This thesis reports results of precision mass spectrometry of exotic nuclides as a means of elucidating their structure. The work was performed with the ISOLTRAP spectrometer at CERN's ISOLDE facility. The author furthermore offers an overview of existing techniques used in Penning-trap mass spectrometry and also reports on recent promising developments regarding ISOLTRAP. This eloquently written treatment covers both theory and experiment, and includes a general phenomenological introduction to the nuclear-structure intuition contained in the trends of nuclear binding energies.

This book features material presented at the La Rabida 2018 International Scientific Meeting on Nuclear Physics, which was based on a well-known series of triennial international summer schools on Nuclear Physics organized from 1982 to 2003 by the Basic Nuclear Physics group at the University of Seville and latter, from 2009 to 2018, by the University of Seville and the University of Huelva. The meeting offered graduate students and young researchers a broad overview of the field of nuclear physics. The book includes contributions from invited speakers on topics such as a state-of-the-art nuclear shell model and selected aspects of mass spectroscopy. Other chapters present an introduction to shell model, a review of experimental nuclear reactions, a discussion of the theory of nuclear reactions and an overview of nuclear medicine. Further, the posters and seminars presented by students offer fresh perspectives on various problems current in nuclear physics.

In this classic, David Bohm was the first to offer us his causal interpretation of the quantum theory. Causality and Chance in Modern Physics continues to make possible further insight into the meaning of the quantum theory and to suggest ways of extending the theory into new directions.

The behaviour of many complex materials extends over time- and lengthscales well beyond those that can normally be described using standard molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulation techniques. As progress is coming more through refined simulation methods than from increased computer power, this volume is intended as both an introduction and a review of all relevant modern methods that will shape molecular simulation in the forthcoming decade. Written as a set of tutorial reviews, the book will be of use to specialists and nonspecialists alike.

The book highlights recent developments in the field of spectroscopy by providing the readers with an updated and high-level of overview. The focus of this book is on the introduction to concepts of modern spectroscopic techniques, recent technological innovations in this field, and current examples of applications to molecules and materials relevant for academia and industry. The book will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and is intended to point them to modern techniques, which might be useful for their specific problems. Spectroscopic techniques, that are discussed include, UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, SERS, TERS, CARS, IR absorption spectroscopy, SFG, LIBS, Quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, ellipsometry, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and evanescent wave-CRDS both in gas and condensed phases, time-resolved spectroscopy etc. Applications introduced in the different chapters demonstrates the usefulness of the spectroscopic techniques for the characterization of fundamental properties of molecules, e.g. in connection with environmental impact, bio-activity, or usefulness for pharmaceutical drugs, and materials important e.g. for nano-science, nuclear chemistry, or bio-applications. The book presents how spectroscopic techniques can help to better understand substances, which have also great impact on questions of social and economic relevance (environment, alternative energy, etc.).

Introduction: From Fluid Particles to Physical Particles; M. Mareschal, B.L. Holian. Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics: Theoretical Foundation and Rheological Application of NonEquilibrium Molecular Dynamics; G. Ciccotti, et al. Lattice Gases: Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of High Reynolds Number Fluid Flow in Two Dimensions; G. McNamara, B.J. Alder. Other Simulation Methods: A Contemporary Implementation of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method; G.A. Bird. Chaos, Turbulence, and Irreversibility: Lyapunov Exponents and Bulk Transport Coefficients; D. Evans, et al. Related Topics: Statistical Fracture Mechanics; A. Chudnovsky, B. Kunin. Recollections: The Long Time Tail Story; B.J. Adler. 22 additional articles. Index.

This gripping book brings back to life the events surrounding the internment of ten German Nuclear Scientists immediately after World War II. It is also an "eye-witness" account of the dawning of the nuclear age, with the dialogue and narrative spanning the period before, during and after atomic bombs were dropped on Japan at the end of the war. This pivotal historical episode is conveyed, along with the emotions as well as the facts, through drama, historical narrative, and photographs of the captive German nuclear scientists - who included Werner Heisenberg, Otto Hahn, and Max von Laue. The unique story that unfolds in the play is based on secretly recorded transcripts of the scientists' actual conversations at Farm Hall, together with related documents and photographs.

Advances in Quantum Chemistry presents surveys of current topics in this rapidly developing field that has emerged at the cross section of the historically established areas of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. It features detailed reviews written by leading international researchers. This series provides a one-stop resource for following progress in this interdisciplinary area.
Publishes articles, invited reviews and proceedings of major international conferences and workshops Written by leading international researchers in quantum and theoretical chemistry Highlights important interdisciplinary developments

This textbook is for a course in advanced solid-state theory. It is aimed at graduate students in their third or fourth year of study who wish to learn the advanced techniques of solid-state theoretical physics. The method of Green's functions is introduced at the beginning and used throughout. Indeed, it could be considered a book on practical applications of Green's functions, although I prefer to call it a book on physics. The method of Green's functions has been used by many theorists to derive equations which, when solved, provide an accurate numerical description of many processes in solids and quantum fluids. In this book I attempt to summarize many of these theories in order to show how Green's functions are used to solve real problems. My goal, in writing each section, is to describe calculations which can be compared with experiments and to provide these comparisons whenever available. The student is expected to have a background in quantum mechanics at the level acquired from a graduate course using the textbook by either L. I. Schiff, A. S. Davydov, or I. Landau and E. M. Lifshiftz. Similarly, a prior course in solid-state physics is expected, since the reader is assumed to know concepts such as Brillouin zones and energy band theory. Each chapter has problems which are an important part of the lesson; the problems often provide physical insights which are not in the text. Sometimes the answers to the problems are provided, but usually not.

Optical Coherence Tomography represents the ultimate noninvasive ocular imaging technique although being in the field for over two-decades. This book encompasses both medical and technical developments and recent achievements. Here, the authors cover the field of application from the anterior to the posterior ocular segments (Part I) and present a comprehensive review on the development of OCT. Important developments towards clinical applications are covered in Part II, ranging from the adaptive optics to the integration on a slit-lamp, and passing through new structural and functional information extraction from OCT data. The book is intended to be informative, coherent and comprehensive for both the medical and technical communities and aims at easing the communication between the two fields and bridging the gap between the two scientific communities.

Volume 55 of the Advances Series contains seven contributions, covering a diversity of subject areas in atomic, molecular and optical physics. In their contribution, Stowe, Thorpe, Pe'er, Ye, Stalnaker, Gerginov, and Diddams explore recent developments in direct frequency comb spectroscopy. Precise phase coherence among successive ultrashort pulses of a frequency comb allows one to probe fast dynamics in the time domain and high-resolution structural information in the frequency domain for both atoms and molecules. The authors provide a detailed review of some of the current applications that exploit the unique features of frequency comb spectroscopy and discuss its future directions. Yurvsky, Olshanii and Weiss review theory and experiment of elongated atom traps that confine ultracold gases in a quasi-one-dimensional regime. Under certain conditions, these quasi-one-dimensional gases are well-described by integrable one-dimensional many-body models with exact quantum solutions. Thermodynamic and correlation properties of one such model that has been experimentally realized are reviewed. DePaola, Morgenstein and Andersen discuss magneto-optical trap recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (MOTRIMS), exploring collisions between a projectile and target resulting in charged target fragments. MOTRIMS combines the technology of laser cooling and trapping of target atoms with the momentum analysis of the charged fragments that recoil from the target. The authors review the different MOTRIMS experimental approaches and the spectroscopic and collisional investigations performed so far. Safronova and Johnson give an overview of atomic many-body perturbation theory and discuss why extensions of thetheory are needed. They present "all-order" results based on a linearized version of coupled cluster expansions and apply the theory to calculations of energies, transition matrix elements and hyperfine constants. Another contribution on atomic theory, authored by Fischer, explores the advantages of expanding the atomic radial wave functions in a B-spline basis. The differential equations are replaced by non-linear systems of equations and the problems of orthogonality requirements can be dealt with using projection operators. Electron-ion collisional processes are analyzed by Mueller, including descriptions of the experimental techniques needed to obtain cross section data and typical values for these cross sections. The present status of the field is discussed in relation to the detailed cross sections and rate coefficients that are needed for understanding laboratory or astrophysical plasmas. Finally, Duan and Monroe review ways to achieve scalable and robust quantum communication, state engineering, and quantum computation. Using radiation and atoms, ions, or atomic ensembles, they show that they can construct scalable quantum networks that are inherently insensitive to noise. Progress in experimental realization of their proposals is outlined.
-International experts
-Comprehensive articles
-New developments

This volume of Advances in Nuclear Physics addresses two very different frontiers of contemporary nuclear physics - one highly theoretical and the other solidly phenomenological. The first article by Matthias Burkardt provides a pedagogical overview of the timely topic of light front quantization. Although introduced decades ago by Dirac, light front quantization has been a central focus in theoretical - clear and particle physics in recent years for two majorreasons. The first, as discussed in detail by Burkardt, is that light-cone coordinates are the natural coordinates for describing high-energy scattering. The wealth of data in recent years on nucleon and nucleus structure functions from high-energy lepton and hadron scattering thus provides a strong impetus for understanding QCD on the light cone. Second, as theorists have explored light front quantization, a host of deep and intriguing theoretical questions have arisen associated with the triviality of the vacuum, the role of zero modes, rotational invariance, and renormalization. These issues are so compelling that they are now intensively investigated on their own merit, independent of the particular application to high-energy scattering. This article provides an excellent introduction and overview of the motivation from high-energy scattering, an accessible - scription of the basic ideas, an insightful discussion of the open problems, and a helpful guide to the specialized literature. It is an ideal opportunity for those with a spectator's acquaintance to develop a deeper understanding of this important field.

This thesis reports on investigations of a specific collective mode of nuclear vibration, the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR), the nuclear "breathing mode", the energy of which is directly related to a fundamental property of nuclei-the nuclear incompressibility. The alpha inelastic scattering experiments reported in this thesis have been critical to answering some fundamental questions about nuclear incompressibility and the symmetry energy, quantities that are crucial to our understanding of a number of phenomena in nuclear physics and astrophysics, including collective excitations in nuclei, radii of neutron stars, and the nature of stellar collapse and supernova explosions. The work described included three sets of experiments and subsequent sophisticated data analysis, both leading to results that have been welcomed by the community and recognised as important contributions to the field.

Life is an enduring mystery. Yet, science tells us that living beings are merely sophisticated structures of lifeless molecules. If this view is correct, where do the seemingly purposeful motions of cells and organisms originate? In Life's Ratchet , physicist Peter M. Hoffmann locates the answer to this age-old question at the nanoscale.Below the calm, ordered exterior of a living organism lies microscopic chaos, or what Hoffmann calls the molecular storm,specialized molecules immersed in a whirlwind of colliding water molecules. Our cells are filled with molecular machines, which, like tiny ratchets, transform random motion into ordered activity, and create the purpose" that is the hallmark of life. Tiny electrical motors turn electrical voltage into motion, nanoscale factories custom-build other molecular machines, and mechanical machines twist, untwist, separate and package strands of DNA. The cell is like a city,an unfathomable, complex collection of molecular workers working together to create something greater than themselves.Life, Hoffman argues, emerges from the random motions of atoms filtered through these sophisticated structures of our evolved machinery. We are agglomerations of interacting nanoscale machines more amazing than anything in science fiction. Rather than relying on some mysterious life force" to drive them,as people believed for centuries,life's ratchets harness instead the second law of thermodynamics and the disorder of the molecular storm.Grounded in Hoffmann's own cutting-edge research, Life's Ratchet reveals the incredible findings of modern nanotechnology to tell the story of how the noisy world of atoms gives rise to life itself.

This book presents physical units and widely used physical formulas, which are given together with conversion factors in various units. It includes frequently used atomic spectra and data for atoms, ions and molecules, as well as potential curves for diatomic molecules, and provides numerical parameters for transport phenomena in gases and plasmas. Further, the rate constants of a number of processes in atmospheric ionized air have been added to this second edition of the book. The numerical data has been selected from the information on atoms, atomic systems, atomic processes and models for atomic physics in this area, and the numerical parameters of atoms, ions and atom systems are included in periodical tables of elements.

This is the first book to discuss the search for new physics in charged leptons, neutrons, and quarks in one coherent volume. The area of indirect searches for new physics is highly topical; though no new physics particles have yet been observed directly at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the methods described in this book will provide researchers with the necessary tools to keep searching for new physics. It describes the lines of research that attempt to identify quantum effects of new physics particles in low-energy experiments, in addition to detailing the mathematical basis and theoretical and phenomenological methods involved in the searches, whilst making a clear distinction between model-dependent and model-independent methods employed to make predictions. This book will be a valuable guide for graduate students and early-career researchers in particle and high energy physics who wish to learn about the techniques used in modern predictions of new physics effects at low energies, whilst also serving as a reference for researchers at other levels. Key features: * Takes an accessible, pedagogical approach suitable for graduate students and those seeking an overview of this new and fast-growing field * Illustrates common theoretical trends seen in different subfields of particle physics * Valuable both for researchers in the phenomenology of elementary particles and for experimentalists

This volume contains the proceedings of the third Euroconference on Atomic Phys ics at Accelerators (APAC 2001), with the title Stored Particles and Fundamental Physics. It was held in Aarhus, Denmark, from September 8 to 13 at the Marselis Hotel located near the beach and the Marselis Woods outside Aarhus, but some of the activities took place at the Department of Physics, University of Aarhus. The conference was sponsored by the Commission of the European Union (Contract No. ERBFMMACT980469) and also by the Danish Research Foundation through ACAP (Aarhus Center for Atomic Physics). The meeting was focused on the application of storage rings for atomic physics, and there are two fairly small rings in Aarhus, ASTRID (Aarhus STorage Ring for Ions, Denmark) and ELISA (ELectrostatic Ion Storage ring, Aarhus). The research at these rings has contributed to the strong position of European Science in this field. Both rings are designed according to unique concepts. ASTRID is a dual purpose ring, which half the time stores electrons for the generation of low-energy synchrotron radiation. The storage of negative particles has also been a unique feature for the application of ASTRID as an ion storage ring."

This comprehensive text presents not only a detailed exposition of the basic principles of nuclear physics but also provides a contemporary flavour by covering the recent developments in the field. Starting with a synoptic view of the subject, the book explains various physical phenomena in nuclear physics along with experimental methods of measurement. Nuclear forces as encountered in two body problems are detailed next followed by the problems of radioactive decay. Nuclear reactions are then comprehensively explained along with the various models of reaction mechanism. This is followed by recent developments like the pre-equilibrium model and heavy ions induced reaction.

Condensed-matter physics plays an ever increasing role in photonics, electronic and atomic collisions research. Dispersion (Dynamics and Relaxation) includes scattering/collisions in the gaseous phase. It also includes thermal agitation, tunneling and relaxation in the liquid and solid phases. Classical mechanics, classical statistical mechanics, classical relativity and quantum mechanics are all implicated. 'Semiclassical' essentially means that there is a large or asymptotic real parameter. 'Semiclassical' can also mean 'classical with first-order quantal correction', based on an exponentiated Liouville series commencing with a simple pole in the -plane, being Planck's reduced constant and coming with all the attendant connection problems associated with the singularity at the turning or transition point and with the Stokes phenomenon. Equally,' semiclassical' can mean 'electrons described quantally and the heavy particles classically'. This latter gives rise to the so-called impact parameter method based on a pre-assigned classical trajectory. With evermore sophisticated experiments, it has become equally more important to test theory over a wider range of parameters. For instance, at low impact energies in heavy-particle collisions, the inverse velocity is a large parameter; in single-domain ferromagnetism, thermal agitation (including Brownian motion and continuous-time random walks) is faced with a barrier of height 'sigma', a possibly large parameter. Methods of solution include phase-integral analysis, integral transforms and change-of-dependent variable. We shall consider the Schroedinger time-independent and time-dependent equations, the Dirac equation, the Fokker Planck equation, the Langevin equation and the equations of Einstein's classical general relativity equations. There is an increasing tendency among physicists to decry applied mathematics and theoretical physics in favour of computational blackboxes. One may say applied mathematics concerns hard sums and products (and their inverses) but unless one can simplify and sum infinite series of products of infinite series, can one believe the results of a computer program? The era of the polymath has passed; this book proposal aims to show the relevance to, and impact of theory on, laboratory scientists.

Covering both theory and applications, this important work provides a comprehensive introduction to the modern theory of X-ray and electronic spectra of free atoms. Romas Karazija discusses methods of angular momenta, irreducible tensorial operators, and coefficients of fractional parentage and their use in determining cross sections and probabilities of elementary processes. In addition, Karazija addresses the structure of electronic shells with inner vacancies and many-body effects.

This book describes the coupling between elementary processes, plasma kinetics and electrodynamics in different types of electrical discharges and under non-equilibrium conditions. Analytical methods based on rigorous kinetic theory are developed to interpret the results obtained by numerical methods. Particular emphasis is placed on the kinetics of non-equilibrium N2, O2 and N2-02 plasmas as well as on conditions relevant to atmospheric physics, reentry problems and acoustic and shock waves in non-equilibrium atmospheric gases.

This volume contains papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Application of Lasers in Atomic Nuclei Research, LASER 2006, held in Poznan, Poland, May 29-June 01, 2006. Researchers and PhD students interested in recent results in the nuclear structure investigation by laser spectroscopy, the progress of the experimental technique and the future developments in the field will find this volume indispensable.

The neutron is an elementary particle that has been extensively studied, both theoretically and experimentally. This book reviews and analyses the results of the mainly experimental research on the neutron and rationalizes what is known so far about its intrinsic properties. The book covers topics that have not previously been dealt with in detail, including the gravitational properties of the neutron, precise determination of its mass, beta-decay, and its electromagnetic properties. This translation is an updated version of the original Russian text and also covers the more recent advances made during the past 7-8 years, including the application of methods based on the storage of ultra-cold neutrons to the study of beta-decay, new precise measurement of the mass of the neutron, and confirmation of modern theories of the internal structure of the neutron.

Launching of the Coral Gables Conferences on High Energy Physics and Cosmology: The Launching of the Coral Gables Conferences on High Energy Physics and Cosmology and the Establishment of the Center for Theoretical Studies at the University of Miami; B.N. Kursunoglu. Neutrino Physics: Neutrino Oscillations at Accelerators; F. Vannucci. KARMEN: Present Neutrino Oscillation Limits and Perspectives after the Upgrade; G. Drexlin. Progress on New and Old Ideas: Exotic Hadrons; D.B. Lichtenberg. Orthogonal Mixing and CP Violation; P.H. Frampton. Round Trip Between Cosmology and Elementary Particles: Physics of Mass; B.N. Kursunoglu. Progress and Prospects in the Direct Search for Supersymmetric and Dark Matter Particles; D.B. Cline. Gauge Symmetries, Gravity and Srings: Gauge Symmetry in Fivebrane Conformal Field Theory; L. Dolan. Exact Local Supersymmetry Absence of Superpartners and Noncommutative; F. Mansouri. Light Cone Quantization: Adjoint QCD2 in Large N; S. Pinsky. Nonperturbative Renormalization in Light-Cone Quantization; J.R.Hiller. Current Experiments in High Energy Physics: Search for New Particles with DELPHI at LEP2; W. Adam. W Physics Results from DELPHI; H.T. Phillips. 8 Additional Articles. Index.