This book explores nominal dislocations in simultaneous bilingual French and German language acquisition in early childhood. The study shows that this process involves a grammatical area that is not vulnerable to language influence. In addition, empirical analyses provide evidence that postverbal, non-resumptive subjects are dissociated elements in French as spoken by children.

Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Beitrage zu Dialektologie, Sprachkontakt, Namenkunde und Sprachgeschichte stehen die Besonderheiten der deutschen Regionalsprachen in Mittel- und Sudosteuropa. Die Autoren behandeln phonetische, morphologische und lexikalische Aspekte der deutschen Varietaten in Ungarn, Polen und Rumanien; der Band ist eine Wurdigung des Banater Forschers und Lehrers Peter Kottler.

This is the complete beginning-level course for spoken Mandarin Chinese designed to have you speaking quickly and accurately! The Basic Mandarin Chinese series offers a complete introductory Chinese language course specifically designed for native English speakers. These books teach spoken and written Chinese separately, allowing you to focus on the area most important to you, and to learn the spoken and written forms of Chinese at different speeds depending on your available time and interest. The free audio and video recordings included with this book reinforce the content and make the learning process easy. Whether you're learning Mandarin for work, travel or other reasons--the Basic Mandarin Chinese approach of having two separate but integrated "tracks" helps you to learn the language more efficiently and more successfully. Key features of this Chinese textbook and discs include: Clear and detailed pronunciation, grammar and cultural explanations Exercises and activities based on real-life experiences in China Hours of video recordings filmed on location featuring dozens of native speakers in various parts of China and beyond Six hours of native-speaker audio recordings for all the book's dialogues and exercises Special software allowing you to interact with the recordings. This Mandarin textbook is designed to be used with its separately available workbook, Basic Mandarin Chinese--Speaking & Listening Practice Book which provides a range of drills and exercises designed to dramatically enhance your spoken proficiency and improve your Chinese language skills. This book is a new edition of Basic Spoken Chinese. All disc content is alternatively accessible on tuttlepublishing.com/downloadable-content.

Este volumen rinde homenaje a la brillante carrera academica de Orlando Alba, catedratico de Linguistica Espanola de la Brigham Young University, Estados Unidos. Recoge trabajos de destacados especialistas en el campo, cuyas aportaciones han de enriquecer nuestro conocimiento de la lexicografia y lexicologia espanolas. Dichos trabajos versan sobre disponibilidad lexica espanola y panhispanica, socio-lexicologia, prestamos y neologismos, la catalogacion de espanolismos, el primer diccionario espanol-aleman bidireccional, y el solapamiento y cambio semanticos.

This book proposes unique conceptual bases for addressing questions about technology in second language teaching, testing, and research. It illustrates existing computer applications; overviews essential software concepts; outlines research needs; and suggests approaches for investigating computer applications in second language teaching, testing, and research.

Extensively revised and updated, this second edition provides, in an A-Z format, an analysis of the most important generalizations that have been made on the unidirectional change of grammatical forms and constructions. Based on the analysis of more than 1,000 languages, it reconstructs over 500 processes of grammatical change in the languages of the world, including East Asian languages such as Chinese, Korean and Japanese. Readers are provided with the tools to discover how lexical and grammatical meanings can be related to one another in a principled way, how such issues as polysemy, heterosemy, and transcategoriality are dealt with, and why certain linguistic forms have simultaneous lexical and grammatical functions. Definitions of lexical concepts are provided with examples from a broad variety of languages, and references to key relevant research literature. Linguists and other scholars will gain a better understanding of languages on a worldwide scale.

This book, designed for students who have already developed a basic competence in German, aims to broaden and improve their vocabulary and is invaluable as a guide to finding the right word for the context. It provides detailed information on groups of German words with related meanings, including examples of usage, English glosses, and regional variations. There are two indexes allowing users quickly to locate words in German or English. The book is an essential reference for undergraduates, teachers of German, and other professional linguists.

Die Autorin geht der Langackerschen Auffassung der Grammatik als Bedeutung nach. Sie uberpruft empirisch am Beispiel der aquivalenten, deutschen und polnischen Formen der Pronomen, wie sich die schemenhaften Bedeutungen grammatischer Einheiten in individuellen Konzeptualisierungsprozessen konkretisieren und welche Bedeutungsinhalte sie in dem gegebenen sprachlichen Ereignis fokussieren. Die introspektiv-intersubjektive Methode ermoeglicht es, die Verarbeitungsarten der untersuchten Formen der Pronomen aufzudecken, die konzeptuelle Vielfalt der von den ProbandInnen aktivierten Bedeutungsinhalte dieser Formen zu beleuchten, und zu zeigen, dass die Formen der Pronomen prozessual individuell-subjektiv emotionsgepragte Einheiten darstellen.

Este libro ofrece una introduccion a la diversidad linguistica del mundo hispano. Viajamos de manera virtual desde Espana a America para conocer los principales rasgos linguisticos de cada region y pais. En cada capitulo, el lector puede aprender sobre la pronunciacion, la gramatica, algunas palabras tipicas y todo lo que hace, linguisticamente hablando, diferente a cada pais hispano. Generalmente, el espanol se ve como una sola entidad, destacandose mayormente el espanol de Espana, y olvidandose de la enorme riqueza linguistica que ofrece cada pais y region hispana. Asimismo, en este libro introducimos algunos terminos basicos del estudio de la variacion linguistica, la dialectologia y la sociolinguistica. Ademas de la parte teorica, este libro incluye una variedad de ejercicios practicos e informacion sobre recursos adicionales disponibles en la red. Esta escrito en un espanol apropiado para hablantes de espanol intermedio alto, avanzado o superior (idealmente de tercer ano de carrera en EE. UU.) y para aquellos con o sin conocimientos previos de linguistica.Este libro es el perfecto companero de viaje a Espana o cualquier pais de Hispanoamerica.

Este libro ofrece una introduccion a la diversidad linguistica del mundo hispano. Viajamos de manera virtual desde Espana a America para conocer los principales rasgos linguisticos de cada region y pais. En cada capitulo, el lector puede aprender sobre la pronunciacion, la gramatica, algunas palabras tipicas y todo lo que hace, linguisticamente hablando, diferente a cada pais hispano. Generalmente, el espanol se ve como una sola entidad, destacandose mayormente el espanol de Espana, y olvidandose de la enorme riqueza linguistica que ofrece cada pais y region hispana. Asimismo, en este libro introducimos algunos terminos basicos del estudio de la variacion linguistica, la dialectologia y la sociolinguistica. Ademas de la parte teorica, este libro incluye una variedad de ejercicios practicos e informacion sobre recursos adicionales disponibles en la red. Esta escrito en un espanol apropiado para hablantes de espanol intermedio alto, avanzado o superior (idealmente de tercer ano de carrera en EE. UU.) y para aquellos con o sin conocimientos previos de linguistica.Este libro es el perfecto companero de viaje a Espana o cualquier pais de Hispanoamerica.

This Dictionary of Language Testing was written over a number of years by a group of researchers at the Language Testing Research Centre at the University of Melbourne. It contains some 600 entries, each listed under a headword with extensive cross-referencing. It is intended for those who may or may not have had experience in the field of language assessment but who do have a need for information. This Dictionary is intended as a first stage in meeting that need, and intends to provide an orientation and, where appropriate, indicate where next to look.

This practical resource book provides a collection of materials for use on mentor courses. It presents a range of activities and processes for exploring the roles and duties of mentors and for developing and practicing the skills required. The book begins with a discussion of the principles and practice of mentor courses. There then follow several chapters that provide a wide range of in-session activities. The final chapters provide suggestions and materials for projects and assignments.

Inevitably, it is in the most commonly used languages that the vocabulary of language testing and assessment is most highly developed, and for which most of the literature has been produced. A multilingual glossary has a significant role to play in encouraging the development of language testing in less widely taught languages. The idea of producing a multilingual glossary of assessment and language testing terms has grown out of the needs experienced by members of the Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) while engaged in work on language testing projects. It is anticipated that this glossary will be of use, not only to members of ALTE, but to many others working in the context of European languages, who are involved in language testing and assessment. The glossary contains entries in ten languages: Catalan, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.

The affective domain and the emotional factors that influence language learning have been of interest in the field of language teaching for a number of years. By proposing a holistic approach to the learning process, this volume takes the position that the language learning experience will be much more effective when both affect and cognition are considered. The eighteen chapters discuss issues such as memory, anxiety, self-esteem, facilitation, autonomy, classroom activities, and assessment from the perspective of affect.

Spoken Language and Applied Linguistics argues for putting spoken language right at the centre of the syllabus. It brings together a number of separate studies by the author, based on the CANCODE spoken corpus, and weaves them together to illustrate the central role the study of spoken language can play in applied linguistics. After an introduction to the corpus, the author lays out the main components of a theory of spoken genres, with corpus examples. There then follows a broad discussion of what can/should be taught about the spoken language, followed by chapters on discourse grammar and on the sometimes parallel, sometimes different, grammatical patterning of spoken and written texts. The book then turns to lexis, with a general overview of the vocabulary of spoken language and closes with a look at another central area of language teaching, speech reporting.

Das Buch prasentiert Forschungsergebnisse zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache in Polen sowie in Mittel- und Osteuropa. Die Autoren untersuchen anhand historischer Texte die Siedlungsorte von Deutschen wahrend der Ostkolonisation und die Wanderungsbewegung, die bereits im Mittelalter einsetzte. Die Bandbreite der analysierten Texte reicht dabei von mittelalterlichen Dokumenten des ausgehenden 14. Jahrhunderts uber Briefe aus dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert, bis zur kritisch betrachteten Reiseliteratur des 20. Jahrhunderts. Fur die Betrachtung vergangener Lebensumstande dient die fixierte Sprache den Beitragern als Spiegel der Geschichte dieser Regionen und der Geschichte Europas.

Was der Verhaltensbiologie gelungen ist - namlich die Entwicklung von einer beschreibenden zu einer erklarenden Wissenschaft - das sollte auch Ziel der Linguistik sein. Der Autor zeigt auf, wie sich dieses Ziel im systemtheoretischen Rahmen erreichen lasst. Zunachst ist das Grundlagenproblem unzureichender Begriffsdefinitionen und Testverfahren zu loesen, um zu korrekten Beschreibungen und induktiv abgeleiteten Gesetzmassigkeiten zu gelangen. Dadurch lassen sich bereits viele neue Erkenntnisse gewinnen. Sodann kann man fur empirisch ermittelte Sachverhalte nach Erklarungen suchen, die auf allgemeinen Prinzipien oder Erwartungen beruhen. Diese Suche ist unter anderem dann zumeist erfolgreich, wenn sie durch Symmetriebruche und eine konsequente Faktorenanalyse erleichtert wird.

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Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung ist die Ermittlung und Beschreibung des Bestandes der mittelhochdeutschen Subjunktionen auf der Grundlage eines handschriftentreuen Textkorpus. Die Autorin analysiert und beschreibt die Funktionen der Subjunktionen, ihre Verteilung in Sprachraum, Zeit und Textart sowie ihre Herkunft und Entwicklung. So kann sie aufzeigen, welche der Subjunktionen absterben und welche neu aufkommen, wo es zu funktionalen Verschiebungen kommt und welche regionalen Unterschiede bei den Subjunktionen im Korpus beobachtbar sind.

Kleine Texte sind meist multimodale Erscheinungsformen, die in vielerlei Hinsicht unsere Alltagserwartungen an das, was Texte sind und sein koennen, in Frage stellen. In unserem kommunikativen Alltag sind wir umzingelt von zahllosen Kommunikaten, denen wir uns kaum entziehen koennen. Trotz dieser Allgegenwart sind linguistische Untersuchungen zum Thema "Kleine Texte" immer noch rar gesat. Diese Kluft zwischen alltaglicher Relevanz und textlinguistischem (Des-)Interesse soll der vorliegende Band verringern. Die im Band versammelten Beitrage zeigen zum einen verschiedene Zugriffsmoeglichkeiten auf den Gegenstand Kleine Texte und seine begriffliche Eingrenzung. Das Spektrum der Beitrage reicht dabei zum anderen von theoretisch-begrifflichen uber empirische bis hin zu dezidiert angewandten Arbeiten.

This text has been written to help foreign and second language educators use classroom-based assessment as a tool for improving teaching and learning. The book requires no previous background in psychometrics, statistics, or research, and the suggested procedures are appropriate for a broad range of levels, situations, and instructional approaches.

In Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar, Professor Odlin brings together eleven authorities from various parts of the world to update current theory and research in this area of language pedagogy. The first section addresses grammatical analysis, covering Chomskyan Universal Grammar and a number of alternative models. Section two shows how lexicon and discourse rules interact with and influence the grammatical system. A final section deals directly with applications, outlining effective methods of teaching grammar in different areas of the language curriculum.