This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the 7th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2006, held in Alicante, Spain, September 20-22, 2006.

The revised papers presented together with an introduction were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on Multilingual Textual Document Retrieval, Domain-Specifig Information Retrieval, i-CLEF, QA@CLEF, ImageCLEF, CLSR, WebCLEF and GeoCLEF.

This issue of Library Technology Reports (vol. 54, no. 4) looks into the wide definition of accessibility for library patrons within the area of instruction. This topic is discussed in some depth in schools of library science as well as in faculty development and instructional design. This report will encourage readers to think more critically about the technologies that faculty and staff use to address the needs of all patrons served. This report will also aid in identifying and using new methods for addressing the needs of all patrons through a wide range of modalities (closed-captioning, transcription, video, text to speech, image to text, etc.). This contributed work will examine accessibility, technology, and librarianship across a wide spectrum. Ida Mae Craddock will discuss using virtual reality and Google Expeditions with second language learners. Helen Turner and Patrick Lee Lucas will delve into universal design and providing equitable access to students in the University of Kentucky’s College of Design. George Shaw will investigate instruction and access for students taking an online computer programming course. Robert Browder will discuss how to make library materials accessible to readers through PDF scanning. Stacy Brown will discuss the impact of littleBits with students at the K–12 level in libraries. Aisha S. Haynes will examine Quality Matters accessibility measures, online instruction, library partnerships, and professional development. Stacy Hammer will complete the report with a look into the differentiation of instruction in libraries and how technology can be used with students in the K–12 setting.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third Asia Information Retrieval Symposium, AIRS 2006, held in Singapore in October 2006.

The 34 revised full papers and 24 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions. All current issues in information retrieval are addressed: applications, systems, technologies and theoretical aspects of information retrieval in text, audio, image, video and multi-media data. The papers are organized in topical sections on text retrieval, search and extraction, text classification and indexing, text clustering, information retrieval models, web information retrieval, cross-language information retrieval, question answering and summarization, natural language processing, evaluation, multimedia information retrieval, as well as a special session on medical image retrieval.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the 6th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2005, held in Vienna, Austria in September 2005.

The 111 revised papers presented together with an introduction were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on multilingual textual document retrieval, cross-language and more, monolingual experiments, domain-specific information retrieval, interactive cross-language information retrieval, multiple language question answering, cross-language retrieval in image collections, cross-language speech retrieval, multilingual Web track, cross-language geographical retrieval, and evaluation issues.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, RR 2007, held in Innsbruck, Austria in June 2007 as a merger of the three previously separate events: International Workshop on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning (PPSWR), the International Conference on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web (RuleML), and the International Workshop on Reasoning on the Web (RoW).

The 14 revised full papers, 15 revised short papers presented together with 7 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from over 60 submissions. The papers address all current topics in Web reasoning and rule systems such as acquisition of rules and ontologies by knowledge extraction, design and analysis of reasoning languages, implemented tools and systems, standardization, ontology usability, ontology languages and their relationships, rules and ontologies, reasoning with uncertainty, reasoning with constraints, rule languages and systems, semantic Web services modeling and applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 28th European Conference on Information Retrieval Research, ECIR 2006, held in London, April 2006. The 37 revised full papers and 28 revised poster papers presented are organized in topical sections on formal models, document and query representation and text understanding, topic identification and news retrieval, clustering and classification, refinement and feedback, performance and peer-to-peer networks, Web search, cross-language retrieval, genomic IR, and much more.

The fourth campaign of the Cross-language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) for European languages was held from January to August 2003. Participation in this campaign showed a slight rise in the number of participants from the previous year, with 42 groups submitting results for one or more of the different tracks (compared with 37 in 2002), but a steep rise in the number of experiments attempted. A distinctive feature of CLEF 2003 was the number of new tracks and tasks that were offered as pilot experiments. The aim was to try out new ideas and to encourage the development of new evaluation methodologies, suited to the emerging requirements of both system developers and users with respect to today s digital collections and to encourage work on many European languages rather than just those most widely used. CLEF is thus gradually pushing its participants towards the ultimate goal: the development of truly multilingual systems capable of processing collections in diverse media. The campaign culminated in a two-day workshop held in Trondheim, Norway, 21 22 August, immediately following the 7th European Conference on Digital Libraries (ECDL 2003), and attended by more than 70 researchers and system developers. The objective of the workshop was to bring together the groups that had participated in the CLEF 2003 campaign so that they could report on the results of their experiments."

The Semantic Web o?ers new options for information processes. Dr. Visser is dealing with twocore issuesin this area: the integrationofdata onthe sem- tic level and the problem of spatio-temporalrepresentation and reasoning. He tackles existing research problems within the ?eld of geographic information systems(GIS), thesolutionsofwhichareessentialfor animprovedfunction- ity of applicationsthat makeuse of the Semantic Web (e.g., for heterogeneous digitalmaps).Inaddition, theyareoffundamentalsigni?canceforinformation sciences as such. In an introductory overview of this ?eld of research, he motivates the - cessity for formal metadata for unstructured information in the World Wide Web. Without metadata, an e?cient search on a semantic level will turn out to be impossible, above all if it is not only applied to a terminological level but also to spatial-temporal knowledge. In this context, the task of infor- tionintegrationisdividedinto syntactic, structural, andsemanticintegration, the last class by far the most di?cult, above all with respect to contextual semantic heterogeneities. A current overview of the state of the art in the ?eld of information in- gration follows. Emphasis is put particularly on the representation of spatial and temporal aspects including the corresponding inference mechanisms, and also the special requirements on the Open GIS Consort

We are delighted to present the ECDL 2004 Conference proceedings from the 8th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital - braries at the University of Bath, Bath, UK. This followed an impressive and geographicallydispersedseriesof locationsfor previousevents: Pisa(1997), H- aklion(1998), Paris(1999), Lisbon (2000), Darmstadt(2001), Rome (2002), and Trondheim (2003). The conference re?ected the rapidly evolving landscape of digital libraries, both in technology developments and in the focus of approaches to implem- tation. An emphasis on the requirements of the individual user and of diverse and distributed user communities was apparent. In addition, the conference p- gramme began to address, possibly for the ?rst time, the associated themes of e-research/e-scienceand e-learning and their relationship to digital libraries. We observed increasing commonality in both the distributed information archit- tures and the technical standards that underpin global infrastructure devel- ments. Digital libraries are integral to this information landscape and to the creation of increasingly powerful tools and applications for resource discovery and knowledge extraction. Digital libraries support and facilitate the data and information ?ows within the scholarly knowledge cycle and provide essential - abling functionality for both learnersand researchers. The varied and innovative research activities presented at ECDL 2004 demonstrate the exciting potential of this very fast-moving ?eld. The 148 papers, 43 posters, 5 panels, 14 tutorials and 4 workshops subm- ted this year were once again of the highest qu

This volume is the first to examine the social, cultural, and political implications of the shift from the traditional forms and functions of print-based libraries to the delivery of online information in educational contexts. Libr@ries are conceptualized as physical places, virtual spaces, communities of literate practice, and discourses of information work. Despite the centrality of libraries in literacy and learning, the study of libraries has remained isolated within the disciplinary boundaries of information and library science since its inception in the early twentieth century. The aim of this book is to problematize and thereby mainstream this field of intellectual endeavor and inquiry. Collectively the contributors interrogate the presuppositions of current library practice, seek to understand how library as place and library as space blend together in ways that may be both contradictory and complementary, and envision new modes of information access and new multimodal literacies enabled by online environments. Libr@ries: Changing Information Space and Practice is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and educators in the fields of literacy and multiliteracies education, communication technologies in education, library sciences, information and communication studies, media and cultural studies, and the sociology of computer-mediated space.

* Covers the brand new Portlet Specification (JSR-168) to provide a standard API to portal applications. * Focuses on the key issues of portal development including integration, security and single sign-on. * Readers can learn how to port existing applications into the new portal environment firsthand from Jeff Linwood who helped to create the actual specification. * Readers can learn how to port existing applications into the new portal environment firsthand from Jeff Linwood who helped to create the actual specifications.

Theseproceedingscontaintherefereedfulltechnicalpaperspresentedatthe26th Annual European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2004). ECIR is theannualconferenceoftheBritishComputerSociety'sspecialistgroupinInf- mation Retrieval. This year the conference was held at the School of Computing and Technology at the University of Sunderland. ECIR began life as the - nual Colloquium on Information Retrieval Research. The colloquium was held in the UK each year until 1998 when the event was held in Grenoble, France. Since then the conference venue has alternated between the United Kingdom and Continental Europe, and the event was renamed the European Conference on Information Retrieval. In recent years, ECIR has continued to grow and has become the major European forum for the discussion of research in the ?eld of Information Retrieval. To mark this metamorphosis from a small informal c- loquium to a major event in the IR research calendar, the BCS-IRSG decided to rename the event to the European Conference on Information Retrieval. ECIR2004received88fullpapersubmissions, fromacrossEuropeandfurther a?eldincludingNorthAmerica, ChinaandAustralia, atestamenttothegrowing popularity and reputation of the conference. Out of the 88 submitted papers, 28 were accepted for presentation. All papers were reviewed by at least three reviewers. Among the accepted papers 11 have a student as the primary author, illustrating that the traditional student focus of the original colloquium is alive today.

The International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL) is an annual international forum that provides opportunities for researchers and experts to meet and exchange research results, innovative ideas and state-of-the-art de- lopments in the digital libraries of their respective countries. Building on the success of the ?rst ?ve ICADL conferences, the 6th ICADL conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aimed to further strengthen the collaboration and strategic alliance between the di?erent researchers and experts from the Asia-Paci?c - gion in the ?eld of digital libraries. Thethemeoftheconference, DigitalLibraries: TechnologyandManagement of Indigenous Knowledge for Global Access, re?ects the shared belief of the - ganizers that success in the development and implementation of digital libraries in the k-economy is based on four key areas: the technologies that are employed to create a user-friendly environment, organization, interaction, navigation, and access to content; a knowledge management approach that ensures all types of knowledge (explicit, tacit and implicit) are included; indigenous content, which implies the creation of suitable and speci?c content to meet the needs of the indigenous community; and global access, which implies that content should be made available across time and space, and also implies that the content should be ?exible enough to meet global needs. The ICADL 2003 began with an opening ceremony and a keynote address."

The third campaignof the Cross-LanguageEvaluation Forum (CLEF) for Eu- pean languages was held from January to September 2002. Participation in this campaignshowedaslightriseinthenumberofparticipantswith,37groupsfrom both academia and industry and a steep rise in the number of experiments they submitted for oneor moreof the ?ve o?cialtracks. The campaignculminated in atwo-dayworkshopheldinRome, Italy,19-20September, immediatelyfollowing the Sixth European Conference on Digital Libraries (ECDL 2002), attended by nearly 70 researchersand system developers. The objective of the workshop was to bring together the groups that had participated in CLEF 2002 so that they could report on the results of their experiments. Attendance at the workshop was thus limited to participants in the campaignplus severalinvited guests with recognized expertise in the multilingual information access ?eld. This volume contains thoroughly revised and expanded versions of the preliminary papers presented at the workshop accompanied by a complete run-down and detailed analysis of the results, and it thus provides an exhaustive record of the CLEF 2002 campaign. CLEF2002 wasconducted within the frameworkof a projectof the Infor- tion Society Technologies programme of the European Commission (IST-2000- 31002). The campaign was organized in collaboration with the US National - stitute ofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)andwiththe supportoftheDELOS Network of Excellence for Digital Libraries. The support of NIST and DELOS in the running of the evaluation campaign is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank the other members of the Workshop Steering Committee for their assistance in the coordination of this even

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Retrieval Research, ECIR 2003, held in Pisa, Italy, in April 2003. The 31 revised full papers and 16 short papers presented together with two invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 101 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on IR and the Web; retrieval of structured documents; collaborative filtering and text mining; text representation and natural language processing; formal models and language models for IR; machine learning and IR; text categorization; usability, interactivity, and visualization; and architectural issues and efficiency.

This fifth edition of Looking for Information is redesigned to reflect the breadth of research across information behaviour studies, with a new streamlined, six-chapter structure, presenting a refreshed look at people’s information needs and seeking practices, while also embracing contemporary concepts such as information use, creation, and embodiment. This edition retains its core purpose by highlighting essential aspects of research on people’s information behaviours, including detailed examples from more than 1200 research publications. The authors present historic works (including those focused on people’s occupations) alongside contemporary research addressing the situations and contexts that shape people’s experiences. Studies using innovative methodological or theoretical approaches, and those reflecting ongoing shifts towards interdisciplinarity are also featured. The authors carefully balance quick access to summaries and highlights, alongside long-form narratives, while retaining the content and focus that readers of Looking for Information have come to expect. Each chapter serves as a stand-alone piece of writing, with its own reference list and Must-Read recommendations, facilitating e-reading and inclusion on course syllabi. All these features will enhance readers’ experiences of this new edition.

In this book, first published in 1983, experts in US national, state, and regional network associations provide stimulating discussions of their experiences, problems, and successes. This volume is based on the symposium, 'Networking: Where From Here?'.

This book, first published in 1995, describes how automation is changing the face of acquisitions as librarians know it and making the future uncertain yet exciting. It documents how libraries have increasingly moved to powerful, second-generation interfaceable or integrated systems that can control all aspects of library operations. The libraries presented as examples show that increasing user expectations, the siren call of cyberspace and network connectivity, and administrative faith in the savings to be obtained from electronic technical services continue to drive the migration to higher-level library management systems.

Information Spaces: The Architecture of Cyberspace is aimed at students taking information management as a minor in their course as well as those who manage document collections but who are not professional librarians. The first part of this book looks at how users find documents and the problems they have; the second part discusses how to manage the information space using various tools such as classification and controlled vocabularies. It also explores the general issues of publishing, including legal considerations, as well the main issues of creating and managing archives. Supported by exercises and discussion questions at the end of each chapter, the book includes some sample assignments suitable for use with students of this subject. A glossary is also provided to help readers understand the specialised vocabulary and the key concepts in the design and assessment of information spaces.

Online Searching puts aspiring librarians on the fast track to becoming expert searchers who unite users with trusted sources of information that satisfy their information needs. To unite users with such sources, master this seven-step online searching process: 1. Determining what the user really wants in the reference interview 2. Identifying sources that are likely to produce relevant information for the user's query 3. Determining whether the user seeks a known item or subject 4. Dividing the query into big ideas and combining them logically 5. Representing the query as input to the search system 6. Conducting the search and responding strategically 7. Displaying retrievals, assessing them, and responding tactically This second edition addresses the implications of new technical advances that affect expert intermediary searchers such as the library's "everything" search, the choice between classic and discovery OPACs, and the role of digital object identifiers (DOIs) and Open Researcher and Contributor IDs (ORCIDs) in known-item searching. It also advises expert searchers about how today's hot-button issues such as social media, fake news, and truth in the post-truth area figure into the searches they conduct for others and what they teach library users about online searching. Online Searching contains numerous figures and sample searches to illustrate complex concepts, questions and answers to reinforce key ideas, a sample database to show how online searching works, a technical reading to familiarize yourself with new search systems and databases, and a glossary to facilitate quick look-ups. The e-book features enhanced video content. Online Searching is your go-to guidebook for becoming an expert searcher.

Digital Libraries are complex and advanced forms of information systems which extend and augment their physical counterparts by amplifying existing resources and services and enabling development of new kinds of human problem solving and expression. Their complexity arises from the data-rich domain of discourse as well as from extended demands for multi-disciplinary input, involving distributed systems architectures, structured digital documents, collaboration support, human-computer interaction, information filtering, etc. In addition to the broad range of technical issues, ethics and intellectual property rights add to the complication that is normally associated with the development, maintenance, and use of Digital Libraries. The Second European Conference on Digital Libraries (ECDL'98) builds upon the success of the first of this series of European Conferences on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, held last year in Pisa, Italy, September 1-3, 1997. This series of conferences is partially funded by the TMR Programme of the European Commission and is actively supported and promoted by the European Research Consortium on Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM). The aim is to bring together the different communities involved in the development of Digital Libraries, to review progress and to discuss strategies, research and technological development (RTD) issues, as well as specific topics related to the European context. These communities include professionals from universities, research centres, industry, government agencies, public libraries, etc.

This book coherently documents the results and experiences of a major digital library pilot effort, the MeDoc project (Multimedia Electronic Documents). This two-year project was initiated by the German Informatics Society (GI) and involved authors, publishers, librarians, and computer science departments. The prototype distributed digital library system developed during the initiative was operated in a nationwide trial for several months. The book presents the technical and operational results achieved during the project as well as input from foreign digital library activities. Besides professionals active in the area of digital library research and design, this book addresses librarians and others engaged in scientific publishing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries held in Pisa, Italy, in September 1997.
The volume presents 23 revised full papers selected from 77 submissions. Also included are two invited contributions. The papers are organized in topical sections on supporting user interfaces, metadata, information retrieval, DL architectures, multilingual information retrieval, structured documents, and case studies.

This book constitutes a carefully arranged selection of papers presented at the Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries, ADL'95, held in McLean, Virginia, USA in May 1995.
Besides 15 revised refereed technical contributions, the book presents four invited survey papers by key persons heading institutions and projects essentially advancing the state of the art: France Cordova (NASA), James H. Billington (The Library of Congress), Raj Reddy (CMU), and Larry Smarr (NCSA, University of Illinois). The technical papers are organized in topical sections on visualization, document handling and information retrieval, network-based information and resource discovery, and design issues and prototyping.

This volume is the first book coherently summarizing the current issues in digital libraries research, design and management. It presents, in a homogeneous way, thoroughly revised versions of 15 papers accepted for the First International Workshop on Digital Libraries, DL '94, held at Rutgers University in May 1994; in addition there are two introductory chapters provided by the volume editors, as well as a comprehensive bibliography listing 262 entries.
Besides introductory aspects, the topics addressed are administration and management, information retrieval and hypertext, classification and indexing, and prototypes and applications. The volume is intended for researchers and design professionals in the field, as well as for experts from libraries administration and scientific publishing.