Updated and expanded from one of the most popular grammar sites on the web, this book provides a modern guide to English usage for the 21st century. With topics arranged alphabetically and written in an enjoyable and readable tone, The English Language: A User's Guide will help students and writers understand the nature of the language, explaining the why of the rules as well as what constitutes good grammar and style. Going beyond the prescriptive wrong /right examples, Jack Lynch includes examples of weak/strong, good/better, disputed/preferred, and informal/formal usage. Also included: Introductory Essay Using This Guide A Guide to Citation Additional Readings An online companion is available.

The Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation offers accessible and coherent explanations across a broad range of topics, and is an excellent first port of call for any reader seeking clear, authoritative help with grammar and punctuation. Incorporating hundreds of examples of real usage taken from the Oxford English Corpus, this handy volume contains more than 300 alphabetically-arranged entries, including standard grammatical terms such as active voice, conjunction, pronoun, synonym, and transitive verb. It also discusses related questions of usage, including how to distinguish between 'may or might', 'that or which', and 'it's or its'. Over 30 feature entries on major headwords like adverb, clause, and spelling include diagrams listing related terms. The A-Z has been fully revised and updated, and the structure and approach has been revisited to improve its accessibility, including clearer typographical conventions, and the reintroduction of the easy-to-use two-colour format found in early editions. Major headwords have been made (where possible) shorter and easier to navigate, and all sample sentences have been revised, replacing those that are out of date and adding new ones where needed. Readers of all levels will find this volume to be an essential tool for writing at home, in the office, at school, and at college.

Can you ad lib cum laude? Are you in extremis whenever you hear a Latin tag or phrase in medias res? Or, a contrario, would you like to learn more about how familiar expressions originated ab initio?

Nil desperandum. This authoritative and highly browsable guide to Latin phrases provides a concise and enlightening account of the meaning and history of words and expressions which have entered the English language.

* Over 1000 Latin words and phrases in common use today

* Hundreds of examples of usage, past and present

* Detailed coverage of maxims and proverbs

* The story behind the word

* Thematic index giving instant access to topics such as love, happiness, greed and beauty

* A-Z listing of all Latin authors cited, from Augustine to Virgil

A venerable resource for more than a century, "Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar" is still regarded by students and teachers as the finest Latin reference grammar available. Concise, comprehensive, and well organized, it is unrivaled in depth and clarity, placing a wealth of advice on usage, vocabulary, diction, composition, and syntax within easy reach of Latin scholars at all levels.
This sourcebook's three-part treatment starts with words and forms, covering parts of speech, declensions, and conjugations. The second part, syntax, explores cases, moods, and tenses. The concluding section offers information on archaic usages, Latin verse, and prose composition, among other subjects. Extensive appendixes feature a glossary of terms and indexes. Students of history, religion, and literature will find lasting value in this modestly priced edition of a classic guide to Latin.

This textbook provides a detailed introduction to the study of Latin from the perspective of contemporary linguistics. It adopts some basic tenets of generative grammar in an in-depth analysis of the main phonological, morphological, and syntactic properties of Latin, and offers a step-by-step guide to the universal principles and specific parameters which shape the language, along with comparative data from English and other languages. Latin: A Linguistic Introduction is a user-friendly and essential guide to the synchronic study of Latin as a natural language. The clarity of exposition and the richness of the examples cited provide a new approach to Latin as a topic of linguistic research: although the general structure of the book is like that of a traditional Latin grammar, the discussion of grammatical rules is both more straightforward and more theoretically informed. This textbook is principally suitable for students of Latin and Romance linguistics at undergraduate level and above, but also for teachers and researchers interested in new ways of looking at the study of Latin. It differs from many other textbooks in the field by striking a valuable balance between the longstanding tradition of classical philology and the innovations of contemporary linguistics.

This volume brings together a selection of articles illustrating the multifaceted nature of current research in generative syntax. The authors, including some of the leading figures in the field, present analyses of typologically diverse languages, with some studies drawing on dialectal, acquisitional and diachronic evidence. Set against this rich empirical background, the contributions address an equally wide range of theoretical issues.

Contains fully worked-out solutions to all of the odd-numbered exercises in the text, giving students a way to check their answers and ensure that they took the correct steps to arrive at an answer.

Die Studie untersucht Infinitivkonstruktionen in Objektfunktion im Deutschen, Italienischen und Ungarischen aus einer sprachtypologisch-kontrastiven Perspektive. Die beiden Strukturtypen, die AcI-Konstruktionen und die Objektsinfinitive werden anhand einer Korpusanalyse beschrieben. Die Forschungsparameter umfassen ausgewahlte semantische, morphologische und syntaktische Eigenschaften der Konstruktionen. Dabei widmet sich die Autorin insbesondere Aspekten, die in der bisherigen Forschung wenig Aufmerksamkeit erfahren haben, wie z. B. dem Vergleich von Infinitivkonstruktionen mit Objekten anderer Form. Das Buch richtet sich an KollegInnen und Studierende aus den Bereichen der germanistischen, italienischen und ungarischen Sprachwissenschaft, der kontrastiven Linguistik und der Sprachtypologie.

The Deonomasticon Italicum provides a systematic historical treatment of, and commentary on, the lexemes of Italian derived from proper names. It covers both derivations from geographical names (including those from ethnic roots, which are of especial interest both for the history of vocabulary and for cultural history) and from the names of persons. The first part of the Dictionary (4 volumes) is devoted to derivations from geographical names, the second (2 volumes) to the names of persons. The Deonomasticon Italicum will be published in complete volumes and no longer in the form of single fascicles. Key features: Desiderat in der Lexikographie des Italienischen Insgesamt 6 B nde (1 Band alle 3 Jahre) Breite Quellengrundlage auch zeitgen ssischer Texte Indices und regelm ig aktualisierte Bibliographie online (http: //romanistik.phil.uni-sb.de/schweickard/images/suppbibdi/supplementobibliografico.pdf)

Los estudios presentados en este libro, que tienen como hilo conductor la ensenanza del espanol como segunda lengua en diferentes etapas historicas (del siglo XVII al XIX) y en diferentes contextos culturales y linguisticos, convierten en actual un territorio que merece ser explorado desde diferentes perspectivas: cuestiones de metalenguaje, aspectos de produccion textual y ecdotica, como planteamientos que pueden conducir a un conocimiento exacto tanto desde el punto de vista conceptual como filologico. Sirve de contextualizacion la presentacion de textos ineditos que, de este modo, se incluyen en una serie de experiencias metodologicas y formativas a traves de la comparacion entre lenguas y tradiciones gramaticograficas diferentes.

Il libro traccia la storia della lessicografia italiano-polacco-italiano nel periodo compreso tra il 1856 (pubblicazione del primo dizionario) fino al 1946. Sono analizzati dizionari di tre personaggi chiave del periodo considerato: Erazm Rykaczewski, Ignacy Plaskowski e Fortunato Giannini. Grazie a fonti e documenti d'archivio sono state ricostruite le loro biografie e sono stati analizzati i loro legami con l'Italia e con lo studio dell'italiano. Nella seconda parte del libro vengono studiate in dettaglio la macro- e la microstruttura dei dizionari per scoprire le loro funzioni e capire il loro ruolo nei contatti linguistici e culturali italiano-polacchi.

Les sciences et les techniques connaissent de nos jours une croissance exponentielle dans tous les domaines et les langues doivent etre capables d'exprimer cette modernite exogene. La necessite de faire acceder un nombre toujours plus eleve d'usagers a des domaines de plus en plus techniques, a des theories scientifiques renouvelees ainsi qu'a la naissance de nouvelles disciplines, exige une diffusion plus large de l'enseignement du francais techno-scientifique partant des approches differentes. Le livre Approche didactique du langage techno-scientifique . terminologie et discours repond a ce besoin. A une epoque ou la mobilite est incontournable, la langue devient l'instrument d'acces au monde professionnel et avec lui a tout un univers sociolinguistique, notionnel et referentiel dont l'objet est exterieur a la propre langue. Cette reflexion sur le francais techno-scientifique qui s'adresse a des etudiants universitaires, a des professionnels ainsi qu'a des specialistes en linguistique appliquee, en traduction et interpretariat et/ou en langues modernes, parmi tant dautres, a un objectif essentiellement pragmatique: favoriser l'acquisition des competences, des savoirs et des savoir-faire dans ce domaine de specialite. En definitive, contribuer a l'efficacite des echanges communicatifs en francais techno-scientifique repondant de cette maniere a de nouveaux besoins d'une societe de plus en plus exigeante, concurrentielle et " technologisee ".

An A-Z of Effective Vocabulary covers the meaning and usage of 1001 words that you really do need to know. Whether you need guidance for a letter, job application, essay, proposal, interview, or presentation, this book can help you choose the words you need to create the right effect. Each word is defined according to Oxford Languages' latest research and includes sample sentences of real usage drawn from the Oxford English Corpus (the world's largest language databank). The book also gives examples of pitfalls to avoid, hints on similar words, and advice on how to express yourself persuasively. Learn the words that will help you to describe an event, discuss a topic, speak in an interview, evaluate a point of view and write clearly using this book which contains essential information for anyone wanting to achieve greater success in any written or spoken task. This book has been reissued in an attractive new cover to sit alongside the other titles in this mini-series: the Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation, the Oxford Guide to Plain English, the Oxford A-Z of English Usage, and the Oxford A-Z of Better Spelling.

Du fait de leur intrigante variete formelle, les interrogatives totales et partielles du francais ont fait l'objet, au cours des annees ecoulees, d'une foule de recherches en syntaxe et en sociolinguistique, alors que d'autres courants tels que la rhetorique ou la pragmatique rivalisaient d'ingeniosite pour rendre compte de leur variabilite semantique. Afin d'enrichir le debat, le present ouvrage propose une reflexion a large spectre sur les tours interrogatifs du francais, leur marquage syntaxique et intonatif, les parametres linguistiques ou sociaux susceptibles de declencher, dans un contexte donne, le choix d'une variante interrogative plutot qu'une autre; l'ouvrage traite en outre des proprietes semantiques et inferentielles des interrogatives, ainsi que des fonctions discursives et narratologiques qui leur sont devolues. Les auteurs appuient leurs analyses sur des exemples attestes, parfois tires de corpus specifiques (dialogues de films de banlieue, textos, Fables de La Fontaine, bandes dessinees...). Ils manifestent un eclectisme theorique qui nous semble necessaire pour apprehender de maniere non reductrice cet objet complexe, aux multiples facettes.

Este libro tiene como objetivo el estudio de una seleccion de unidades y construcciones de la gramatica del espanol que plantean problemas de demarcacion. Se trata de una obra colectiva, formada por nueve capitulos organizados en tres secciones: I. Limites intramorfologicos; II. Limites entre morfologia y sintaxis; III. Limites entre construcciones sintacticas. Los fenomenos elegidos como objeto de estudio o bien constituyen problemas de demarcacion que podemos considerar "clasicos" en la gramatica del espanol (como los adverbios en -mente o las clausulas adverbiales), o bien plantean problemas de limites entre unidades o construcciones que han recibido escasa atencion en la bibliografia especializada (como, por ejemplo, los adverbios concordados). Para cada fenomeno seleccionado, se presentan los problemas gramaticales que plantea y se discuten las principales propuestas de analisis desarrolladas en la bibliografia, con el fin de ofrecer al lector los argumentos que apoyan cada uno de los analisis alternativos.

Die sprachlichen Verhaltnisse in der Republik Moldau befinden sich seit der Unabhangigkeit von der Sowjetunion in Veranderung. Massgeblich hierfur sind eine neue offizielle Sprache, die Foerderung der Minderheitensprachen und die Arbeitsmigration. Die Autorin untersucht die Frage, wie Sprecher*innen mit unterschiedlichen sprachlichen Repertoires mit diesen Veranderungen umgehen. Sie zeigt dies am Beispiel ausgewahlter Sprach- und Berufsbiographien in zwei exemplarischen Fallstudien: einem russisch-ukrainisches Lyzeum und einem italienischsprachigen Call-Center. Mit den Begriffen Erreichbarkeit und Reichweite leistet das Buch einen theoretischen Beitrag zur Diskussion um sprachliche Repertoires und sprachlichen Ausbau, indem sie den Zusammenhang zwischen gesellschaftlichen Veranderungen und den individuellen Aneignungsprozessen von Sprecher*innen zu begreifen helfen.

Whatever your mother tongue, you are likely to have encountered difficulties with most of the 50 vocabulary items in this book. Each chapter contains: Examples of typical mistakes. Examples of correct usage. Rules / explanations. A short exercise where you can immediately practise what you have learned. Additional exercises (including false friends) By completing the exercises in this book, you should be able to eliminate some of the most common vocabulary mistakes that non-native speakers of English tend to make. Easy English! is a series of books to help you learn and revise your English with minimal effort. You can improve your English by reading texts in English that you might well normally read in your own language e.g. jokes, personality tests, lateral thinking games, wordsearches. doing short exercises to improve specific areas grammar and vocabulary, i.e. the areas that tend to lead to the most mistakes - the aim is just to focus on what you really need rather than overwhelming yourself with a mass of rules, many of which may have no practical daily value Other books in the Easy English!series include: Wordsearches: Widen Your Vocabulary in English Test Your Personality: Have Fun and Learn Useful Phrases Word games, Riddles and Logic Tests: Tax Your Brain and Boost Your English Top 50 Grammar Mistakes: How to Avoid Them Top 50 Vocabulary Mistakes: How to Avoid Them

Dieser Band untersucht die Bedeutung von Interpunktion aus sprachwissenschaftlichen, sprachdidaktischen und literaturwissenschaftlichen Perspektiven. Die Autor_innen greifen in ihren romanistischen, germanistischen und anglistischen Beitragen unterschiedliche Fragestellungen auf, die unter anderem die Funktionen von Interpunktionszeichen in literarischen oder politischen Texten betreffen. Die Artikel fokussieren zudem die Rolle von Interpunktionszeichenvarianten aus grammatischer Sicht, eroertern Interpunktion als narratologisches Gestaltungsmittel, diskutieren Phanomene des Wandels bzw. des moeglichen Wandels und perspektivieren daruber hinaus Interpunktion aus sprachdidaktischer Sicht - fur das Leseverstehen, das Verstehen von Prasentationen sowie fur Korrekturen von Texten.

Fachsprache definiert sich als Sprachvarietat: Sie divergiert systematisch von anderen markierten Sprachstilen sowie von dem unmarkierten Neutralstil. Vor diesem Hintergrund ermittelt der Autor die fachsprachlichen Markierungen durch einen innersprachlichen Vergleich. Er arbeitet als Subsystem vier textsyntaktische Umstrukturierungen heraus. Mit dieser Analyse werden das fachsprachliche Outfit und seine Wirkung systematisch erklar-, plan- sowie machbar und fachsprachliches Redigieren, Textoptimierung und auch Fachubersetzung werden lehrbar. Zusatzlich zu den vier Umstrukturierungen ist Fachsprache konstituiert durch zwei spezifische Nominationstechniken. Dies sind die Ergebnisse der zahlreichen Textanalysen und kognitiven Unterrichtsmodelle, die hier vorgelegt werden.

En una serie de interesantes articulos, esta publicacion presenta, de manera innovadora, como los diarios mas importantes de la Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Mexico comunican las nociones sobre la pobreza, como las encuadran y el lenguaje que utilizan para hacerlo. Los articulos contextualizan estas nociones a traves de un analisis multidisciplinario y las relacionan con las teorias contemporaneas mas relevantes sobre el tema, asi como con el discurso politico vigente y las medidas para erradicarla. Los articulos son resultado de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo por el proyecto Pobreza, Lenguaje y Medios: Los Casos de la Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Mexico (Polame), financiado por el Consejo Noruego de Investigacion (RCN).

El libro tiene como objetivo explorar uno de los fenomenos de aprendizaje que se considera tradicionalmente como central en esta lengua y en relacion a los estudiantes de lengua extranjera. Contiene un capitulo introductorio al fenomeno y una secuencia de estudios monograficos con abundante aporte de datos empiricos sobre la alternancia de tiempos y modos, y la combinatoria de los mismos, relativos a diferentes grupos de aprendientes de una gran variedad de lenguas maternas y contextos de ensenanza. El ultimo capitulo relaciona las conclusiones de las diferentes investigaciones con el plano psicolinguistico y didactico, lo que permite tener un panorama general no teorico o deductivo, sino consolidado por aportes empiricos provenientes de metodologias afianzadas en la Linguistica aplicada.

The New Oxford Style Manual brings together the new editions of two essential reference works in a single volume. Combining New Hart's Rules with the New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors, this is the definitive guide to the written word. New Hart's Rules, Oxford's definite guide to style, gives authoritative and expert advice on how to prepare copy for publication in print and electronically. Topics covered include how to punctuate and hyphenate accurately, capitalization guidelines, structuring text coherently, how to use quotations and citations clearly, how to provide accurate references, UK and US usage, and much more. Recent developments in the publishing industry, such as scientific publishing conventions have been included in the up-to-date second edition. These guidelines are complemented by the New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors which features 25,000 A to Z entries giving authoritative advice on those words and names which raise questions time and time again because of spelling, capitalization, hyphenation, or cultural and historical context. Entries give full coverage of recommended spellings, variant forms, confusable words, hyphenation, capitalization, foreign and specialist terms, proper names, and abbreviations. The New Oxford Style Manual also includes superb appendices for quick reference including proofreading marks, countries and currencies, and alphabets. Combining these two updated works and drawing on the unrivalled research and expertise of the Oxford Reference and Dictionaries departments, this volume is an essential part of every editor's and writer's toolkit.

DaF-UEbungsgrammatiken sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Unterrichtspraxis, haben jedoch in der Forschung relativ wenig Beachtung gefunden. Die Studie untersucht 24 international ausgerichtete UEbungsgrammatiken fur Anfanger und Fortgeschrittene auf ihre wissenschaftliche und didaktische Adaquatheit. Die Autoren diskutieren hierbei zwoelf grammatische Phanomene aus den Bereichen Morphosyntax und Textaufbau unter semanto-pragmatischen Aspekten. Sie analysieren unter anderem Genus, Tempus, Modus, Diathese, Wortbildung, Wortstellung und Satzverknupfung. Das Buch ist forschungsorientiert, versteht sich aber auch als didaktische Anregung fur Lehrende und Lernende.