While the grading of student writing is of central concern to composition studies and to teaching, the process has not been clearly defined. The act of assigning a grade raises such issues as how teachers read student writing, whether form and content are of equal concern, what the purpose of grading is, and whether grading should take place at all. The vagueness of grading points to the complexity of the topic, which encompasses such matters as student peer review, psychometrics, student-teacher conferences, portfolios, collaborative learning, and English-as-a-Second-Language. Because of the centrality of grading and its complexity, the topic has generated a large body of literature. This reference book is a helpful guide to the vast and sometimes bewildering body of research on the grading of student writing.

The volume includes entries for more than 1300 books and articles on grading published between 1970 and 1996. Each entry includes an annotation that summarizes the work and its importance. The entries are grouped in several broad chapters, with most chapters containing numerous subsections. Thus the book covers such topics as holistic grading, portfolio assessment, collaborative approaches to assessment, essay tests, creative writing, whole language, standardized tests, and student progress. The entries are arranged alphabetically within each subsection, and the author and subject indexes allow the user to access information quickly.

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In 1904 a new journal, Archiv Fur Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, was introduced in Germany. The journal, which included the writings of some of the foremost scholars of the day, as well as those who gained recognition and influence in later years, appeared regularly until its suspension in 1933. Writing during a period of extreme political difficulty, widespread intellectual uncertainty, and continuing crisis, these scholars, some of whom are still widely studied today, challenged social philosophy and social science to respond adequately to the increasing complexity of industrial society. This book offers the first history of the Archiv and its contributors, as well as extensive indexes to its articles and an assessment of their social and political significance.

The untold story of a quirky and important subculture: The world of 78rpm records and the insular community that celebrates them--by acclaimed music critic and author Amanda Petrusich, who contributes regularly to "Pitchfork," "The Oxford American," and "The New York Times."
Before MP3s, CDs, and cassette tapes, even before LPs or 45s, the world listened to music on 78rpm records--those fragile, 10-inch shellac discs. While vinyl records have enjoyed a renaissance in recent years, good 78s are exponentially harder to come by and play. A recent eBay auction for the only known copy of a particular record topped out at $37,100. "Do Not Sell at Any Price "explores the rarified world of the 78rpm record--from the format's heyday to its near extinction--and how collectors and archivists are working frantically to preserve the music before it's lost forever.
Through fascinating historical research and beguiling visits with the most prominent 78 preservers, Amanda Petrusich offers both a singular glimpse of the world of 78 collecting and the lost backwoods blues artists whose 78s from the 1920s and 1930s have yet to be found or heard by modern ears. We follow the author's descent into the oddball fraternity of collectors--including adventures with Joe Bussard, Chris King, John Tefteller, Pete Whelan, and more--who create and follow their own rules, vocabulary, and economics and explore the elemental genres of blues, folk, jazz, and gospel that gave seed to the rock, pop, country, and hip-hop we hear today. From Thomas Edison to Jack White, "Do Not Sell at Any Price "is an untold, intriguing story of preservation, loss, obsession, art, and the evolution of the recording formats that have changed the ways we listen to (and create) music.

This study chronicles the life and career of Ellen Stewart and her experimental theater, Cafe La Mama. Once an accomplished Black fashion designer, Stewart--with no experience in theater--founded and developed one of the most influential experimental theaters in the world. The volume includes a short biography, a chronology of the most significant events related to Stewart and La Mama, a record of the more than 1400 plays produced at La Mama, and an annotated bibliography. Appendices list La Mama's Obie awards, awards won by Stewart, and shows directed by Stewart. The volume presents a fascinating account of the physical, emotional, and political conditions surrounding the history of Cafe La Mama, while focusing on a Black American artist who boldly forged a niche in an area previously inaccessible to Black women.

This is the first comprehensive scholarly bibliography/research guide/sourcebook on the major French Fauve painters (Henri Matisse and Georges Braque are treated in separate Greenwood bio-bibliographies). It includes information on 3,120 books and articles as well as chronologies, biographical sketches, and exhibition lists. Each artist receives a primary and secondary bibliography with many annotated entries. Secondary bibliographies include details about each artists' life and career, relationships with other artists, work in various media, iconography, and more. Designed for art historians, art students, museum and gallery curators, and art lovers alike, this volume organizes the vast literature surrounding this fascinating, revolutionary, 20th-century art group. Genuinely new art is always challenging, sometimes even shocking to those unprepared for it. In 1905, the paintings of Matisse, Derain, Vlaminck and their friends shocked conservative museum-goers; hence, the eventual popularity of art critic Louis Vauxcelles's tag les fauves, or "wild beasts" by which these artists became known. Although it lasted only three or four years, Fauvism is recognized as the first artistic revolution of international consequence in the 20th century. It was based on the glorification of pure saturated colors and the free expression of primitivism. It was a dynamic sensualism; an equilibrium of passion and order, fire and austerity that could not last. By the end of 1908, Fauvism collapsed in the face of Cubism, which, moreover, several Fauve artists helped to form.

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Winston S. Churchill often used proverbs in his many speeches, correspondence, and other writings. This book is a detailed index to proverbs in his works. An introductory essay explores the importance of proverbs in Churchill's writings. The essay is followed by an index to proverbs, based on the most significant key-word. Each entry cites the source of the proverb in an edition of Chruchill's works and provides a reference to standard proverb dictionaries for future information.

Winston S. Churchill's leading role on the 20th-century world stage is perhaps better documented than that of any other participant. He is the subject of the most extensive biography yet written, and all his speeches, many of his occasional writings, and much of his correspondence have been published. Proverbs figure prominently in his work, and this book provides a detailed index to the many proverbs Churchill used in his voluminous writings.

The book begins with an introductory essay that discusses and analyzes the importance of proverbs in Churchill's works. The bulk of the volume is a key-word index to the occurrence of proverbs in his writings, with the proverbs arranged according to the most significant word in the text. The quotation from Churchill is accompanied by a citation to the source in one of the editions of his works consulted. Each entry also provides a reference to a standard proverb dictionary, which the readers may consult to learn more about the history of the proverb. Appendices overview the frequency and distribution of proverbs in Churchill's writings.

This book profiles scenic designers who worked on Broadway between the 1915-16 and 1989-90 theatre seasons. The more than 900 biographies provide information about the designer's backgrounds and professional credits. The profiles (approximately 200 words each) are followed by a chronological list of Broadway credits--in scenic design, followed by lighting design and costume design credits. The introduction outlines the profession in the twentieth century on Broadway and the development of American design from the "New Stagecraft." The appendixes cover four major awards that have acknowledged the contributions of scenic designers, among others, to the Broadway stage--The Tony, Maharam, Donaldson, and American Theatre Wing Awards. The index alphabetically lists each play followed by the designer's name when that information is available. A selected bibliography is included, as are 12 renderings, the designers' original work, as illustrations. These illustrations span the history of the American theatre in the twentieth century, beginning with The Man Who Married A Dumb Wife, designed by Robert Edmond Jones in 1915, and generally regarded as the beginning of the modern era on Broadway. The most recent design included is Grand Hotel, the musical, designed by Tony Walton in 1989 which was nominated for a Tony Award for outstanding scenic design.

This bibliography of more than 2,000 monographs in twenty languages covers the period 1839-1999. Entries range from those that explore the relationship between photography and literature, to words where the literary text is complemented by photographs. It includes books, exhibition catalogues, dissertations, and special issues of magazines, with brief annotations where appropriate. The book is arranged alphabetically by author/photographer, with numerous cross-references and cumulative name and subject indexes.

Genre authors, like genre fiction, often get no respect. Traditional biographical dictionaries tend to focus on established authors with literary credentials, and if genre writers are included, they are certainly not the focus of the book. Yet genre fans hunger for information about their favorite writers. This compilation focuses exclusively on genre fiction authors, more specifically today's most popular genre authors. It profiles representatives from all major genres (mystery/detective, crime, adventure/suspense, thriller, horror, fantasy, science fiction, western, historical, women's, and romance). Most are contemporary authors, but a few classics who are still in print and widely read (e.g., J.R.R. Tolkien), are included. Featured authors include Julia Alvarez, Maeve Binchy, Lawrence Block, Clive Cussler, Tony Hillerman, Jan Karon, Faye Kellerman, Dean Koontz, Charles de Lint, Robert Ludlum, Terry McMillan, Anne Rice, Nora Roberts, Scott Turow, and Stuart Woods. In addition to information about the personal and writing lives of this fascinating and diverse group, users will find a complete list of their published works, fiction and nonfiction. Black-and-white author photos accompany many of the profiles as well. A wonderful reference, particularly for readers' advisors and adult and teen readers seeking information about their favorite writers, this book can also be used as a source for student reports and research papers. It is an affordable alternative to multivolume sets. Young adult and adult. Grades 10 and up.

This is a selectively comprehensive bibliography of the vast literature about Samuel Beckett's dramatic works, arranged for the efficient and convenient use of scholars on all levels. The scholarship devoted to the dramatic writings of Samuel Beckett is so vast that there is a real need for a full and easy-to-use secondary bibliography enabling students and scholars at all levels to locate and select what they need. This requires comprehensive coverage of those publications which can be deemed both substantial and accessible treatments of topics relevant to his career as a dramatist. In Beckett's case, full coverage extends from the influences and origins of his great variety of plays to their presentations on stage, television, film, and radio, in many countries and venues. This essential bibliography offers comprehensive coverage of the thousands of substantial studies in all Roman-alphabet languages, a clear and helpful arrangement by topics and individual plays, and a lucid, uncluttered bibliographical format to make it as user-friendly as possible.

Home health care is growing in importance as Americans seek alternatives to the costs and inconveniences of institutionalized care. Additional research is conducted daily in this field, and researchers need to know about the wealth of information currently available to assist them in their work. This valuable reference overviews the resources available on this topic, and also makes clear the areas needing further study. The authors have provided nearly 400 annotated entries in this bibliography, and have included books, journal articles, and government documents. The entries are grouped in topical chapters, and the descriptive annotations make clear to the reader whether a particular work merits a closer look.

The bibliography begins with an informative introduction that discusses the rapid growth and complex changes of home health care, the economics of providing care, and those areas requiring further research. The introduction offers the specialist and non-specialist alike a brief but illuminating context for the entries that follow. The topical chapters of the bibliography treat works of a general nature, caregiving and caregivers, and the legal and managerial aspects of providing home health care. The author and subject indexes add to the utility of the work and make it an indispensable and convenient tool for all those interested in this important topic.

Recent crime films such as Scarface, the Dirty Harry series, and The Godfather have captured the American imagination, but they owe a large debt to the early crime talkies such as The Public Enemy, Paul Muni's Scarface, and Little Caesar. More than 1,000 entries are featured in this volume, complete with the names of directors, screen writers, and major players offering a wealth of data supported by plot evaluations. For the serious student of crime films, this work provides a comprehensive treatment of the genre. It is the only one-volume work that includes all crime sub-genres (detective, mystery, cops and robbers, and courtroom dramas) in addition to gangster films. The period between the end of the silent film (1927) and the general acceptance of the sound film (1929) is often referred to as a transition period. The majority of theaters were not wired for sound, so many films were released in both silent and sound versions. Some added only sound effects or music to the sound track, while others offered only brief segments of sound. The early 1930s marked the end of this transition period and firmly established the sound era. This volume pays homage to these early, often crude melodramas. The authors aim to preserve the memories of these films for their own generation and to introduce these works to a new generation thirsty for entertainment and knowledge.

Contributions to female economic thought have come from prolific scholars, leading social reformers, economic journalists and government officials along with many other women who contributed only one or two works to the field. It is perhaps for this reason that a comprehensive bibliographic collection has failed to appear, until now. This innovative book brings together the most comprehensive collection to date of references to women's economic writing from the 1770s to 1940. It includes thousands of contributions from more than 1,700 women from the UK, the US and many other countries. This bibliography is an important reference work for systematic inquiry into questions of gender and the history of economic thought. This volume is a valuable resource and will interest researchers on women's contributions to economic thought, the sociology of economics, and the lives of female social scientists and activist-authors. With a comprehensive editorial introduction, it fills a long-standing gap and will be greeted warmly by scholars of the history of economic thought and those involved in feminist economics.

First published in 1976, this was the first comprehensive annotated bibliography of Mary Wollstonecraft's works and most of the critical and biographical comments on her in English written between 1788 and 1975. It is designed both as a research tool for scholars and students and as a revelation of the quantity and variety of comment. The book is divided into three main chronological time periods of publication date and suggests the vagaries of Wollstonecraft's posthumous reputation and indicates the peaks and troughs of interest. Known as an eighteenth-century British writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights, Mary Wollstonecraft has received much critical attention with particular interest in her unorthodox lifestyle of the time and is now regarded as one of the founding feminist philosophers.

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Multicultural fiction is an essential part of the American literary landscape. This reference helps scholars, teachers, and librarians choose significant texts from both the past and present, and provides guidance in approaching multicultural issues as they are discussed in fiction for young adults. Included are entries for 51 writers, some of whom have nearly been forgotten, others who are just emerging. Each entry provides biographical, critical, and bibliographical information, while a general bibliography of works on multicultural literature concludes the book.

Authors included range from the nearly forgotten, such as Laura Adams Armer, to the newly discovered, such as Graham Salisbury, winner of the 1994 Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction. The breadth of authors covered ensures an historical context for the issues raised by multiculturalism, and the sections on the critical reception of each author address such important issues as the authority and authenticity of the writer to comment on a different culture. Contributors are of many different ethnicities and include important scholars of children's literature, lending authenticity and authority to the volume itself.

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Actress Colleen Dewhurst (1926-1991) is best remembered for her seminal characterizations in the plays of Eugene O'Neill, which highlighted a career on stage, screen, and television that spanned forty years and earned her two Tony awards and four Emmys. Writing about her Broadway triumph as Josie Hogan in A Moon for the Misbegotten (1973), critic Clive Barnes said she spoke O'Neill as if it were being spoken for the first time--and not for the first time in a theater . . . but for the first time in a certain New England farm, on a certain September night in 1923. Though known for her portrayals of tragic heroines, Dewhurst also played comic roles and played Murphy Brown's mother for three seasons in that television series. At her death, she left an indelible mark in American theater, but, curiously, little written commentary beyond reviews and journalistic articles. This study documents her diverse performance and directing careers, with information also on her personal life and her participation in political and philanthropic causes, including two terms as president of Actors' Equity. An extensive productions section provides data on her major and minor roles in all media, including credits, runs, synopses, and review citations. This is supplemented by an annotated bibliography of major reviews and other writings, a list of awards, a biographical study, and a chronology of her life and career, all carefully cross-referenced and indexed. This book adds to the growing number of studies that organize essential resources on performance for effective research use.

This volume in the Greenwood Press series Bio-Bibliographies in Music provides an overview of Phil Ochs' life and career, an annotated guide to the literature by and about Phil Ochs, and an extensive discography of his recordings. Biographical information traces his career up until his untimely suicide in 1976 and highlights the influences on his music and the numerous ways in which his music and political views influenced others. The guide to the literature includes not only articles and books but also album reviews, concert reviews and interviews.

The extensive information compiled in this guide will be of interest to popular music scholars and to Phil Ochs' enthusiasts alike. Of special interest to many will be the unique section that details Ochs' appearances in various films and television programs. An alphabetical song listing, an appendix listing his concerts, and an index complete the volume.

This bibliography provides a record of the most important works on philosophy published around the world between 1976 and 1992. Major emphasis is on works appearing up to the end of the Cold War. The volume includes entries for nearly 4,000 books and monographs. Many of the entries include brief descriptive annotations, particularly in those cases where the contents of a work are not clear from the title. The annotations also indicate special features of the works cited, such as extensive bibliographies. The bibliography is divided into regions and then into countries of the world. Included are works from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the South Pacific, and the Americas. A separate section contains entries for works that cross national and geographic boundaries. The work covers all fields of philosophy, including emerging new ones. A great strength of the work is its author and subject indexes.

The best and/or most informative nonfiction books in the English language on the subject of human sexuality are described in this comprehensive bibliography for professionals, scholars, students, and laypeople. The 1,091 informative abstracts, including nearly 500 titles new to this edition, range in length from 100 to 600 words and have been written from an impartial viewpoint to facilitate the reader's choice of materials, regardless of political or moral stance. Virtually all current, pressing sexual issues are represented-abortion, AIDS, child sex abuse, incest, rape, sexual harassment, homosexuality, pornography, prostitution, and so forth. Annotations on selected books have been arranged according to a revised version of the unique classification scheme introduced in the first edition. Systematic two-fold access to the contents of the guide is provided by a detailed table of contents and by author, title, and subject indexes. Focus of this edition is on books published since 1970, with new ma