Advances in genomics and combinatorial chemistry during the past two decades inspired innovative technologies and changes in the discovery and pre-clinical development paradigm with the goal of accelerating the process of bringing therapeutic drugs to market. Written by William Kisaalita, one of the foremost experts in this field, 3D Cell-Based Biosensors in Drug Discovery Programs: Microtissue Engineering for High Throughput Screening provides the latest information - from theory to practice - on challenges and opportunities for incorporating 3D cell-based biosensors or assays in drug discovery programs. The book supplies a historical perspective and defines the problem 3D cultures can solve. It also discusses how genomics and combinatorial chemistry have changed the way drug are discovered and presents data from the literature to underscore the less-than-desirable pharmaceutical industry performance under the new paradigm. The author uses results from his lab and those of other investigators to show how 3D micro environments create cell culture models that more closely reflect normal in vivo-like cell morphology and function. He makes a case for validated biomarkers for three-dimensionality in vitro and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of promising tools in the search of these biomarkers. The book concludes with case studies of drugs that were abandoned late in the discovery process, which would have been discarded early if tested with 3D cultures. Dr. Kisaalita presents evidence in support of embracing 3D cell-based systems for widespread use in drug discovery programs. He goes to the root of the issue, establishing the 3D cell-based biosensor physiological relevance by comparing 2D and 3D culture from genomic to functional levels. He then assembles the bioengineering principles behind successful 3D cell-based biosensor systems. Kisaalita also addresses the challenges and opportunities for incorporating 3D cell-based biosensors or cultures in current discovery and pre-clinical development programs. This book makes the case for widespread adoption of 3D cell-based systems, rendering their 2D counterparts, in the words of Dr. Kisaalita "quaint, if not archaic" in the near future.

Definitive Treatment of the Numerical Simulation of Bioheat Transfer and Fluid Flow Motivated by the upwelling of current interest in subjects critical to human health, Advances in Numerical Heat Transfer, Volume 3 presents the latest information on bioheat and biofluid flow. Like its predecessors, this volume assembles a team of renowned international researchers who cover both fundamentals and applications. It explores ingenious modeling techniques and innovative numerical simulation for solving problems in biomedical engineering. The text begins with the modeling of thermal transport by perfusion within the framework of the porous-media theory. It goes on to review other perfusion models, different forms of the bioheat equation for several thermal therapies, and thermal transport in individual blood vessels. The book then describes thermal methods of tumor detection and treatment as well as issues of blood heating and cooling during lengthy surgeries. It also discusses how the enhancement of heat conduction in tumor tissue by intruded nanoparticles improves the efficacy of thermal destruction of the tumor. The final chapters focus on whole-body thermal models, issues concerning the thermal treatment of cancer, and a case study on the thermal ablation of an enlarged prostate.

This book covers the structure and classification of adhesion molecules, immunohistochemical localization, junctional, functional and inflammatory adhesion molecules and molecular imaging. It discusses adhesion molecules in relation to signaling pathways, gene expression, arginine, stem cells, neutrophil migration, leukocytes decompression sickness, ischemia reperfusion injury, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, weight loss, hypoxia, kidney disease, smoking, osteoprotegerin, tumors, bioinformatics, high-throughput technologies, chemotherapy, hematopoiesis, lipoproteins, fatty acids, atrial fibrillation and heart disease, and the brain and dementia.

Known as the bible of biomedical engineering, The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Fourth Edition, sets the standard against which all other references of this nature are measured. As such, it has served as a major resource for both skilled professionals and novices to biomedical engineering. Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals, the first volume of the handbook, presents material from respected scientists with diverse backgrounds in physiological systems, biomechanics, biomaterials, bioelectric phenomena, and neuroengineering. More than three dozen specific topics are examined, including cardiac biomechanics, the mechanics of blood vessels, cochlear mechanics, biodegradable biomaterials, soft tissue replacements, cellular biomechanics, neural engineering, electrical stimulation for paraplegia, and visual prostheses. The material is presented in a systematic manner and has been updated to reflect the latest applications and research findings.

Colloids show great potential in a wide variety of applications, including drug delivery and medical imaging, and the design and fabrication of colloid systems has attracted considerable interest in the research community. Colloids in Biotechnology describes developments in the field of biotechnological applications in the past decade and bridges the gap between these research efforts and commercially viable options. Highlights the role of colloids in a plethora of biotechnical applications Striking a balance between theory and experiment, between principles and applications, and between molecular and physical approaches to the subject, the book assembles contributions from an international community of colloid scientists to provide a comprehensive reference on the role of colloids in biotechnology and biomedicine. The authors discuss new types of biosurfactants; mixtures of surfactants; and peptides, proteins, and polyelectrolytes. They also describe the formation and properties of magnetic colloids and review their applications in chemical biology and medicine. They highlight current progress in the design of self-assembled materials for biotechnology, and they also cover the formation of nanofibres and the use of sol-gel technology in biology. Contains contributions from a diverse team of researchers The chapter authors have been given the freedom to present the spectrum of the relevant science, from pure to applied, in their particular topic. The compilation of this vast experience makes this text a valuable reference for those working in research and development in a range of technologies as well as academic scientists in the colloid and surface science field.

Principles of Biomaterials Encapsulation: Volume Two provides an expansive and in-depth resource covering the key principles, biomaterials, techniques and applications of encapsulation in translational medicine. The book details the various biomaterials available for encapsulation, including polymers, natural and synthetic biomaterials, porous materials, and more. The advantages and disadvantages of conventional and contemporary biomaterials for encapsulations are reviewed, along with advice on the most effective materials for both shell and core. The final part of the book describes a broad range of applications in regenerative medicine, uniquely bringing encapsulation into the worlds of translational medicine and tissue engineering. This book enables readers to learn about the pros and cons of different biomaterials for encapsulation, as well as how they can be utilized in many bodily systems and tissues, such as the respiratory, digestive, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Written and edited by well-versed materials scientists with extensive clinical, biomedical and regenerative medicine experience, this book offers a deeply interdisciplinary look at encapsulation in translational medicine.

Protein engineering has proved to be one of the more fruitful technological approaches in biotechnology, being both very powerful and able to generate valuable intellectual property. This book aims to present examples in which the application of protein engineering has successfully solved problems arising in industrial biotechnology. There is a section on its use to enhance purification of recombinant proteins. The use of protein engineering to modify the activity or the stability of industrial enzymes from lipases to proteases, from carboxypeptidases to glucanases and glucosidases, and from pectin modifying enzymes to enzymes able to degrade recalcitrant compounds is extensively covered. It is shown how areas as diverse as agrofood technology, fine chemistry, detergents, bioremediation and biosensors receive significant contributions from protein and solvent engineering.
The application of protein engineering to health care is also covered, from the development of new vaccines to new potential therapeutic proteins. A specific notation is given to protein engineering in the development of target molecules for drug discovery.
International in scope, the many contributions are drawn from academia and industry. The text should be of interest to students and researchers in industrial biotechnology as well as to everybody interested in basic research in protein structure, molecular genetics, bio-organic chemistry, biochemistry, agrobiotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences and medicine.

This book is an accessible resource offering practical information not found in more database-oriented resources. The first chapter lists acronyms with definitions, and a glossary of terms and subjects used in biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, proteomics, genomics, and systems biology. There follows chapters on chemicals employed in biochemistry and molecular biology, complete with properties and structure drawings. Researchers will find this book to be a valuable tool that will save them time, as well as provide essential links to the roots of their science. Key selling features: Contains an extensive list of commonly used acronyms with definitions Offers a highly readable glossary for systems and techniques Provides comprehensive information for the validation of biotechnology assays and manufacturing processes Includes a list of Log P values, water solubility, and molecular weight for selected chemicals Gives a detailed listing of protease inhibitors and cocktails, as well as a list of buffers

This book correlates the vast genetic diversity associated with environmental samples and still underexploited potential for the development of biotechnology products. The book points out the potential of different types of environmental samples. It presents the main characteristics of microbial diversity, the main approaches used for molecular characterization of the diversity, and practical examples of application of the exploration of the microbial diversity. It presents a not-yet-explored structure for discussing the main topics related to molecular biology of environmental prokaryotes and their biotechnological applications.

Israeli historiography has long been subjected to a sustained assault by self-styled "new historians" vying to expose what they claim to be the distorted "Zionist narrative" of Israeli history and the Arab-Israeli conflict. They have cast Israel as the regional villain, bearing sole responsibility for the cycle of violence in the Middle east since 1946.
This text takes issue with these "revisionists." The author argues that they have ignored or misinterpreted much documentation in developing their analysis of Israel's history. There are numerous in-depth studies to illustrate the author's argument.

Tissue engineering research continues to captivate the interest of researchers and the general public alike. Popular media outlets like The New York Times, Time, and Wired continue to engage a wide audience and foster excitement for the field as regenerative medicine inches toward becoming a clinical reality. Putting the numerous advances in the field into a broad context, Tissue Engineering: Principles and Practices explores current thoughts on the development of engineered tissues. With contributions from experts and pioneers, this book begins with coverage of the fundamentals, details the supporting technology, and then elucidates their applications in tissue engineering. It explores strategic directions, nanobiomaterials, biomimetics, gene therapy, cell engineering, and more. The chapters then explore the applications of these technologies in areas such as bone engineering, cartilage tissue, dental tissue, vascular engineering, and neural engineering. A comprehensive overview of major research topics in tissue engineering, the book: Examines the properties of stem cells, primary cells, growth factors, and extracellular matrix as well as their impact on the development of tissue-engineered devices Focuses upon those strategies typically incorporated into tissue-engineered devices or utilized in their development, including scaffolds, nanocomposites, bioreactors, drug delivery systems, and gene therapy techniques Presents synthetic tissues and organs that are currently under development for regenerative medicine applications The contributing authors are a diverse group with backgrounds in academia, clinical medicine, and industry. Furthermore, this book includes contributions from Europe, Asia, and North America, helping to broaden the views on the development and application of tissue-engineered devices. The book provides a useful reference for courses devoted to tissue engineering fundamentals and those laboratories developing tissue-engineered devices for regenerative medicine therapy.

The world's food production is undergoing a rapid and revolutionary transformation, but little is known about it and less is being done to question the wisdom of it. Within a very few years, much of what we eat will have been genetically engineered, without proper consideration of the issues of public health, consumer choice and ecological stability. Against the Grain argues that the consequences of this huge experiment could be catastrophic, and at the very least have been underestimated or ignored by the industries exploiting the new technologies. The authors have unearthed government and industry documents which show these new methods to be far from fail-safe or risk free. Comprehensively supported with facts and references, the book provides a full account of the science and technologies involved in producing 'transgenic plants'. It also explains the scale and speed of what is going on, and argues for full public accountability and control of new developments - before it is too late.

Nanoscale techniques and devices have had an explosive influence on research in life sciences and bioengineering. Reflecting this influence, Nanopatterning and Nanoscale Devices for Biological Applications provides valuable insight into the latest developments in nanoscale technologies for the study of biological systems. Written and edited by experts in the field, this first-of-its-kind collection of topics: Covers device fabrication methods targeting the substrate on the nanoscale through surface modification Explores the generation of nanostructured biointerfaces and bioelectronics elements Examines microfluidically generated droplets as reactors enabling nanoscale sample preparation and analysis Gives an overview of key biosensors and integrated devices with nanoscale functionalities Discusses the biological applications of nanoscale devices, including a review of nanotechnology in tissue engineering Readers gain a deep understanding of the cutting-edge applications of nanotechnologies in biological engineering, and learn how to apply the relevant scientific concepts to their own research. Nanopatterning and Nanoscale Devices for Biological Applications is the definitive reference for researchers in engineering, biology, and biomedicine, and for anyone exploring the newest trends in this innovative field.

Addressing medium- and long-term expectations for human health, this book reviews current scientific and technical developments in nanotechnology for biomedical, agrofood, and environmental applications. This collection of perspectives on the ethical, legal, and societal implications of bionanotechnology provides unique insight into contemporary technological developments. Readers with a technical background will benefit from the overview of the state-of-the-art research in their field, while readers with a social science background will benefit from the discussion of realistic prospects of nanotechnology. The text also includes a glossary as well as extensive end-of-chapter references.

Chemicals from Biomass: Integrating Bioprocesses into Chemical Production Complexes for Sustainable Development helps engineers optimize the development of new chemical and polymer plants that use renewable resources to replace the output of goods and services from existing plants. It also discusses the conversion of those existing plants into facilities that are based on renewable resources that may require nonrenewable resource supplements. Relying on extensive reviews of biomass as feedstock and the production of chemicals from biomass, this book identifies and illustrates the design of new chemical processes (bioprocesses) that use renewable feedstock (biomass) as raw materials. The authors show how these new bioprocesses can be integrated into the existing plant in a chemical production complex to obtain the best combination of energy-efficient and environmentally acceptable facilities. This presented methodology is an essential component of sustainable development, and these steps are essential to achieving a sustainable chemical industry. The authors evaluate potential bioprocesses based on a conceptual design of biomass-based chemical production, and they use Aspen HYSYS (R) and Aspen ICARUS (R) to perform simulations and economic evaluations of these processes. The book outlines detailed process designs created for seven bioprocesses that use biomass and carbon dioxide as feedstock to produce a range of chemicals and monomers. These include fermentation, transesterification, anaerobic digestion, gasification, and algae oil production. These process designs, and associated simulation codes, can be downloaded for modification, as needed. The methodology presented in this book can be used to evaluate energy efficiency, cost, sustainability, and environmental acceptability of plants and new products. Based on the results of that analysis, the methodology can be applied to other chemical complexes for new bioprocesses, reduced emissions, and energy savings.

Despite a decline in developed countries, cancer has consistently maintained its status as one of the top killers since time immemorial. Exploring cancer management and treatment at the molecular level, Biology of Oral Cancer: Key Apoptotic Regulators presents a key molecular event-apoptosis-in relation to genesis and progression of oral cancer. The book uses oral cancers as the specific means to demonstrate the use of apoptotic regulators for controlling cancers. The book comprehensively deals with the different aspects of oral cancer. The authors discuss strategies to leverage apoptotic regulatory mechanisms for better management along with state-of-the-art medical options available for management and treatment. Using an informal writing style that makes the information accessible to a wider audience, each chapter begins with a prologue followed by detailed discussion and concludes with a glimpse into future approaches and challenges. The book examines detection techniques that leverage molecular events associated with oral carcinogenesis to effectively detect oral cancer. A thorough examination of the internal (genetics) and external (carcinogens, radiation, and smoking) factors that cause cancer, the book provides an enhanced understanding of why oral cancer has consistently ranked among the top ten causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. It furthers the effective identification of the causal factors and their modulation that can restore cells' normal state and be used to develop increasingly effective modalities.

The field of industrial microbiology involves a thorough knowledge of the microbial physiology behind the processes in the large-scale, profit-oriented production of microbe-related goods which are the subject of the field. In recent times a paradigm shift has occurred, and a molecular understanding of the various processes by which plants, animals and microorganisms are manipulated is now central to industrial microbiology. Thus the various applications of industrial microbiology are covered broadly, with emphasis on the physiological and genomic principles behind these applications. Relevance of the new elements such as bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, site-directed mutation and metabolic engineering, which have necessitated the paradigm shift in industrial microbiology are discussed.

Nanostructured materials with multiple components and complex structures are the current focus of research and are expected to develop further for material designs in many applications in electrochemical, colloidal, medical, pharmaceutical, and several other fields. This book discusses complex nanostructured systems exemplified by nanoporous silicates, spontaneously formed gels from silica-nanocolloidal solutions, and related systems, and examines them using molecular dynamics simulations. Nanoporous materials, nanocolloidal systems, and gels are useful in many applications and can be used in electric devices and storage, and for gas, ion, and drug delivery. The book gives an overview of the history, current status, and frontiers of the field. It also discusses the fundamental aspects related to the common behaviors of some of these systems and common analytical methods to treat them.

Foam fractionation is a separation process in which proteins and other amphipathic species adsorb to the surface of bubbles. The bubbles are then removed from the solution in the form of foam at the top of a column. Due to its cost-effectiveness, foam fractionation has the potential for rapid commercial growth, especially in biotechnology. To assist in the widespread adoption of this highly affordable yet powerful process, Foam Fractionation: Principles and Process Design: Provides a systematic explanation of the underlying physics of foam fractionation Discusses the fundamentals of molecular adsorption to gas liquid interfaces and the dynamics of foam Describes foam fractionation process intensification strategies Supplies design guidance for plant-scale installations Contains the latest knowledge of foam fractionation transport processes Presents a case study of the world's largest commercial foam fractionation plant producing the food preservative Nisin Foam Fractionation: Principles and Process Design capitalizes on the authors' extensive practical experience of foam fractionation and allied processes to give process engineers, industrial designers, chemical engineers, academics, and graduate students alike a greater understanding of the mechanistic basis and real-world applications of foam fractionation.

Explains the key principles of artificial intelligence and sensor technologies suitable for a food industry-based audience Introduces case studies/specific examples that can show the benefit of such technologies compared to current approaches Discusses issues around food safety, labeling and traceability and how sensing and AI can help to resolve issues Shows the current state of food manufacturing and outlines future perspectives Delivers a practical handbook and introduction to food engineers, technologists and process engineers on the benefits and challenges around modern manufacturing systems following Industry 4.0 approaches.

Few issues have aroused so much public attention and controversy as recent developments in biotechnology. How can we make sound judgements of the cloning of Dolly the sheep, genetically altered foodstuffs, or the prospect of transplanting pigs' hearts into humans? Are we 'playing God' with nature? What is driving these developments, and how can they be made more accountable to the public? Engineering Genesis provides a uniquely informed, balanced and varied insight into these and many other key issues from a working group of distinguished experts - in genetics, agriculture, animal welfare, ethics, theology, sociology and risk - brought together by the Society, Religion and Technology Project of the Church of Scotland. A number of case studies present all the main innovations: animal cloning, pharmaceutical production from animals, cross-species transplants, and, genetically modified foods. From these the authors develop a careful analysis of the ethical and social implications - offering contrasting perspectives and insightful arguments which, above all, will enable readers to form their own judgements on these vital questions.

Few issues have aroused so much public attention and controversy as recent developments in biotechnology. How can we make sound judgements of the cloning of Dolly the sheep, genetically altered foodstuffs, or the prospect of transplanting pigs' hearts into humans? Are we 'playing God' with nature? What is driving these developments, and how can they be made more accountable to the public? Engineering Genesis provides a uniquely informed, balanced and varied insight into these and many other key issues from a working group of distinguished experts - in genetics, agriculture, animal welfare, ethics, theology, sociology and risk - brought together by the Society, Religion and Technology Project of the Church of Scotland. A number of case studies present all the main innovations: animal cloning, pharmaceutical production from animals, cross-species transplants, and, genetically modified foods. From these the authors develop a careful analysis of the ethical and social implications - offering contrasting perspectives and insightful arguments which, above all, will enable readers to form their own judgements on these vital questions.

What should individuals and society do when genetic screening becomes widely available and with its impact on current and future generations still uncertain? How can our education systems around the world respond to these developments? Reproductive and genetic technologies (RGTs) are increasingly controversial and political. We are entering an era where we can design future humans, firstly, by genetic screening of "undesirable" traits or indeed embryos, but perhaps later by more radical genetic engineering. This has a profound effect on what we see as normal, acceptable and responsible. This book argues that these urgent and biopolitical issues should be central to how biology is taught as a subject. Debate about life itself has always been at the forefront of connected molecular, genetic and social/personal identity levels, and each of these levels requires processes of communication and debate, what Anthony Giddens called in passing life politics. In this book Padraig Murphy opens the term up, with examples from field research in schools, student responses to educational films exploring the future of RGTs, and science studies of strategic biotechnology and the lab practices of genetic screening. Life political debate is thoroughly examined and is identified as a way of connecting mainstream education of biology with future generations. Biotechnology, Education and Life Politics will appeal to post-graduates and academics involved with science education, science communication, communication studies and the sociology of education.

Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, Second Edition, explains the theories of biological processes, biomass materials and logistics, and conversion technologies for bioenergy products such as biogas, ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, and synthetic gases. The book discusses anaerobic digestion of waste materials for biogas and hydrogen production, bioethanol and biobutanol production from starch and cellulose, and biodiesel production from plant oils. It addresses thermal processes, including gasification and pyrolysis of agricultural residues and woody biomass. The text also covers pretreatment technologies, enzymatic reactions, fermentation, and microbiological metabolisms and pathways.

Hemicelluloses and Lignin in Biorefineries provides an understanding of lignocellulosic biomass, which is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. It promotes the valorization of these molecules in the context of the bioeconomy and presents hemicelluloses and lignin, which are generated in lignocellulosic biorefineries, as the molecules of the future. The viability of these molecules lies in their renewability and potential. This book covers all aspects of hemicelluloses and lignin including structure, biosynthesis, extraction, biodegradation, and conversion. The book also looks ahead to the socioeconomic and environmental value of biobased industry and emphasizes an understanding of the potential of lignocellulosic biomass.