The vocabulary from the beginning of the Low German language, the period of Old Saxon, has not been captured in a modern lexicon. This dictionary provides the complete vocabulary, grammatically explained, with source references and definitions in German and English. The manuscript sources are specified as to library location and edition. A reverse keyword index and an index of Latin source words round off the work.

First published in 1984, this book examines a number of questions on the boundary of competence and performance - whose solutions have implications for linguistic theory in general. In particular, the form of grammatical statements, the relationship between various rules of grammar, the interaction between sentence in a sequence, and the inferences to be drawn from linguistic behaviour to linguistic knowledge. The author argues that many grammatical processes, inadequately handled by conventional sentence-grammars, require a text grammar in which the basic constitutive processes of information and deixis can be specified. They ago further to investigate the novel hypothesis that emphatic structure provides a crucial condition for the application of transformational rules, paying particular attention to the 'movement-rules' using mostly data culled from actual usage.

The 25th edition of Hermann Paul's grammar is the first step toward a study grammar that combines the virtues of greater ease of use, concentration on essentials, and a more reliable description of Middle High German. The revised accounts of phonology and morphology have profited in part from the ongoing work on the extensive Middle High German grammar now in the process of completion. The description of noun declination has been thoroughly revised. The syntax section has been extensively reworked and greatly expanded, with a wealth of references to Middle High German prose texts.

This all-in-one reference is a quick and easy way for book, magazine, online, academic, and business writers to look up sticky punctuation questions for all styles including AP (Associated Press), MLA (Modern Language Association), APA (American Psychological Association), and Chicago Manual of Style.
Punctuate with Confidence--No Matter the Style
Confused about punctuation? There's a reason. Everywhere you turn, publications seem to follow different rules on everything from possessive apostrophes to hyphens to serial commas. Then there are all the gray areas of punctuation--situations the rule books gloss over or never mention at all. At last, help has arrived.
This all-in-one reference from grammar columnist June Casagrande covers the basic rules of punctuation plus the finer points not addressed anywhere else, offering clear answers to perplexing questions about semicolons, quotation marks, periods, apostrophes, and more. Better yet, this is the only guide that uses handy icons to show how punctuation rules differ for book, news, academic, and science styles--so you can boldly switch between essays, online newsletters, reports, fiction, and magazine and news articles.
Style guides don't cover everything, but never fear This handbook features rulings from an expert "Punctuation Panel" so you can see how working pros approach sticky situations. And the second half of the book features an alphabetical master list of commonly punctuated terms worth its weight in gold, combining rulings from the major style guides and showing exactly where they differ. With
"The Best Punctuation Book, Period," you'll be able to handle any punctuation predicament in a flash--and with aplomb.

Anyone looking for a study guide that makes learning French language easier and faster will benefit from this book. Ideal for both teachers and students of all levels, it can be used in a classroom or for self-directed learning. French for Students is a useful reference guide for beginning learners or more advanced learners in need of review, for tutorial, homework practice and exam preparation. The content has been specifically designed to address the language structures commonly expected in standard undergraduate French courses. French in a Flash combines concise grammar and vocabulary lessons that are written in English and explained at a level appropriate for non-linguists. A simplified pronunciation guide specifically tailored to English speakers is provided. There is also a chapter on Spoken French for more advanced learners. To facilitate comprehension and memorization, the fundamentals of the French language are explained in accessible and simple terms, with helpful tips, clear summaries, visual shortcuts and charts that encapsulate everything one need to know in less than a page. Each lesson is also combined with helpful review exercises and answer keys to evaluate progress and fast-track language acquisition. French in a Flash is an indispensable and practical reference guide that makes even the most difficult structural parts of the French language easily understandable and accessible.

Generations of student writers have been subjected to usage handbooks that proclaim, "This is the correct form. Learn it"--books that lay out a grammar, but don't inspire students to use it. By contrast, this antihandbook handbook, presenting some three hundred sentences drawn from the printed works of a single, typical day in the life of the language--December 29, 2008--tries to persuade readers that good grammar and usage matter. Using real-world sentences rather than invented ones, One Day in the Life of the English Language gives students the motivation to apply grammatical principles correctly and efficiently. Frank Cioffi argues that proper form undergirds effective communication and ultimately even makes society work more smoothly, while nonstandard English often marginalizes or stigmatizes a writer. He emphasizes the evolving nature of English usage and debunks some cherished but flawed grammar precepts. Is it acceptable to end a sentence with a preposition? It is. Can you start a sentence with a conjunction? You can. OK to split an infinitive? No problem. A grammar and usage handbook like no other, One Day in the Life of the English Language features accessible chapters divided into "Fundamentals," "Fine Tuning," and "Deep Focus," allowing readers to select a level most suited to their needs. It also includes a glossary, a teachers' guide, and a section refuting some myths about digital-age English.

You ain't gonna like it: bad grammar's not so bad. - The Times Remember all those grammar rules from school? No? Most of us don't. Mike McCarthy, renowned corpus linguist and co-author of the 900-page Cambridge Grammar of English answers the awkward questions that regularly bother us about English grammar. In this helpful A-Z field guide, McCarthy tells us what the conventional rules are as well as shows us what people are writing or saying now and gives simple reasons why you might choose one or the other so that you can speak and write with confidence. Through witty and entertaining examples pulled from 50 years of teaching, 40 years of field notes picked from books, newspapers, letters, radio and TV, etc., and shamelessly eavesdropping on people's conversations in public spaces, and a British and American English computer database, McCarthy has created a book to browse and enjoy, as well as a useful reference to keep on your bookshelf. Why a Field Guide to grammar? - A to Z format makes it easy to access and to find what you're looking for - Presents solutions to a host of common, everyday grammatical problems - References current events to bring relevance to the grammar (fronted adverbials anyone?) - Looks at historical usage to illustrate how the English language has evolved, and continues to evolve - Gives guidance on appropriate usage where more than one way of saying something exists - Distinguishes between spoken and written grammar where appropriate - includes advice on vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation, punctuation and style - Compares North American and British grammar, and includes Englishes from around the world - Charming drawings to illustrate the playfulness in the English language - Grammar guide backed by data and research True to the Chambers name, this field guide is as much quirky as it is informative. It is the perfect gift for any language lover, student, teacher, struggling parent or carer supporting their child's schooling, the grammar purist or the grammar descriptivist.

Second Language Acquisition: - introduces the key areas in the field, including: multilingualism, the role of teaching, the mental processing of multiple languages, and patterns of growth and decline - explores the key theories and debates and elucidates areas of controversy - gathers together influential readings from key names in the discipline, including: Vivian Cook, William E. Dunn and James P. Lantolf, S.P. Corder, and Nina Spada and Patsy Lightbown. Written by experienced teachers and researchers in the field, Second Language Acquisition is an essential resource for students and researchers of applied linguistics.

The punctuation workout for sticklers and rookies alike. The punctuation panda is back! Armed with a permanent marker, a smidgen of confidence, and a copy of 'Can You Eat, Shoot and Leave?', everyone now has the chance to become a member of the punctuation elite. Established punctuation sticklers: Fine-tune existing skills, taking guilty pleasure from testing your (already somewhat unsettling) seventh sense. Confused novices: Never again inflict flawed and perplexing punctuation on your innocent readers. The only official workbook for the international bestseller 'Eats, Shoots and Leaves.' Introductory Cosmo-style questionnaire helps readers identify their level of punctuation prowess. Mirrors the structure and light-hearted style of Lynne Truss's hugely popular 'Eats, Shoots and Leaves'. Topics include apostrophes, commas, colons and semicolons, hyphens and more. Each chapter concentrates on one particular punctuation mark. Origin, usage rules and their exceptions introduce the entertaining activities which have a 'challenge-yourself' format. The bite-sized exercises in each chapter and longer texts in 'The Final Challenge' put punctuation skills to the test.

From Words to Grammar is a different introduction to grammar for students. Taking a word-based approach to grammar, this innovative book introduces the subject through the analysis of over a hundred of the most commonly used English words. Each unit focuses on a different word class, using an analysis of specific words which includes: an introduction to the grammar of each word; examples of real world usage featuring that word; exercises with answers. This unique approach not only introduces students to grammar but also provides them with an understanding of how grammar works in everyday English. Written by an experienced teacher and author, From Words to Grammar is ideal for all students of English Language.

David Nunan's dynamic learner-centered teaching style has informed and inspired countless TESOL educators around the world. In this fresh, straightforward introduction to teaching English to speakers of other languages he presents teaching techniques and procedures along with the underlying theory and principles. Complex theories and research studies are explained in a clear and comprehensible, yet non-trivial, manner without trivializing them. Practical examples of how to develop teaching materials and tasks from sound principles provide rich illustrations of theoretical constructs. The content is presented through a lively variety of different textual genres including classroom vignettes showing language teaching in action, question and answer sessions, and opportunities to 'eavesdrop' on small group discussions among teachers and teachers in preparation. Readers get involved through engaging, interactive pedagogical features and opportunities for reflection and personal application. Each chapter follows the same format so that readers know what to expect as they work through the text. Key terms are defined in a Glossary at the end of the book. David Nunan's own reflections and commentaries throughout enrich the direct, up-close style of the text.