With a unique combination of alphabetical and descriptive lists, "A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms" provides in one convenient, accessible volume all the rhetorical terms - mostly Greek and Latin - that students of Western literature and rhetoric are likely to come across in their reading or will find useful in their writing. The Second Edition of this widely used work offers new features that will make it even more useful: a completely revised alphabetical listing that defines nearly 1,000 terms used by scholars of formal rhetoric from classical Greece to the present day; a revised system of cross-references between terms; many new examples and new, extended entries for central terms; a revised Terms-by-Type listing to identify unknown terms; and, a new typographical design for easier access.

This volume examines the nature and significance of the reflexive aspect of natural language, its capacity to represent its own structure and use through reported speech and explicit statements about language-use (metapragmatics). It adopts a truly interdisciplinary approach. Part I contains papers outlining the volume's theoretical scope. Parts II and III contain anthropological case studies which show the formal devices behind reflexive usage in a variety of different languages and how they function in cultural life. Finally, Part IV shows the importance of understanding reflexive language in many other areas of the humanities and social sciences, including philosophy, psychology, religious studies, sociology and literary studies. Many of the contributors are senior scholars of international reputation: all are innovative researchers. Cumulatively their work here represents a critique of those researchers in the humanities and social sciences who fail to take language seriously both in the lives of those they study and in their own research practices.

This variant of dependency grammar aims at the formal representation of text contents. The proposal improves on previous descriptions of adjuncts, and word order in general, as well as on the mathematically precise definition of dependency structures. A fragment of German syntax illustrates the formal constructs introduced. The book is of interest to the descriptive and theoretical linguist (because it presents a logical foundation for dependency grammar) and to the computational linguist (because aspects of parsing are an integral part of the grammar theory).

The most important and productive statements on the translation of literature from Roman times to the 1920s are collected in this book. Arranged thematically around the main topics which recur over the centuries - power, poetics, universe of discourse, language, education - it contains texts previously unavailable in English, and translated here for the first time from classical, Medieval, and Renaissance Latin, from French and from German. As the first survey of its kind in both scope and selection it argues that translation commands a central position in the shaping of European literatures and cultures.
DEGREESTranslation/History/Culture creates a framework for further study of the history of translation in the West by tracing European historical thought about translation, and discussing the topicality of many of the texts included.

What really goes on inside a sentence? What is your subject, where is your verb, what is its tense, where is your modifier, and why does it matter? Where do you need a comma, and where do you not? Why are dashes and semicolons so misunderstood? When is it which and when is it that? In The Little Green Grammar Book, Mark Tredinnick asks and answers the tough grammar questions, big and small, with the same verve and authority readers encountered in The Little Red Writing Book. The Little Green Grammar Book does for grammar what The Little Red Writing Book did for style. It will have you writing like a writer in no time.

Written by Bas Aarts, one of Britain's leading grammarians, Oxford Modern English Grammar is a brand new and definitive guide to English grammar. This indispensable handbook covers both British and American English, and makes use of authentic spoken and written examples.
Packed with tables, diagrams, and numerous example sentences, and assuming no prior knowledge of grammatical concepts on the part of the reader, this volume offers an unmatched guide to the structure of contemporary English. Arranged in three clear parts for ease of use, the Grammar's comprehensive coverage ranges from the very basic--such as word structure, simple and complex phrases, and clause types--to the more sophisticated topics that lie at the intersection of grammar and meaning, including tense and aspect, mood and modality, and information structuring. How do words formed by "compounding" differ from words formed by "conversion"? How many verbs in English can take a declarative clause functioning as direct object (ie, "decide that..." or "believe that...")? What is the relationship between a matrix clause and a subordinate clause? What is the present futurate? The past futurate? The present perfect? How does the grammar of English encode such semantic notions as "possibility," "probability," "necessity," "obligation," "permission," "intention," or "ability"? Aarts answers all these questions, clearly and engagingly, deeply enriching the reader's understanding of the English language.
Oxford Modern English Grammar will be invaluable for those with an interest in the English language, undergraduate students of all disciplines, and for anyone who would like a clear guide to English grammar and how to use it.

A straightforward guide to understanding English grammar This book is for people who have never thought about syntax, and who don't know anything about grammar, but who want to learn. Assuming a blank slate on the part of the reader, the book treats English grammar as a product of the speaker's mind, and builds up student skills by exploring phrases and sentences with more and more complexity, as the chapters proceed. This practical guide excites and empowers readers by guiding them step by step through each chapter with intermittent exercises. In order to capitalize on the reader's confidence as a personal authority on English, Understanding Sentence Structure assumes an inclusive definition of English, taking dialect variation and structures common amongst millions of English speakers to be a fact of natural language. Situates grammar as part of what the student already unconsciously knows Presupposes no prior instruction, not even in prescriptive grammar Begins analyzing sentences immediately, with the "big picture" (sentences have structure, structure can be ambiguous) and moves through levels of complexity, tapping into students' tacit knowledge of sentence structure Includes exercise boxes for in-chapter practicing of skills, side notes that offer further tips/encouragement on topics being discussed, and new terms defined immediately and helpfully in term boxes Applies decades of findings in syntactic theory and cognitive science, with an eye towards making English grammar accessible to school teachers and beginning students alike Understanding Sentence Structure: An Introduction to English Syntax is an ideal book for undergraduates studying modern English grammar and for instructors teaching introductory courses in English grammar, syntax, and sentence structure.

A new edition of a successful undergraduate textbook on contemporary international Standard English grammar, based on Huddleston and Pullum's earlier award-winning work, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (2002). The analyses defended there are outlined here more briefly, in an engagingly accessible and informal style. Errors of the older tradition of English grammar are noted and corrected, and the excesses of prescriptive usage manuals are firmly rebutted in specially highlighted notes that explain what older authorities have called 'incorrect' and show why those authorities are mistaken. Intended for students in colleges or universities who have little or no background in grammar or linguistics, this teaching resource contains numerous exercises and online resources suitable for any course on the structure of English in either linguistics or English departments. A thoroughly modern undergraduate textbook, rewritten in an easy-to-read conversational style with a minimum of technical and theoretical terminology.

Anyone writing texts in English is constantly faced with the unavoidable question whether to use open spelling (drinking fountain), hyphenation (far-off) or solid spelling (airport) for individual compounds. While some compounds commonly occur with alternative spellings, others show a very clear bias for one form. This book tests over 60 hypotheses and explores the patterns underlying the spelling of English compounds from a variety of perspectives. Based on a sample of 600 biconstituent compounds with identical spelling in all reference works in which they occur (200 each with open, hyphenated and solid spelling), this empirical study analyses large amounts of data from corpora and dictionaries and concludes that the spelling of English compounds is not chaotic but actually correlates with a large number of statistically significant variables. An easily applicable decision tree is derived from the data and an innovative multi-dimensional prototype model is suggested to account for the results.

Este libro ofrece una introduccion a la diversidad linguistica del mundo hispano. Viajamos de manera virtual desde Espana a America para conocer los principales rasgos linguisticos de cada region y pais. En cada capitulo, el lector puede aprender sobre la pronunciacion, la gramatica, algunas palabras tipicas y todo lo que hace, linguisticamente hablando, diferente a cada pais hispano. Generalmente, el espanol se ve como una sola entidad, destacandose mayormente el espanol de Espana, y olvidandose de la enorme riqueza linguistica que ofrece cada pais y region hispana. Asimismo, en este libro introducimos algunos terminos basicos del estudio de la variacion linguistica, la dialectologia y la sociolinguistica. Ademas de la parte teorica, este libro incluye una variedad de ejercicios practicos e informacion sobre recursos adicionales disponibles en la red. Esta escrito en un espanol apropiado para hablantes de espanol intermedio alto, avanzado o superior (idealmente de tercer ano de carrera en EE. UU.) y para aquellos con o sin conocimientos previos de linguistica.Este libro es el perfecto companero de viaje a Espana o cualquier pais de Hispanoamerica.

Este libro ofrece una introduccion a la diversidad linguistica del mundo hispano. Viajamos de manera virtual desde Espana a America para conocer los principales rasgos linguisticos de cada region y pais. En cada capitulo, el lector puede aprender sobre la pronunciacion, la gramatica, algunas palabras tipicas y todo lo que hace, linguisticamente hablando, diferente a cada pais hispano. Generalmente, el espanol se ve como una sola entidad, destacandose mayormente el espanol de Espana, y olvidandose de la enorme riqueza linguistica que ofrece cada pais y region hispana. Asimismo, en este libro introducimos algunos terminos basicos del estudio de la variacion linguistica, la dialectologia y la sociolinguistica. Ademas de la parte teorica, este libro incluye una variedad de ejercicios practicos e informacion sobre recursos adicionales disponibles en la red. Esta escrito en un espanol apropiado para hablantes de espanol intermedio alto, avanzado o superior (idealmente de tercer ano de carrera en EE. UU.) y para aquellos con o sin conocimientos previos de linguistica.Este libro es el perfecto companero de viaje a Espana o cualquier pais de Hispanoamerica.

Was der Verhaltensbiologie gelungen ist - namlich die Entwicklung von einer beschreibenden zu einer erklarenden Wissenschaft - das sollte auch Ziel der Linguistik sein. Der Autor zeigt auf, wie sich dieses Ziel im systemtheoretischen Rahmen erreichen lasst. Zunachst ist das Grundlagenproblem unzureichender Begriffsdefinitionen und Testverfahren zu loesen, um zu korrekten Beschreibungen und induktiv abgeleiteten Gesetzmassigkeiten zu gelangen. Dadurch lassen sich bereits viele neue Erkenntnisse gewinnen. Sodann kann man fur empirisch ermittelte Sachverhalte nach Erklarungen suchen, die auf allgemeinen Prinzipien oder Erwartungen beruhen. Diese Suche ist unter anderem dann zumeist erfolgreich, wenn sie durch Symmetriebruche und eine konsequente Faktorenanalyse erleichtert wird.

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This accessible and unique approach to grammar comes in two parts: the first section consists of a practical guide on how to understand and use grammar successfully, and the second is an extensive A-Z glossary of grammatical terms. Ideal for both language students and anyone wanting to improve their use of English, it demystifies and explains these terms, while giving expert advice on how to construct sentences. * Chapters on sentences and clauses, nouns and pronouns, verbs, clause patterns, adverbials, multiple sentences, and more * Factboxes and writing tips give examples and clear explanations of problem topics such as adverb formation and the use of 'I and me' or 'so and such' * Diagrams break down passages of text, giving clear explanations on their sentence construction * Glossary terms include conjunction, future perfect 'tense', interrogative clause, is/are, passive voice, simple aspect, split infinitive, uncountable noun

Kleine Texte sind meist multimodale Erscheinungsformen, die in vielerlei Hinsicht unsere Alltagserwartungen an das, was Texte sind und sein koennen, in Frage stellen. In unserem kommunikativen Alltag sind wir umzingelt von zahllosen Kommunikaten, denen wir uns kaum entziehen koennen. Trotz dieser Allgegenwart sind linguistische Untersuchungen zum Thema "Kleine Texte" immer noch rar gesat. Diese Kluft zwischen alltaglicher Relevanz und textlinguistischem (Des-)Interesse soll der vorliegende Band verringern. Die im Band versammelten Beitrage zeigen zum einen verschiedene Zugriffsmoeglichkeiten auf den Gegenstand Kleine Texte und seine begriffliche Eingrenzung. Das Spektrum der Beitrage reicht dabei zum anderen von theoretisch-begrifflichen uber empirische bis hin zu dezidiert angewandten Arbeiten.

Der Modus Konjunktiv ist einer der wichtigsten und komplexesten Modi vieler Weltsprachen. In dieser Publikation werden zwei nicht eng verwandte Sprachen einander kontrastiv gegenubergestellt und miteinander verglichen - das Spanische und das Russische. Primar ist das Ziel herauszufinden, ob sich die beiden untersuchten Sprachen im Konjunktivgebrauch ahneln, wenngleich sie verschiedenen Sprachstammen angehoeren. Es wird untersucht welche Differenzen und UEbereinstimmungen sie aufweisen. Die kontrastive Analyse des Konjunktivgebrauchs erfolgt anhand von Beispielsatzen aus dem Buch des kolumbianischen Schriftstellers Gabriel Garcia Marquez El amor en los tiempos del colera sowie des russischen Schriftstellers Boris Akunin Azazel' (und der entsprechenden russischen und spanischen UEbersetzung).

La sintaxis del espanol proporcionara a los estudiantes universitarios de gramatica espanola, asi como a aquellos cuya concentracion es el espanol, una fundacion solida para los estudios mas avanzados, como un Master o un Doctorado, a traves de un acercamiento directo. Este libro tambien es fundamental para los estudiantes que se especializan en Pedagogia, sobre todo en el campo de la Escuela Secundaria. Finalmente, y para aquellos que no estan en una carrera docente, este texto representa una fuente confiable para sus estudios de la lengua espanola. El objetivo principal de esta edicion es que el libro sea mas accesible para los estudiantes. Para eso hemos destacado las principales dificultades que enfrentan cuando estudian el idioma espanol. Para orientarlos mejor, comenzamos con un "Capitulo preliminar I" sobre los signos diacriticos o los acentos escritos, por lo general, material particularmente dificil para los estudiantes. Ampliamos el "Capitulo preliminar II" agregando explicaciones mas detalladas de todas las diferentes variantes que ocurren en el idioma espanol, como un estudio de cognados en espanol e ingles. Mejoramos todos los capitulos con explicaciones gramaticales mas comprensibles. Tambien agregamos ejercicios nuevos y mas cortos a todos los capitulos. Ademas, anadimos una seccion, "Resumen del capitulo", al final de cada uno que sintetiza el material estudiado. Tambien incluimos en cada uno un "Repaso practico final" que reune las partes mas importantes para que los estudiantes puedan ampliar sus conocimientos de una manera mas facil. Finalmente, tambien agregamos una composicion a cada capitulo. El libro concluye con tres Autoexamenes, uno cada cuatro capitulos y un Apendice sobre la morfologia del sistema verbal espanol.

Ce volume traitant l'analyse cognitive des metaphores d'invention met en exergue la theorie de la metaphore conceptuelle de Lakoff et de Johnson avec celle de l'analogie de Monneret et celle du blending de Fauconnier et de Turner. L'etude s'interesse a la figurativite, a la construction de l'ontologie d'une metaphore, a la motivation du signe linguistique et a la relation entre metaphore et phraseologie. En outre, l'auteur tente de montrer comment l'analyse du substrat cognitif des metaphores dans les textes-sources et dans leurs traductions permet de deployer le transfert d'informations metaphoriques d'une langue a une autre en se basant sur les schemas culturels.