Das Buch bietet eine systematische Untersuchung von Mechanismen der Lizenzierung der Modalpartikeln ja, doch und denn im Deutschen und [ved'], [ze] und [vot] im Russischen in Nebensatzen. Folgende Fragen werden diskutiert: Wie hangt die Lizenzierung der Modalpartikeln im Nebensatz mit semantischen, grammatischen, kommunikativen und pragmatischen Besonderheiten des Matrixsatzes zusammen? Wie sollte die Definition des Phanomens "illokutiv selbststandiger Satz" formuliert werden? Was ist der Grund fur die Verwendung der Modalpartikeln in Nebensatzen? Koennen die Modalpartikeln auch in Nebensatzen in der Funktion von Konnektoren verwendet werden? Was beeinflusst die Lesarten der Modalpartikeln? Wodurch unterscheiden sich die Modalpartikeln in der Konnektorenlesart von Subjunktoren mit entsprechender Semantik?

Spanning the centuries, from the seventeenth to the twentieth, and ranging across cultures, from England to Mexico, this collection gathers together important statements on the function and feasibility of literary translation. The essays provide an overview of the historical evolution in thinking about translation and offer strong individual opinions by prominent contemporary theorists.
Most of the twenty-one pieces appear in translation, some here in English for the first time and many difficult to find elsewhere. Selections include writings by Scheiermacher, Nietzsche, Ortega, Benjamin, Pound, Jakobson, Paz, Riffaterre, Derrida, and others.
A fine companion to "The Craft of Translation, " this volume will be a valuable resource for all those who translate, those who teach translation theory and practice, and those interested in questions of language philosophy and literary theory.

Die Autoren erproben in diesem Buch eine neue Herangehensweise an das Phanomen der Lehnpragung im Tschechischen und Sorbischen. Basierend auf diachronen Korpora und Woerterbuchern wird in vier exemplarischen Studien gezeigt, wie Sprachkontakt und "eigene Entwicklung" miteinander verwoben sind. Zwei Untersuchungen verfolgen die Entwicklung der Valenz ausgewahlter Verben. In zwei weiteren werden die Prafixe pred-/psed- und nad- aus Sicht der Wortbildung charakterisiert. In allen drei Sprachen wird eine unterschiedlich weit fortgeschrittene semantische Strukturanpassung beobachtet. Daher pladieren die Autoren fur eine Integrierung der Lehnpragung in die Darstellung der Wortbildung statt einer Dichotomie zwischen "fremd" und "eigen".

Este volumen es el resultado de un proyecto sobre temas verbales realizado en el Departamento de Linguistica Romanica de la Universidad Tecnica de Aquisgran, inspirado en las experiencias obtenidas en los cursos de linguistica y de practica del idioma. El libro pretende ser un instrumento util para el no iniciado ofreciendo un acercamiento didactico a importantes temas de la gramatica espanola y francesa. Intenta dar explicaciones de fenomenos sincronicos que permitan ampliar y profundizar los conocimientos sobre los diferentes temas linguisticos tratados. Ce volume est le resultat d'un projet sur les themes verbaux realise a l'institut de la linguistique romane de l'universite technique d'Aix-la-Chapelle. L'ouvrage est inspire des experiences faites pendant des cours de linguistique et de pratique de la langue. Le but de ce volume est de presenter la grammaire sous une forme accessible et de familiariser les etudiants avec une approche des structures grammaticales en question. Le livre est un instrument utile pour les etudiants, il leur offre une approche didactique aux grands themes de la grammaire francaise et espagnole. En outre, le livre permet d'augmenter et d'approfondir les connaissances deja acquises, en fournissant des explications concernant des phenomenes au niveau synchronique.

A bona fide publishing phenomenon, Lynne Trussas now classic #1 "New York Times" bestseller "Eats, Shoots & Leaves" makes its paperback debut after selling over 3 million copies worldwide in hardcover.

We all know the basics of punctuation. Or do we? A look at most neighborhood signage tells a different story. Through sloppy usage and low standards on the Internet, in e-mail, and now text messages, we have made proper punctuation an endangered species.

In "Eats, Shoots & Leaves," former editor Truss dares to say, in her delightfully urbane, witty, and very English way, that it is time to look at our commas and semicolons and see them as the wonderful and necessary things they are. This is a book for people who love punctuation and get upset when it is mishandled. From the invention of the question mark in the time of Charlemagne to George Orwell shunning the semicolon, this lively history makes a powerful case for the preservation of a system of printing conventions that is much too subtle to be mucked about with. BACKCOVER: Praise for Lynne Truss and "Eats, Shoots & Leaves":
"Eats, Shoots & Leaves" amakes correct usage so cool that you have to admire Ms. Truss.a
aJanet Maslin, "The New York Times"
aWitty, smart, passionate.a
a"Los Angeles Times Book Review," Best Books Of 2004: Nonfiction
aWho knew grammar could be so much fun?a
a"Newsweek"
aWitty and instructive. . . . Truss is an entertaining, well-read scold in a culture that could use more scolding.a
a"USA Today" aTruss is William Safire crossed with John Cleeseas Basil Fawlty.a
a"Entertainment Weekly"
aLynne Truss has done the English-speaking world a huge service.a
a"The Christian Science Monitor"
aThis book changed my life in small, perfect ways like learning how to make better coffee or fold an omelet. Itas the perfect gift for anyone who cares about grammar and a gentle introduction for those who donat care enough.a
a"The Boston Sunday Globe"
aLynne Truss makes [punctuation] a joy to contemplate.a
a"Elle"
aIf Lynne Truss were Roman Catholic Iad nominate her for sainthood.a aFrank McCourt, author of "Angelaas Ashes"
aTrussas scholarship is impressive and never dry.a
aEdmund Morris, "The New York Times Book Review"

Die Autorin geht der Langackerschen Auffassung der Grammatik als Bedeutung nach. Sie uberpruft empirisch am Beispiel der aquivalenten, deutschen und polnischen Formen der Pronomen, wie sich die schemenhaften Bedeutungen grammatischer Einheiten in individuellen Konzeptualisierungsprozessen konkretisieren und welche Bedeutungsinhalte sie in dem gegebenen sprachlichen Ereignis fokussieren. Die introspektiv-intersubjektive Methode ermoeglicht es, die Verarbeitungsarten der untersuchten Formen der Pronomen aufzudecken, die konzeptuelle Vielfalt der von den ProbandInnen aktivierten Bedeutungsinhalte dieser Formen zu beleuchten, und zu zeigen, dass die Formen der Pronomen prozessual individuell-subjektiv emotionsgepragte Einheiten darstellen.

Gegenstand dieser Monographie ist die kontrastive Untersuchung der deutschen und kroatischen Idiome auf Grund ihrer Merkmale der Expressivitat, Emotionalitat, der Modifizierbarkeit und UEbersetzbarkeit, sowie ihrer Funktionen. Ziel ist es, Idiome im Deutschen und Kroatischen aus mehreren Blickwinkeln in Bezug auf die innere Beteiligung der Autoren in unterschiedlichen Texten zu untersuchen und zu vergleichen. Die Materialbasis bilden journalistische und literarische Texte als Quellen verschiedener Fallstudien.

Plain English is the art of writing clearly, concisely, and in a way that precisely communicates your message to your intended audience. This book offers expert advice to help writers of all abilities improve their written English. With 30 chapters, each centred around a practical guideline, its coverage is extensive, including lessons on vocabulary, punctuation, grammar, layout, proofreading, and organization. There are also hundreds of real examples to show how it's done, with handy 'before' and 'after' versions. All this is presented in a straightforward and engaging way. This new edition has been fully revised, reorganized, and updated to make its content even more accessible. There are new chapters discussing customer-service writing and common blunders in the workplace, while other sections have been amended to update examples and provide easier routes through the book. The chapter on sexism, in particular, has been heavily expanded to advise on the use of inclusive language in general. A new appendix has also been added, summarising the history of plain English from Chaucer to the present day.

"Coop", "Voiello", "Superga" nomi propri? nomi comuni? Come funzionano i nomi commerciali (o marchionimi) nella lingua, quali tratti presentano quando entrano nel discorso? Il volume rappresenta il primo ampio studio sistematico sul funzionamento dei nomi commerciali nell'italiano scritto. Il suo carattere innovativo risiede nell'impostazione sperimentale con cui indaga i marchionimi, scandagliando sintatticamente un vasto "corpus" di dati testuali appositamente elaborato. Prendendo ispirazione ideale dalla lezione di Saussure, i nomi commerciali sono processualmente descritti nei loro valori correlativi: non come entita ontologicamente predefinite, bensi come il risultato di rapporti sintagmatici e paradigmatici da cogliere metodologicamente nell'analisi delle proposizioni in cui tali nomi ricorrono. Ne emerge una visione radicalmente nuova del nome commerciale, scevra da luoghi comuni onomastici o categoriali, e in grado di gettare un fascio di luce, da una prospettiva inconsueta, anche sul problema millenario dei nomi propri.

The Cambridge Guide to Australian English Usage is an up-to-date, evidence-based account of the variable points in Australian usage and style, in alphabetical format. Its description of Australian English uses a wealth of primary sources (linguistic corpora; the internet; public surveys of usage, conducted through Australian Style) as well as the latest editions of English dictionaries, style manuals and grammars. With all this input the Cambridge Guide to Australian English Usage provides in-depth coverage of the currency of alternative usages in spelling, punctuation and word choice in Australia, while showing the influence of British and American English here as well. This book is designed for everyone who writes and edits documents and non-fiction texts, for print or electronic delivery. Tertiary students and staff will get plenty of help from it, as well as professional editors who work with manuscripts of many different authors and commissions from multiple publishers.

The home of trusted French dictionaries for everyday language learning. A unique guide to communicating in French. It will help learners discover expressions and idioms to make their French more natural and fluent, while developing an awareness of French culture. Designed for learners of French of all ages, whether you are learning at school, in evening classes, for business or to go on holiday. The text consists of 250 quirky and interesting French idioms which are arranged into different themes, and are given with simple example phrases to show them in context. Clear and concise language notes provide information on the meaning and background of some idioms, while handy culture notes help explain any cultural differences. Combined with a text which has a selection of illustrations, the Collins Easy Learning French Idioms takes you beyond beginners level and expands your knowledge of frequently-used, natural French expressions. Get it right: key idioms and example phrases help improve your knowledge of real French. Get there fast: clear themes help guide you to the type of idiom you're looking for. Have confidence: a fun, useful guide to common French idioms helps you increase your knowledge of natural French and French culture.

Do you "know" that posh comes from an acronym meaning "port out, starboard home"? That "the whole nine yards" comes from (pick one) the length of a WWII gunner's belt; the amount of fabric needed to make a kilt; a sarcastic football expression? That Chicago is called "The Windy City" because of the bloviating habits of its politicians, and not the breeze off the lake?
If so, you need this book. David Wilton debunks the most persistently wrong word histories, and gives, to the best of our actual knowledge, the real stories behind these perennially mis-etymologized words.
In addition, he explains why these wrong stories are created, disseminated, and persist, even after being corrected time and time again. What makes us cling to these stories, when the truth behind these words and phrases is available, for the most part, at any library or on the Internet?
Arranged by chapters, this book avoids a dry A-Z format. Chapters separate misetymologies by kind, including The Perils of Political Correctness (picnics have nothing to do with lynchings), Posh, Phat Pommies (the problems of bacronyming--the desire to make every word into an acronym), and CANOE (which stands for the Conspiracy to Attribute Nautical Origins to Everything).
Word Myths corrects long-held and far-flung examples of wrong etymologies, without taking the fun out of etymology itself. It's the best of both worlds: not only do you learn the many wrong stories behind these words, you also learn why and how they are created--and what the real story is.

Reviewing key points, this guide to Italian usage is intended for students who have acquired the basics of the language and wish to extend their fluency and confidence. It pays special attention to those areas of vocabulary and grammar which cause the most difficulty to English-speakers, and consideration is given throughout to questions of style and register. The text will be an essential reference for learners seeking access to the finer nuances of the Italian language.

Tod und Sterben gelten in unserer Gesellschaft immer noch als Tabu. Zum Sterben wird gerne auf Institutionen wie Krankenhaus oder Pflegeheim zuruckgegriffen. Durch die Palliativmedizin und den immer starkeren Einfluss der Hospizbewegung andert sich mittlerweile das Bewusstsein fur die letzte Phase des Lebens. Diese Studie betrachtet den Umgang mit den Begriffen Tod und Sterben in der Medizin. Auch werden die damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Begriffe Lebensqualitat, Sterbehilfe und Sterbebegleitung in ihrer historischen Entwicklung thematisiert. Den Abschluss der Arbeit bildet eine ausfuhrliche Betrachtung der historischen und aktuellen Bedingungen einer Kommunikation mit Sterbenden.

This thoroughly revised edition helps those who have already acquired the basics of German and wish to extend their fluency and confidence. Focusing on the particular needs of the English-speaking user, it incorporates important information on recent trends and changes in the German language, including the 1998 spelling reforms, and on style, register and regional variation, which is frequently ignored by conventional textbooks. First Edition Hb (1992): 0-521-42077-6 First Edition Pb (1992): 0-521-31556-5

Providing the student of Italian with an in-depth, structured approach to the learning of vocabulary, this text can be used for intermediate and advanced undergraduate courses, or as a supplementary manual at all levels. The book is made up of twenty units covering topics ranging from clothing and jewellery, to politics and environmental issues. Each unit consists of words and phrases organized thematically and according to levels facilitating their acquisition.

"Sociocultural Contexts of Language and Literacy, Second Edition" engages prospective and in-service teachers in learning about linguistically and culturally diverse students, and in using this knowledge to enrich literacy learning in classrooms and communities. The text is grounded in current research and theory that integrate sociocultural and constructivist concepts and perspectives and provide a framework teachers can use to develop strategies for teaching reading, writing, and thinking to diverse students.
The focus on English literacy development does not imply advocacy for "English only" or ESL as the primary mode of literacy instruction. Rather, the authors take the position that learners need to develop literacy in their native language and that the concepts and skills learned in developing the native language create a foundation of strength from which students can develop English literacy.
Part I introduces relevant research and language learning theories. PartII provides research reviews and information about literacy learning within specific culturally and linguistically diverse communities. The chapters in Part III challenge the reader to view the multiple social, intellectual, cultural, and language differences children bring to the classroom as an opportunity for learning and building on the diversity among students. Activities and suggested readings at the end of each chapter involve readers in reflection, observation, meaning making, and the construction of application processes for their new understandings.
New in the "Second Edition: "
*updated research and theory on multilingual and second language literacy;
*a focus on the interpretation of theseresearch findings to make them useful for teachers and teacher educators in understanding and articulating the research bases for literacy practices;
*attention to current intensely debated issues, such as standards, the phonics movement, and high-stakes testing; and
*new activities and suggested readings.

This volume brings together a selection of articles illustrating the multifaceted nature of current research in generative syntax. The authors, including some of the leading figures in the field, present analyses of typologically diverse languages, with some studies drawing on dialectal, acquisitional and diachronic evidence. Set against this rich empirical background, the contributions address an equally wide range of theoretical issues.

Die Beitrage dieses Buches untersuchen die Vielfalt der Herangehensweisen an die diversen Erscheinungsformen von Sprache, an das Wort und die Wortsemantik sowie an den Gebrauch von Sprache. Der Band enthalt Arbeiten, die linguistische Fragestellungen zu sprachsystematischen Aspekten der Wort-, Satz-, Text- und Diskursebene behandeln sowie Perspektiven eroeffnen, um diverse Aspekte von Sprache in einem uber diese Domanen hinausgehenden Rahmen zu betrachten. Die Beitrager diskutieren Fragen der lexikalischen Semantik, Pragmalinguistik, Morphologie und der Lexikographie. Das Buch setzt seine Schwerpunkte neben der Wortsemantik auf die Eingebundenheit lexikalischer Bedeutungen in registerspezifische Diskursmuster, oeffentliche, interpersonelle und geschaftlich-beruflich orientierte Diskurse.

Mehrsprachige Menschen verfugen uber die Fahigkeit, mitten in einer AEusserung von einer Sprache in die andere zu wechseln. Dieses sogenannte Codeswitching wird von der Forschung inzwischen als systemhafte kommunikative Ressource anerkannt, deren Untersuchung interessante Einblicke in den Prozess der Sprachverarbeitung gibt. Diese Arbeit zeigt die Besonderheiten phraseologischer Mehrwortverbindungen im bilingualen Diskurs aus einer neuen Perspektive. Sie erlautert am Beispiel von Gesprachen deutscher Emigranten in die USA, welche Regelmassigkeiten beim Codeswitching im Kontext von Phrasemen sichtbar werden und erklart, wie sich Sprachmischungsphanomene an der Schnittstelle zwischen Syntax und Lexikon in die aktuelle Diskussion zu Mehrsprachigkeit und Sprachverarbeitung einbetten lassen.

This is an essential reference for intermediate and advanced students of Italian as well as teachers and other professional linguists seeking access to the finer nuances of the Italian language. It will enable those who have already developed a basic competence in Italian to broaden and improve their vocabulary and choose between words with similar meanings. It was the first book of Italian synonyms to be written with the needs of English speakers in mind, and is an invaluable guide to finding the right word for a given context. All entries are accompanied by English glosses and examples of usage and are graded according to speech register, indicating the degree of formality or informality for a particular word or phrase. For ease of reference, there are two indexes allowing users to locate words in either Italian or English. The book also provides additional notes on grammar and usage where necessary.