Wny You BY WEBB B. GARRISON Illustrated ly Henry R. Martin ABINGDON PRESS NEW YORK NASHVILLE To BRUCE and BEATRICE BLACKMAR GOULD Connoisseurs of Words Foreword Words and phrases are like persons. Some are dull and stodgy, while others are very good company indeed. It is from the ranks of the latter group that the words in this volume have been selected. Interest is the standard which determined whether or not a particular word or phrase should be included. Dedicated though it is to the general reader, it may be used with confidence by persons with special interests. In general, word-histories are developed along lines of standard scholarship. There are a few exceptions accounts based upon tradition. These stories, included because of their interest, are clearly indicated as based upon popular accounts. Much of the material included in this collection was originally pub lished in the popular magazines which are listed on the acknowledg ments page. Final research was done in the Joint University Library, Nashville, Tennessee. Many courtesies were extended by Dr. A. F. Kuhlman, director, and Mrs. Paul L. Wayman, circulation librarian. A Ladies Home Journal reader first suggested that this material should be published in book form. Coming as it did from a reader in the Transvaal, Africa, the suggestion carried much weight though it was not acted upon for some months. Unfortunately, that readers letter has been lost, so it is impossible to give due credit by name. WEBB B. GARJEUSON 7 Acknowledgments Much of the material in this volume was originally published as short features in general and specialized magazines. Special thanks are due editors and publishers of these magazines, both forencouragement in research and for permission to reprint numerous items. Publishers involved, and magazines in which the material was originally pub lished, are listed below Andrus Publishing Co. for cushion, furniture, mahogany, and suite from Furniture Digest. Catholic Digest, Inc., for asylum awful, batiste, bedlam bead cancel, canter, cardinal, to chime in, clerk, crib, diaper, dumbbell, gabardine, helpmate, journal, ledger, lobby, marigold, musical notes noon, polite, primer sign, to a t, and thinking cap from Catholic Digest. Chesapeake and Ohio Railway for caboose, to call on the car pet conductor, crosstie, deadhead, engineer, freight, gon dola, hogger, news butch, spur, station, train, and tun nel from Tracks. Chilton Company, Inc., for boot, heel, last, moccasin, shoe, and sole from Boot and Shoe Recorder. The Curtis Publishing Company for Bible, bigwig, blarney, blue jeans, Blue Monday, bombast, boss, to bring home the bacon, calendar, camera, canary, compact companion, Dixie, doily, to eat ones hat, a feather in ones cap, flower names, fruit names, grass widow, heckle, husband, infan try, lord, to nag patent, salary, soft soap sundae, to 9 WHY YOU SAY IT take with a grain of salt to tie the knot and wife from Ladies Home Journal. Dell Publishing Co., Inc., for serenade from Dell Crossword An nual easel, earshot villain from Dell Crossword Puzzles con template, fanatic, pedigree, zoo from Official Crossword Puzzles and abracadabra, ancient gods anecdote, banquet, bogey, spire from Pocket Crossword Puzzles. Detective World, Inc., for aboveboard, apache, assassin, bobby, carpetbagger, catchpenny, to crib, double cross, fili buster, footpad, gun, gyp, hoax, moll, to pull the woolover ones eyes, to steal thunder, stool pigeon, and thug from Detective World. Farrell Publishing Corp, for apple-pie order etiquette, mil liner, mind your ps and qs, mug, and pin money from The Woman. Father Bakers Homes of Charity for best foot forward boner, chairman, coward, czar, falsehood, to get hep grain, grocer, in the groove, learn by heart, lion, mail, outlaw, parlor, to pay the piper piano, piker, to put a flea in ones ear, to read the riot act, roughneck, shoddy, vandal, and to be at loose ends from The Victorian. Fawcett Publications, Inc...

Despite having been written over a century ago, the 3rd edition of Rubens Duval's History of Syriac Literature remains one of the best - and most readable - introductions to Syriac literature. This edition provides the first English translation of the work, translated by Olivier Holmey.

In grammar design, a basic distinction is made between derivational and modular architectures. This raises the question of which organization of grammar can deal with linguistic phenomena more appropriately. The studies contained in the present volume explore the interface relations between different levels of linguistic representation in Functional Discourse Grammar as presented in Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008) and Keizer (2015). This theory analyses linguistic expressions at four linguistic levels: interpersonal, representational, morphosyntactic and phonological. The articles address issues such as the possible correspondences and mismatches between those levels as well as the conditions which constrain the combinations of levels in well-formed expressions. Additionally, the theory is tested by examining various grammatical phenomena with a focus both on the English language and on typological adequacy: anaphora, raising, phonological reduction, noun incorporation, reflexives and reciprocals, serial verbs, the passive voice, time measurement constructions, coordination, nominal modification, and connectives. Overall, the volume provides both theoretical and descriptive insights which are of relevance to linguistics in general.

This grammar of English embraces major lexical, phonological, syntactic structures and interfaces. It is based on the substantive assumption: that the categories and structures at all levels represent mental substance, conceptual and/or perceptual. The adequacy of this assumption in expressing linguistic generalizations is tested. The lexicon is seen as central to the grammar; it contains signs with conceptual, or content, poles, minimally words, and perceptual, and expression, poles, segments. Both words and segments are differentiated by substance-based features. They determine the erection of syntactic and phonological structures at the interfaces from lexicon. The valencies of words, the identification of their semantically determined complements and modifiers, control the erection of syntactic structures in the form of dependency relations. However, the features of different segment types determines their placement in the syllable, or as prosodies. Despite this discrepancy, dependency and linearization are two of the analogical properties displayed by lexical, syntactic and phonological structure. Analogies among parts of the grammar are another consequence of substantiveness, as is the presence of figurativeness and iconicity.

Bringing together evidence from natural and social sciences, the work introduces the non-reductionist Instruction Grammar programme. Viewed from within the practicalities of the lifeworld, utterances are described as instructions to simulate perceptions and attributions for action. The approach provides solutions to long-standing philosophical problems of cognitive grammar theories and traditionally puzzling syntactic phenomena.

This volume acknowledges the contributions of Syriac Christians in the fields of culture, education and civil society throughout the history in the Middle East and India, and examines the challenges of living and professing the Christian faith as a minority in a multi-religious and pluralistic society, giving special attention to religious freedom and personal status.

This new edition has been updated and revised to accompany the Fifth edition of English Grammar in Use, the first choice for intermediate (B1-B2) learners. This book contains 200 varied exercises to provide learners with extra practice of the grammar they have studied.

This volume presents a comprehensive survey of the lexicon and word formation processes in contemporary Japanese, with particular emphasis on their typologically characteristic features and their interactions with syntax and semantics. Through contacts with a variety of languages over more than two thousand years of history, Japanese has developed a complex vocabulary system that is composed of four lexical strata: (i) native Japanese, (ii) mimetic, (iii) Sino-Japanese, and (iv) foreign (especially English). This hybrid composition of the lexicon, coupled with the agglutinative character of the language by which morphology is closely associated with syntax, gives rise to theoretically intriguing interactions with word formation processes that are not easily found with inflectional, isolate, or polysynthetic types of languages.

This study had a research purpose and a pedagogical purpose. Research disclosed the dynamic, changing nature of (learner-internal and learner-external) variables that influence strategic competence for developing EFL/ESL writers. This competence was found necessary for international graduate students to move from writer-centered learning to reader-centered communication. The research instruments proved to be practical tools for guiding learners' processes of learning and writing a scholarly paper or article and avoiding plagiarism. The implication for teachers and program administrators is a systematic approach for developing self-regulation (control) in EFL/ESL writing. The first part of the book reports on the mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) research. The second part gives an in-depth report of the 6 cases used in the research. The third part presents tools for systematically developing self-regulation in scholarly (and academic) writing with (a) student and teacher checklists for formative assessment that are valid and reliable; and (b) a model syllabus for teachers that can be adapted across disciplines and genres. These tools deal with learning strategies and their applications to writing and writing instruction.

This handbook of foreign loan words in the Arabic of the Quran is set up in dictionary format. Each word is given in Arabic and in transliteration, followed by an extensive definition. As useful today as when it was first published, this volume will be welcomed by students of Arabic and especially those who are concerned with its relationship to foreign languages.

The book revisits the notion of deontic modality from the perspective of an understudied category in the modal domain, viz. adjectives. On the basis of synchronic and diachronic corpus studies, it analyses the semantics of English adjectives like essential and appropriate, and uses this to refine traditional definitions of deontic modality, which are mainly based on the study of modal verbs. In a first step, it is shown that the set of meanings expressed by extraposition constructions with deontic adjectives is quite different from the set of meanings identified in the literature on modal verbs. Adjectival complement constructions lack the directive meanings of obligation or permission, which are traditionally regarded as the core deontic categories, and they have semantic extensions towards non-modal meanings in the evaluative domain. In a second step, the analysis of adjectives is used to propose an alternative definition of deontic modality, which covers both the meanings of verbs and adjectives, and which can deal with the different extensions towards modal and non-modal categories. This is integrated into a conceptual map, which works both in diachrony, defining pathways of change from premodal to modal to evaluative meaning, and in synchrony, accommodating refinements within each set of meanings. In the process, this study points to the emergence of partially filled constructions, and it offers additional evidence for well-established changes in the history of English, such as the decline of the subjunctive and the rise of the to-infinitive in complement constructions. The book is of particular interest to researchers and graduate students with a focus on mood and modality, and the interface between syntax, semantics and pragmatics, as well as that between synchrony and diachrony.

Logical, developmental presentation includes all the necessary tools for speech and comprehension and features numerous shortcuts and timesavers. Ideal as an introduction, supplement, or refresher.

The theme of this collection is a discussion of the notions of 'norms' and 'standards', which are studied from various different angles, but always in relation to the English language. These terms are to be understood in a very wide sense, allowing discussions of topics such as the norms we orient to in social interaction, the benchmark employed in teaching, or the development of English dialects and varieties over time and space and their relation to the standard language. The collection is organized into three parts, each of which covers an important research field for the study of norms and standards. Part 1 is entitled "English over time and space" and is further divided into three thematic subgroups: standard and non-standard features in English varieties and dialects; research on English standardization processes; and issues of standards and norms in oral production. Part 2 deals with "English usage in non-native contexts," and Part 3 is dedicated to "Issues on politeness and impoliteness." The notions of standards and norms are equally important concepts for historical linguists, sociolinguists with a variationist background, applied linguists, pragmaticians, and discourse analysts.

The use of Academic Podcasting Technology and MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning) is reshaping teaching and learning by supporting, expanding, and enhancing course content, learning activities, and teacher-student interactions. Academic Podcasting and Mobile Assisted Language Learning: Applications and Outcomes shares innovative and pedagogically effective ways to improve foreign language education by identifying the instructional uses and benefits of academic podcasting technology and MALL in foreign language acquisition. These include instructional uses, students perceived learning gains, how instructors can use/have used the technology (successes and challenges), study abroad experiences with the technology, pedagogical impact, and economic perspectives on its use.