This grammar of English embraces major lexical, phonological, syntactic structures and interfaces. It is based on the substantive assumption: that the categories and structures at all levels represent mental substance, conceptual and/or perceptual. The adequacy of this assumption in expressing linguistic generalizations is tested. The lexicon is seen as central to the grammar; it contains signs with conceptual, or content, poles, minimally words, and perceptual, and expression, poles, segments. Both words and segments are differentiated by substance-based features. They determine the erection of syntactic and phonological structures at the interfaces from lexicon. The valencies of words, the identification of their semantically determined complements and modifiers, control the erection of syntactic structures in the form of dependency relations. However, the features of different segment types determines their placement in the syllable, or as prosodies. Despite this discrepancy, dependency and linearization are two of the analogical properties displayed by lexical, syntactic and phonological structure. Analogies among parts of the grammar are another consequence of substantiveness, as is the presence of figurativeness and iconicity.

This book documents modern Baba Malay, a critically endangered Austronesian-based contact language with a Sinitic substrate. Formed via intermarriage between Hokkien-speaking male traders and indigenous women in the Malay Peninsula, the language has less than 1,000 speakers in Singapore and less than 1,000 speakers in Malacca, Malaysia. This volume fills a gap for reference grammars of contact languages in general. Reference grammars written on contact languages are rare, and much rarer is a reference grammar written about a critically endangered Austronesian-based contact language. The reference grammar, which aims to be useful to linguists and general readers interested in Baba Malay, describes the language's sociohistorical background, its circumstances of endangerment, and provides information regarding the phonology, parts of speech, and syntax of Baba Malay as spoken in Singapore. A chapter that differentiates this variety from that spoken in Malacca is also included. The grammar demonstrates that the nature of Baba Malay is highly systematic, and not altogether simple, providing structural information for those who are interested in the typology of contact languages.

This work comprises a collection of the writings of Ruqaiya Hasan, an influential figure in the systemic functional linguistic learning school. It discusses the relation between text and context and the realization of context in language; the 'network', which is outlined as analytic tool which can be applied at two strata of language, the lexico-grammatical and the semantic; as well as aspects of the social structure that are implicated in the way cultures and subcultures express themselves.

This set includes two essential resources for writers and editors: The Copyeditor's Handbook, now in its fourth edition, and The Copyeditor's Workbook, the new companion to the bestselling Handbook. Unstuffy, hip, and often funny, The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications has become an indispensable resource both for new editors and for experienced hands who want to refresh their skills and broaden their understanding of the craft of copyediting. This fourth edition incorporates the latest advice from language authorities, usage guides, and new editions of major style manuals, including The Chicago Manual of Style. It registers the tectonic shifts in twenty-first-century copyediting: preparing text for digital formats, using new technologies, addressing global audiences, complying with plain language mandates, ensuring accessibility, and serving self-publishing authors and authors writing in English as a second language. The new edition also adds an extensive annotated list of editorial tools and references and includes a bit of light entertainment for language lovers, such as a brief history of punctuation marks that didn't make the grade, the strange case of razbliuto, and a few Easter eggs awaiting discovery by keen-eyed readers. The Copyeditor's Workbook: Exercises and Tips for Honing Your Editorial Judgment-a new companion to the Handbook-offers comprehensive and practical training in the art of copyediting for both aspiring and experienced editors. More than forty exercises of increasing difficulty and length, covering a range of subject matter, enable you to advance in skill and confidence. Detailed answer keys and explanations offer a grounding in editorial basics, appropriate usage choices for different contexts and audiences, and advice on communicating effectively and professionally with authors and clients. Whether the exercises are undertaken alone or alongside the new edition of The Copyeditor's Handbook, they provide a thorough workout in the essential knowledge and skills required of contemporary editors.

ACERCA DEL LIBRO: "A Grammar Guide" es una serie para hispanoparlantes que han enfrentado dificultades con la comprension de la lengua inglesa. Esta obra es para personas de cualquier edad y escolaridad que necesitan comprender el idioma escrito, o escribir sus ideas en el mismo. Por medio de presentaciones sencillas entenderas como se organiza la lengua escrita basica, sus elementos fundamentales y el orden de palabras. Asi mismo, aprenderas la funcion de diferentes tiempos gramaticales con ejemplos bilingues funcionales para las diferentes personas gramaticales, que cubren una amplia gama de posibilidades. El dominio de una lengua es una habilidad fisica, a mayor practica obtendras mayor destreza y por lo tanto mayor eficiencia. Lo unico que necesitaras es paciencia y constancia para alcanzar tus objetivos. Necesitaras un auxiliar importantisimo, un diccionario, que te proporcionara el vocabulario que TU necesitas, no el que alguien mas piense que quieres. Te aseguro que con estos dos elementos combinados con tu trabajo cambiaran tu concepcion sobre el idioma ingles y tus posibilidades futuras. Francisco Zamarron ABOUT THE BOOK: "A Grammar Guide" is a book that can be used by English speaking persons to learn basic Spanish to understand it in its written form. You will be able to find grammar equivalences from one language to another through clear examples and practices. All you need is patience and practice to reach your goals. You will need a bilingual dictionary that provides you with the vocabulary you really need. If you combine these two powerful tools you will enlarge your future possibilities. Francisco Zamarron