer life-threatening, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe urinary symptoms in the community is high, increasing from 22% among men aging 50-59 years to 45% among those in the seventh decade of life. Male LUTS/BPH Made Easy is a full-color comprehensive reference on the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to Benign Prostatic Enlargement (BPE). Aimed at urologists in residence and training, Male LUTS/BPH Made Easy, updates the reader on the most current treatments and assists in clinical decision making based on the latest evidence."

This short, pithy book - addressed to primary care physicians, will also be invaluable to those studying urology, prior to taking any professional exam. Urological problems are so common as to represent a significant burden for many care physicians and GPs in their everyday practice worldwide. A major concern is how far to go themselves in the diagnosis and treatment of a urological diseases and when to refer the patient for specialist care. Problem Based Urology will provide an easy and user friendly tool to help in decision making on the main urological problems and the most appropriate timing for referral to specialist care. Within each chapter, one or more flow charts will help the reader, step-by-step, to formulate the most likely diagnosis on the basis of findings from medical history, examination and investigations and to start an appropriate first line treatment or to refer the patient to the specialist where appropriate. Each step of the flow chart will be explained in legends consecutively numbered at the bottom of the flow chart diagram. Besides, each chapter will be enriched with tables reporting the most common diseases to be accounted in the differential diagnosis, treatment choices manageable by the primary care physician or GP.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer in men in Western society. A major concern, and an area of intensive research, involves understanding why certain prostate cancers remain localized or indolent, whereas others become aggressive and metastasize. The differences between these cancer types have profound implications for patients and physicians. Indolent d- ease, which grows very slowly, generally does not cause any problems to the patient, whereas aggressive disease requires immediate treatment, the earlier the better. At present, there are no markers that discriminate between these two entities, thus causing a dilemma for the management of patients who have recently been diagnosed. The aim of Prostate Cancer Methods and Protocols is to explore cutting-edge molecular methods that may have the potential to reveal markers of disease for use in more accurate diagnoses of prostate c- cer and, consequently, to lead to new treatment strategies. This book provides a comprehensive collection of both in vitro and in vivo step-by-step protocols currently used by leaders in prostate cancer research, advice on approaches that can be used in the study of prostate cancer, as well as reviews covering areas less amenable to laboratory research, such as environmental factors in prostate cancer, to provide the reader with an overview of the prostate cancer research field as it currently stands.

Male urogenital glands (also named male accessory sex glands) have received relatively little attention from electron microscopists, with the possible exception of the prostate gland. Moreover, even though comparative studies have clearly shown that these glands exhibit species-dependent features, very few studies, scattered over various publications, are available on the urogenital glands of man. This volume, the 11th of the series on Electron Microscopy in Biology and Medicine, presents an unprecedented collection of information on the functional microanatomy and cytoarchitecture of these organs in humans. Through the integration of transmission and scanning electron microscopy with a variety of modern techniques, it documents the most important aspects of the histophysiology of these glands from their development to some pathological alterations. In order to cover some key mechanisms of their cell biology, such as the action of sex hormones, the epithelio-mesenchymal interactions, and the dynamic of the secretory process, reports on human organs have been supplemented by some studies on experimental animals. The outstanding level of the contributions and the quality of the illustrations make this book, which has been compiled by some of the world authorities on the topic, a work of reference for students, scientists, and professionals interested in biomedical foundations of andrology, as well as a stimulus for future research in this exciting and relatively neglected chapter of human reproduction.

"Gay Becker, the leading ethnographer of the infertility experience in the U.S., provides a powerful account of how American women and men think, feel, and talk about their utilization of new reproductive technologies. This book will be required reading for those embarking on the infertility treatment odyssey, as well as for scholars interested in the relationship of gender to technology." --Marcia Inhorn, author of "Infertility and Patriarchy

"This is a very powerful book. It forces the reader to scrutinize his/her own relationships to biology, to parenthood and to normalcy. But Gay Becker's real tour de force goes beyond even this! The deeper accomplishment of her work is that when, in a decade or two, children born through these new reproductive technologies ask the parents why they were born in the first place, they will be able to turn to Becker's book. The answers will be cultural as well as personal, deeply anchored not only in their parents' desires and experiences but also in profound social and technological innovations." --Isabelle Bazanger, author of "Inventing Pain Medicine from the Laboratory to the Clinic

"As a longtime facilitator of infertility support groups, I found The Elusive Embryo to be a fascinating and powerful examination of the cultural forces that shape the experience of being infertile as well as of the relationship between reproductive technologies and the consumers they serve. This is a book that makes you think; it is also one that offers recognition, perspective, and ultimately solace to those undergoing the transforming process of dealing with infertility."--Cecile T. Lampton, M.S.

"What distinguishes this book is its focus on the subjectiveexperience of dealing with infertility and its treatment. The success of Becker's nuanced description of this difficult, emotionally-charged process may be explained by the way in which she brings to bear her own experience of infertility-a masterful exercise in involved detachment." --Simone Bateman, CNS-CERMES

Minimally invasive urologic surgery is revolutionizing how physicians treat many urologic diseases. Laparoscopy in particular has reduced the pain, morbidity, and recovery time for many procedures traditionally per formed through an open incision. Since laparoscopy is now the preferred modality for many benign conditions, the indications have expanded with the technique, so that it is now applied to the management of most urologic cancers. The aim of Laparoscopic U rolo g ic Oncology is to provide the first com prehensive textbook dedicated to the minimally invasive management of urologic cancers. The book is not intended to review the biology of urologic tumors, which is well covered in other texts, but rather their management. In particular, it focuses on surgical technique and the role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of these tumors. It also addresses patient con ditions for which a minimally invasive alternative does not exist. The book is not a surgical atlas, but it does provide a balanced insight into its indica tions, contraindications, and results. Furthermore, the authors compare results to conventional open surgery, discuss controversies, and identify the shortcomings of minimally invasive procedures. In particular, such issues as the adequacy of oncologic results and their morbidity are com pared to those experienced with conventional open techniques. Laparoscopic Urologic Oncology focuses on educating both general urologists and urologic oncologists on the current and future role of laparoscopy and other minimally invasive techniques in urologic oncology.

The twenty-first century will be the era of the market economy, a century char acterized by the penetration of market forces into every social field, even into government activities, education, and medical care. Guidelines for the provision of clinical care have been developed in recent years chiefly in American health-care services, which are the most thoroughly exposed to the market economy. The problem of escalating medical costs in the United States led the government and consumer groups to introduce clinical practice guidelines. Guidelines were introduced to control medical costs and quality. Initially, guidelines were developed mainly on the consumer side, but professionals, too, soon recognized the importance of clinical practice guidelines. The involvement of diverse groups in the development of guidelines has inten sified the need to create and improve scientific methods for drawing up those guidelines. Owing to the development of systematic and structured abstraction methods, evidence-based guidelines have been proposed. Principally, guidelines are a sum mary of published treatments created by statistical analysis of clinical outcomes."

It has often surprised me that in order to study the subject of obstructive uropathy, it is necessary to search through various sections of several urological, surgical and radiological textbooks rather than turn to one work on the subject. It is also true that, even now, many descriptions tend to concentrate on the causative conditions rather than their relationship to the proximal outflow tract, in a way which is predominantly structural and anatomical rather than functional and urodynamic. The subject of obstructive uropathy has changed radically in recent years. Inspired research from several centres has given us great insight into the mechanisms of obstruction and its effects on the outflow tract and nephron. It has been accompanied by the development of new methods of investigation in both the experimental and the clinical field. This book is an attempt to update and distill the subject of obstructive uropathy in one volume. For the purpose of the work, obstructive uropathy is taken to include any condition involving the outflow tract of the kidney, from minor calyces to urethra, which results in obstruction to the flow of urine. Emphasis is on physiology and pathophysiol ogy, function and urodynamics. These considerations should not be thought of as purely theoretical. Far from it. They hold the key to subsequent decisions on diagnosis and management and form the basis for a practical approach to the patient with obstruction. The only details the reader will not find here are descriptions of surgical technique."

The title of this book is a challenge. Anyone with the least knowledge of present day urology will know that there are many very controversial aspects of this subject. Urology is not alone in this unsettled environment for there are similar debates in almost all other aspects of surgery. In addition to the rapid changes in technology, an important part of the explanation for these controversies is simply that more surgeons are prepared to admit that no area of their work is so established that it does not bear further scrutiny and assessment. Argument can be tedious but debate is healthy. This book aims to present material that is debatable: experienced practitioners of each topic explain why an opinion or preference can be sustained. The purist might wish to have these opinions resolved by a well-planned clinical trial, but experience of clinical trials shows that they do not always produce results that are easily translated into a positive change in clinical practice. Would the reader be persuaded more by a statistically significant difference or by an experienced clinician who has reached certain conclusions? Both are risky, but since surgical techniques are often not easily converted into appropriate studies or trials the Editors have obtained the best opinion on each controversy and innovation. The media adore controversy for its own sake. The medical profession accepts controversy but knows that few events in medicine are absolute and few procedures can be done only by one method.

This volume, focusing on the ureter and the diseases which involve it, is an updated second edition. Many journals and textbooks deal with the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and therapy of derangements of the urinary tract. In most instances, however, the discussion properly centers on the disease process itself and its primary aspects, with only a tan gential description of effects on the ureter. The editor is therefore correct that the ureter itself should be considered a major organ. Though it has been regarded in the recent past as a simple muscular tube, reacting to stretching or filling by contraction, this simplistic view of ureteral phys iology is changing fast. With expanded knowledge of ureteral physiology, a pharmacology is developing which is becoming useful to the clinician in many ways. One of the most interesting aspects of the ureter is its role in inducing the permanent kidney, the metanephros. Relatively slight displacements in the origin of the ureteral bud result in ectopic ureteral orifices and a wide range of congenital anomalies. An ureteral bud which arises medial to the normal position at the genu of the mesonephric duct results in a lateral, and usually incompetent, ureterovesical junction after the duct is taken up to form a portion ofthe trigone. This appears certainly to be the developmental mechanism which results in primary reflux."

This treatise commemorates the 32nd anniversary of the first successful allogenic kidney transplant in a human being and the beginning of a con tinuing challenge for well over a generation of anesthesiologists. If compari sons can be permitted, this epoch-making event can be ranked with the first pulmonary lobectomy and subsequently the initial ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus in the late 1930s when thoracic and cardiac surgery began. Was it merely a coincidence that brought these events to the fore so close upon one another after many years of ideation and frustration? Not so, according to Lewis Thomas, for this was the time of medicine's second revolution-its transformation from an empirical art into a powerfully effective science. The remote Galenic conception of disease with its emphasis on disturbed body humors was about to be supplanted by effective therapeutics, as signified by the introduction of the sulfonamides and antibiotics for the specific treatment of infection. Anesthesiology had been dormant up to that era, still relying upon a few agents, more or less utilized from the beginning, and purveyed by a handful of specialists who had not yet begun to ask the scientific questions necessary for their maturation into a bona fide discipline. However, anesthesiology was in evitably caught in the ferment, for as Peter Caws observed, "It serves to re mind us that the development of science is a step-wise process: nobody starts from scratch and nobody gets very far ahead of the rest."

Urinary incontinence is becoming an increasingly dominant condition in daily urological and gynaecological practice, although the total number of patients suffering from the different forms ofincontinence remains unclear. An estimated figure for The Netherlands, with a population of 14 500000, has been given as between 500000 and 600000 patients, showing that approximately 4 % of the total population suffer from this condition, the majority being female. The impact ofthis number is tremendous, not only regarding health care costs, but even more with regard to the psycho-social consequences. It is obvious that continuing efforts must be made to under stand more fully the different forms of urinary incontinence. An exact diagnosis is the first step necessary for adequate therapy. We all know how disastrous it can be to institute inappropriate treatment as a consequence of misunderstanding the proper aetiology in each individual case. What has happened in the past 15 years? During that time we have developed sophisticated machinery to diagnose in more detail the exact ori gin of each type of urinary incontinence, and on entering a urodynamic laboratory, one is struck by the complexity of measuring equipment. But how reliable are all these measurements and how can they be translated into an effective therapy? This still remains one ofthe major problems, although continuing progress has been made and will be made by the research work of many experts in the field of urinary incontinence."

The most comprehensive textbook in the field edited by the founding father of endourology returns for a new edition. In full colour throughout and packed with surgical teaching videos, this is an essential purchase for all urologists wishing to master their skills.

A single referral source to find images and information concerning all pathological entities in the field of genitourinary pathology, this book contains gross photos and photomicrographs of virtually every pathologic entity, and variants of those entities, occurring in the following organs or anatomic sites: adrenal, kidney, renal pelvis and ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, testis, spermatic cord and testicular adnexae, penis, and scrotum. The book is lavishly illustrated with images accompanied by text explaining the key diagnostic points to be noted, as well as features that help separate the entity from others included in the differential diagnosis.

This book is designed for practicing pathologists and pathologists in training as well as urologists, GU radiologists, GU radiation oncologists, and GU medical oncologists.

For the generation that reached sexual maturity in the 1960s, the "pill" became synonymous with sexual freedom and started a sexual revolution. For women it meant freedom from the fear of pregnancy, and for men enhanced sexual opportunity. The new era of the pill has nothing to do with fertility, but everything to do with sex. The first orally effective prescr- tion drug for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) was marketed in 1998. (R) Sildenafil (Viagra ) has rejuvenated the aging male veterans of the sexual revolution, forever changed the science of sexual medicine, and tra- formed society's perspective on aging and sex. This class of drugs, known as oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-type 5), is highly effective in the treatment of ED. Since its introduction there has been a much greater awa- ness of ED, its comorbidities, and its effects on the quality of life. In 1997, while preparing to address the Endocrine Society on the occasion of the 92nd American Urological Association meeting, I first looked at the p- clinical studies of sildenafil. I thought "this will change everything" and it clearly has-changing practice patterns in sexual medicine, and the at- tudes of patients, potential patients, and their partners. Two new PDE-type (R) (R) 5 inhibitors, tadalafil (Cialis ) and vardenafil (Levitra ), were first approved by the European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products and subsequently by the Food and Drug Administration in 2003 and 2004.

A unique practice-oriented survey of how the new surgical, analytical, and biomedical advances are being applied to pediatric urology. Here the practicing urologist will find informative, easy-to-read reviews of the modern evaluation of prenatal hydronephrosis, the standard treatment of reflux vs the newer injectable techniques, and the spectrum of hypospadias treatment along with new developments in bladder exstrophy. Additional updated topics include what's new in undescended testis, the evaluation of difficult duplication anomalies, voiding dysfunction and neurogenic bladders, pediatric stone disease, and the developmental problems associated with genitourinary defects.

A team of authoritative urologic surgeons reviews the latest advances in urologic prosthetic surgery and the patient management techniques needed to successfully implement them. These highly experienced clinicians fully describe each technique and process, providing proven guidelines for patient evaluation prior to its use, its surgical implantation, and postoperative treatment of the patient. The topics expertly covered range from injectable materials used in a variety of circumstances to artificial urinary sphincters, from urethral stents, penile implants, testicular and penile prostheses, to the newer penile rigidity systems.

Michael J. Droller, MD and a panel of experienced clinicians bring their strong background in clinical research to bear on the assessment and management of bladder cancer. Their comprehensive discussion summarizes the state-of-the-art in diagnosis and treatment, based on the latest understanding of bladder cancer's epidemiology, carcinogenesis, and tumor markers. Topics of particular interest include the role of genetics and molecular biology in evaluating bladder cancer clinically, the evaluation of the results of systemic treatment in advanced disease, the current status of tumor markers in bladder cancer, and the means for further study in their applicability. Insightful and evidenced-based, Bladder Cancer: Current Diagnosis and Treatment provides active clinicians and clinical investigators with not only a critical survey of the rapidly expanding research in the area, but also a state-of-the-art tutorial on today's optimal assessment and treatment of bladder cancer.

More than fifty full-time urological clinicians and surgeons from the internationally acclaimed Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute describe the most common as well as the most innovative urological procedures from the standpoint of the state-of-the-art, as it is practiced at one of the world's top institutions. Their comprehensive atlas of urological surgery offers a unique marriage of informative text with superb illustrations to provide detailed, step-by-step descriptions of all the regularly performed inpatient and outpatient urological operations, including newer approaches, such as laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgery. Highlights include robotic and laparoscopic prostatectomy, open and lapaoscopic partial nephrectomy, renal transplantation, the male sling, and minimally invasive treatments for urological conditions.

Chronic Prostatitis is a common and debilitating condition affecting 5-12% of men worldwide. The most common form is category III, or Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Cutting-edge clinical research has led to advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis, a group of conditions that is at once extremely common, poorly understood, inadequately treated and under-researched. In Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome, the author provides today's most current information covering the four categories of prostatitis (acute, chronic bacterial, CPPS and asymptomatic inflammation). A diverse international group of contributors that includes urologists (academic, primary care and front line private practice), scientists, psychologists, and pain specialists from the National Institutes of Health provide the reader with novel approaches to helping their patients. The chapters in this important new work cover general evaluation of the prostatitis patient, the approach to acute prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome, evidence behind individual therapies and ancillary topics such as erectile dysfunction, infertility, the link between chronic prostatitis and prostate cancer, male interstitial cystitis and the potential etiologic role of calcifying nanoparticles. Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome offers novel approaches to diagnosing this condition as well as providing ways in which to ease the suffering of the patient with prostatitis.

Half of all women will experience some form of debilitating pelvic disease or discomfort during their lifetime. These will include chronic urinary tract infections, various kinds of incontinence, pelvic floor prolapse, and interstitial cystitis. There has been a tendency to dismiss many symptoms of these disorders as an inevitable consequence of the aging process or, worse still, as indicators of underlying psychological disease. This concise new book suggests a new approach to urinary tract disorders is long overdue. It sympathetically explains what these diseases are and what women can do to get themselves properly diagnosed and treated.