Philanthropy the use of private funds for public benefit and social change is undergoing a transformation, both in practice and as an emerging field of study. The increased internationalization and competition for philanthropic funding is prompting governments to examine how their policy, tax and regulatory frameworks can create stronger incentives for giving and can retain philanthropic capital at home, while ensuring appropriate accountability and transparency.

As the recent financial crisis which caused endowments to decline precipitously demonstrated, however, there can be an underlying fragility to philanthropy. One consequence of the crisis has been to accentuate existing pressures for professionalization of philanthropic management and for greater performance measurement: what impact does philanthropy have? How can it be managed more effectively to produce sustainable, scalable public benefits?

The Routledge Companion to Philanthropy provides the first comprehensive, critical assessment of the history, recent developments and emerging challenges in the field of philanthropy. It will be international in focus with contributions by leading scholars from a broad range of countries and disciplines reflecting the multifaceted nature of the philanthropy field and ambitious in intent: to define the current state of the field and shape the future of philanthropy research for the next decade."

Microfinance began with the noble aim of alleviating poverty through the extension of small loans to poor borrowers, and has grown to now serve approximately 200,000,000 peoplethe majority of whom are female. Yet despite claims to the contrary, the practice has not been proven to have succeeded in either enriching or empowering its borrowers. In a thorough-going ethical assessment of the industry, Can Microfinance Work? examines the central microfinance model and whether or not it is effective, the extent to which the practice creates the conditions for exploitation and coercion to occur, and whether the distribution of the benefits and burdens of microfinance is likely to be an ethical one. Author Lesley Sherratt argues for the establishment of a duty of care in microfinance in recognition of the vulnerability of the client base. She also examines the ethical dilemmas inherent in working in the informal sector, as well as microcredits macro impact on economies. From there, Sherratt draws some wider lessons microfinance can offer anti-poverty developments in general. Challengingly, the book considers how microfinance might be reformed to ensure it is practiced both more ethically and effectively, and in doing so, argues that only a part of the industry may survive in its current form. The bulk could instead bifurcate in to one of two camps, either scaling down to become predominantly savings rather than credit vehicles, probably subsidized; or scaling up to provide credit to small and medium enterprise lending operations. For the rest, it is argued that establishing a non-exploitative interest rate, ending the practice of group liability, and fully specifying a duty of carewith, if necessary, regulation developed to enforce theseare microfinances urgent ethical priorities.

"Proper application of the fund development process can define an organization's potential for public support and the direct means to achieve it, and can realize, even predict with reliability, the income an organization can and should expect at any moment in time."--James M. Greenfield.
As the driving force behind every not-for-profit, fund raising is a key to an organization's success in fulfilling its mission. However, while it's important to develop the skills needed to raise money, it's equally important to know how to allocate it properly in order to meet your goals. Now revised and expanded, this practical resource provides an accessible game plan for not only raising funds, but also developing them effectively for increased productivity and profitability.
Written by James M. Greenfield, a leading authority in the field, Fund Raising takes you step-by-step through the entire fund development process, from planning and marketing to community relations and donor management. Beginning with an examination of philanthropic history and perspective, it goes on to describe the individual elements of the development process, as well as the organizational requirements needed for the process to work. With detail and clarity, Greenfield covers such essential bases as the evaluation of program effectiveness, policies and procedures for public solicitation, the fund raising environmental audit, matching gift programs, donor recognition, special projects campaigns, and much more. Threaded throughout the book is the theme of "friend raising and relationship building," both vital components of increasing capability and capacity to address the needs of today, with an eye toward those of tomorrow.
Along with an added, in-depth discussion of ethics, the Second Edition introduces new best practices that have developed over the past few years, and features updated data, useful worksheets, such as economic statistics, demographics, and reports from the American Association of Fund-Raising Council. Packed with numerous examples, case studies, and checklists, this exhaustive resource is essential reading for anyone looking to achieve--and maintain--fund-raising success.
"There is the current need for a better understanding of how the fund development process can best be utilized and improved so that community benefits can be realized with adequate funding. This book is intended to be a contribution to that end." --from the Preface
Now revised and expanded, this practical resource takes you through the entire fund development process, giving you the master plan necessary for realizing the full fund-raising potential of your nonprofit organization. Covering everything from accountability and stewardship to public solicitation and donor relations, the Second Edition has been updated to include the latest economic figures, demographics, and reports from the American Association of Fund-Raising Council, as well as an added, in-depth discussion of ethics, worksheets for performance analysis, and new best practices that have developed over the past few years.
Jacket Design: Andrew Liefer

Companies increasingly play a meaningful role in civil society and the philanthropic sector through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Philanthropy (CP). The most well studied form of allocating these resources is through outright contributions to operating external foundations and other nonprofit organizations. However, far less is known about the use of corporate foundations, separate and independent nonprofit entities aimed at channeling corporate giving to a social mission related to a company. Corporate foundations are often linked to the founding company through their name, funding, trustees, administration and potential employee involvement. As these foundations are growing in number, size and importance and becoming increasingly visible in the philanthropic sector, the urgency to understand their role and functioning becomes more important. The primary aim of this volume is to deliver a holistic analysis of the current state-of-the-art on corporate foundations. For that reason, the book includes different perspectives on and use a hybrid concept of corporate foundations. The book includes three main parts. First, looking further into the organizational processes of corporate foundations, the book analyzes governance and operations as major aspects of organizational performance. Second, it sheds light on the role of corporate foundations in various institutional settings. Lastly, the book includes various stakeholder perspectives on corporate foundations, including corporate employees, beneficiaries, and their non-profit partners. By reading the book, readers will build a comprehensive understanding of the role and functioning of corporate foundations, understand new avenues for research and, in case they are practitioners in the field, find practical advice rooted in academic research.

This book examines the contributions of non-public organizations, such as foundations, philanthropies, charities, non-governmental organizations, private businesses, and entrepreneurs to public goods and services. Too often the impact of the contributions of such private actors are overlooked. However, they are playing an increasing role in meeting societal needs across the developing world. Doing Public Good? lays out key elements that need to be considered in evaluating the net results achieved by these private actors. It uses case studies and analysis to show how to answer such questions as: Is it working? How do they and the public know they are doing good? And how to improve? Such questions are particularly important since little is known about the net results of private avenues for delivering public value. The contributors conclude that "doing good" organizations need to be more transparent and accountable regarding their operations and achievements. The book suggests perspectives on how better monitoring and evaluation systems can improve their accountability.

There is no question that celebrities these days are some of the most prominent faces of philanthropic activity - yet their participation raises questions about efficacy, motivations and activism overall. This book presents case studies of celebrity philanthropy from around the globe - including such figures as Shakira, Arundhati Roy, Zhang Ziyi, Bono and Madonna - looking at the tensions between celebrity activism and ground-level work and the relationship between celebrity philanthropy and cultural citizenship.

This book discusses a series of related but independent challenges faced by philanthropic foundations, drawing on international, contemporary and historical data. Throughout the world, private philanthropic foundations spend huge sums of money for public good while the media, policy-makers and the public have little understanding of what they do and why. Diana Leat considers the following questions: Are philanthropic foundations more than warehouses of wealth? Where does foundation money come from, and is there a tension between a foundation's ongoing sources of income and its pursuit of public good? How are foundations regulated and held accountable in society? Is there any evidence that foundations are effective in what they do? Is it possible to have too much philanthropy? In posing these questions, the book explores some of the key tensions in how foundations work, and their place in democratic societies.

If you had a trillion dollars and a year to spend it for the good of the world and the advancement of science, what would you do? It's an unimaginably large sum, yet it's only around one per cent of world GDP, and about the valuation of Google, Microsoft or Amazon. It's a much smaller sum than the world found to bail out its banks in 2008 or deal with Covid-19. But what could you achieve with $1 trillion? You could solve the problem of the pandemic, for one, and eradicate malaria, and maybe cure all disease. You could end global poverty. You could settle on the Moon and explore the solar system. You could build a massive particle collider to probe the nature of reality like never before. You could build quantum computers, develop artificial intelligence, or increase human lifespan. You could even create a new life form. Or how about transitioning the world to clean energy? Or preserving the rainforests, or saving all endangered species? Maybe you could refreeze the melting Arctic, launch a new sustainable agricultural revolution, and reverse climate change? How to Spend a Trillion Dollars is the ultimate thought experiment but it is also a call to arms: these are all things we could do, if we put our minds to it - and our money.

At the height of her celebrity, Madeleine Carroll (1906 1987) was the world's highest-paid actress. She worked alongside such greats as Laurence Olivier and Charles Laughton, British directors Victor Saville and Alfred Hitchcock, and Hollywood directors John Ford and Otto Preminger. She also did radio and television shows-all of which she abandoned to become a Red Cross worker. Piecing together long-lost facts, the author describes Carroll's almost indescribable life, narrating her personal highs and lows, as well as her fervent commitment to helping others - particularly child victims of war.

Based on papers given at a conference at King's College, London, in 1998, Foundations of Charity brings together established scholars in the fields of charity law, public law, and trusts law, and internationally recognized writers on social policy and legal philosophy, from England and Wales, Scotland, Australia, Canada and the United States. The contributors take an iconoclastic approach to the legal definition of charitable status, and provide an in-depth analysis of key concepts in charity law and administration, such as 'public benefit' and 'political activity'. The combination of their different perspectives on 'charity' produces a varied, stimulating, and challenging collection. It should be useful reading for academics, practising lawyers and voluntary sector managers who are looking for a sustained critique of 'charity'.

Now in its 22nd edition, the Europa International Foundation Directory 2013 provides an unparalleled guide to the foundations, trusts, charitable and grant-making NGOs, and other similar not-for-profit organizations of the world. It provides a comprehensive picture of third sector activity on a global scale. Users will find names and contact details for over 2,550 institutions world-wide. This new edition has been revised and expanded to include the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on this growing sector.

Mutual-help groups have proliferated, diversified and adapted to emerging substance-related trends over the past 75 years, and have been the focus of rigorous research for the past 30 years. This book reviews the history of mutual support groups for addiction that have arisen as adjuncts or alternatives to Twelve Step Programs, including secular mutual support groups like Secular Organization for Sobriety, Smart Recovery and Women for Sobriety, and faith-based mutual support groups like Celebrate Recovery. It also considers the mutual support groups attended by families and friends of addicts. These mutual support groups are examined in terms of their histories, theoretical underpinnings and intended communities. The structures common in mutual support groups have influenced the rise of a new recovery advocacy movement and new recovery community institutions such as recovery ministries, recovery community centers, sober cafes, sober sports clubs, and recovery-focused projects in music, theatre and the arts. This volume explores how collectively, these trends reflect the cultural and political awakening of people in recovery and growing recognition and celebration of multiple pathways of long-term addiction recovery. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recovery.

Winner of the Community Development Society's 2014 Current Research Award! 21st Century Philanthropy and Community fills a gap in the literature on philanthropic organizations and how they intertwine with community development. Drawing first on the history of philanthropic funding, Maria Martinez-Cosio and Mirle Bussell look at developments in the last twenty years in detail, focussing on five key case studies from across America. The authors use their own first hand experiences and research to forge a new path for academic research in an area where it has been lacking. With the current economic climate forcing shrewd spending, foundations need all the guidance they can find on how to appropriately channel their funds in the best way. But how can these sorts of community projects be analyzed for effectiveness? Is there a quantitative rather than qualitative element which can be studied to give real feedback to those investing in projects? Arguing against a one-size-fits-all model, the authors illustrate the importance of context and relationships in the success of these projects.

Winner of the Community Development Society's 2014 Current Research Award! 21st Century Philanthropy and Community fills a gap in the literature on philanthropic organizations and how they intertwine with community development. Drawing first on the history of philanthropic funding, Maria Martinez-Cosio and Mirle Bussell look at developments in the last twenty years in detail, focussing on five key case studies from across America. The authors use their own first hand experiences and research to forge a new path for academic research in an area where it has been lacking. With the current economic climate forcing shrewd spending, foundations need all the guidance they can find on how to appropriately channel their funds in the best way. But how can these sorts of community projects be analyzed for effectiveness? Is there a quantitative rather than qualitative element which can be studied to give real feedback to those investing in projects? Arguing against a one-size-fits-all model, the authors illustrate the importance of context and relationships in the success of these projects.

There has been considerable interest in recent years in the ability of non-governmental organisations to work with the rural poor in developing countries in order to improve their quality of life and economic status through the provision of credit, skills training, and other inputs for income-generation programmes. This book brings together the results of 16 evaluations in 4 countries (Bangladesh, India, Uganda, and Zimbabwe) to provide a detailed assessment of the contribution that NGOs make to rural poverty alleviation. The results indicate that NGO projects are successful when they build in a high degree of participation, when the staff are committed to the goals of the project, and when they are managed by strong and competent leaders. Many of the projects studied contributed to increases in income and welfare. However, not all projects were successful, contrary to received wisdom about the efficacy of NGO interventions. many failed to reach the very poorest, most were costly to implement, and few of the projects demostrated an ability to continue once external funding was withdrawn. These findingd provide string support for viewing NGOs as a mechanism for helping to reduce rural poverty, but also demonstrate that many of the interventions are isolated or one-off. The impact of NGOs could be heightened by increasing the size of the intervention, encouraging greater cooperation among NGOs, and by fostering closer cooperation with governments. This study will make an impact in the development community, and its conclusions will help shape NGO and poverty agendas in the coming years. The book will appeal to all those concerned with rural development, NGOs, and development programmes.

Now in its twentieth edition, the Europa International Foundation Directory 2011 provides an unparalleled guide to the foundations, trusts, charitable and grant-making NGOs, and other similar not-for-profit organizations of the world. It provides a comprehensive picture of third sector activity on a global scale.

Presenting names and contact details for over 2,550 institutions world-wide, this new edition has been revised and expanded to include the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on this growing sector.

This 20th edition includes:

• background essays by foundation experts on foundations and the third sector internationally (by Helmut Anheier and Marcus Lamb), civil society and global governance (by Jan Aart Scholte) and the third sector and the global economic downturn (by Helmut Anheier)
• country chapters containing information on foundation centres and co-ordinating bodies, and on foundations, trusts and non-profit organizations. Entries include, where applicable, full contact address, internet and e-mail details, aims of the organization, activities, financial information, publications and principal staff
• comprehensive indexes for ease of use. Organizations are listed by name, area of activity (including headings such as education, conservation and the environment, health and welfare, etc.) and geographical area of activity, allowing the reader to find organizations active in Central and South America, the Middle East, Central and South-Eastern Europe, etc.

Some 2,550 organizations are listed, giving a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of third sector activity world-wide.

The relationship between the state and the voluntary sector has changed significantly since 1948 when Beveridge's major report, Voluntary Action, was first published. Sixty years later, a group of historians analyse and reassess the impact of Beveridge's ideas about voluntary action for social advance in this timely volume. Using examples from the UK, Australasia and Canada, this book clearly articulates the importance and significance of Beveridge's ideas on voluntary action within an international context. With the emphasis of governments on the importance of the voluntary or 'third sector' and the development of policies and practices to enhance social capital, build civil society and engage communities, this book will be invaluable for those interested in how the third sector has evolved over time. It will be of interest to historians, social policy researchers, political theorists, economists and educationalists. -- .

This book starts from the proposition that the field of intelligence lacks any systematic ethical review, and then develops a framework based on the notion of harm and the establishment of Just Intelligence Principles. As the professional practice of intelligence collection adapts to the changing environment of the twenty-first century, many academic experts and intelligence professionals have called for a coherent ethical framework that outlines exactly when, by what means and to what ends intelligence is justified. Recent controversies, including reports of abuse at Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib, allegations of extraordinary rendition programmes and the ever-increasing pervasiveness of the 'surveillance state', have all raised concerns regarding the role of intelligence in society. As a result, there is increased debate regarding the question of whether or not intelligence collection can be carried out ethically. The Ethics of Intelligence tackles this question by creating an ethical framework specifically designed for intelligence that is capable of outlining under what circumstances, if any, different intelligence collection activities are ethically permissible. The book examines three of the main collection disciplines in the field of intelligence studies: imagery intelligence, signals intelligence and human intelligence. By applying the ethical framework established at the beginning of the book to these three important intelligence collection disciplines, it is possible to better understand the ethical framework while also demonstrating its real-life applicability. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, ethics, war and conflict studies, security studies and IR.

Gold Medal Winner; Philanthropy, Charities, and Nonprofits; 2012 Axiom Business Book Awards

"Giving 2.0" is the ultimate resource for anyone navigating the seemingly infinite ways one can give. The future of philanthropy is far more than just writing a check, and "Giving 2.0" shows how individuals of every age and income level can harness the power of technology, collaboration, innovation, advocacy, and social entrepreneurship to take their giving to the next level and beyond.

Major gifts may dominate headlines, but the majority of giving still comes from individual households--ordinary people with extraordinary generosity. Even in 2009, at a time of deep recession, individual giving averaged almost $2,000 per household and drove 82% of the $300 billion donated that same year. Based on her vast experience as a philanthropist, academic, volunteer, and social innovator, Arrillaga-Andreessen shares the most effective techniques she herself pilots and studies and a vast portfolio of lessons learned during her lifetime of giving. Featuring dozens of stories on innovative and powerful methods of how individuals give time, money, and expertise--whether volunteering and fundraising, leveraging technology and social media, starting a giving circle, fund, foundation, or advocacy group, or aspiring to create greater social impact--"Giving 2.0" shows readers how they can renew, improve, and expand their giving and reach their fullest potential.

A practical, entertaining, and inspiring call to action, "Giving 2.0" is an indispensable tool for anyone passionate about creating change in our world.

Now in its 29th edition, the Europa International Foundation Directory 2020 provides an unparalleled guide to the foundations, trusts, charitable and grantmaking NGOs, and other similar not-for-profit organizations of the world. It provides a comprehensive picture of third sector activity on a global scale. Users will find names and contact details for some 2,690 institutions worldwide. This new edition has been revised and expanded to include the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on this growing sector. Indexes allow the reader to find organizations by area of activity (including conservation and the environment, science and technology, education and social welfare) and geographical region of operations (e.g. South America, Central America and the Caribbean, Australasia, Western Europe and North America). Contents include: A comprehensive directory section organized by country or territory; Details of co-ordinating bodies, and of foundations, trusts and non-profit organizations; A full index of organizations, and indexes by main activity and by geographical area of activity.

This book provides four strategic recommendations for cross-sector, cross-cultural collaborations to effectively and meaningfully address adverse societal challenges. * Monitor external factors to ensure the environment is conducive for sustainable growth of the initiative. * Employ effective leadership and competent staff who should be given early attention. A multicultural team embodies the organizational attributes and intelligence needed to account for variance in behavior within a context. * Provide sufficient funding and marshal sufficient resources to collect data required to inform learning and make thoughtful, nuanced, strategic decisions as the program progresses. * The project's commitments must be timely and accurately accounted for. Entering collaboration makes one-on-one commitments between members subject to additional commitments that must be accounted for.

The Salvation Army is an integral part of the Christian Church, although distinctive in government and practice. The Army's doctrine follows the mainstream of Christian belief and its articles of faith emphasize God's saving purposes. Its objects are 'the advancement of the Christian religion... of education, the relief of poverty, and other charitable objects beneficial to society or the community of mankind as a whole.' The Salvation Army was founded in London in 1865 by William Booth its first 'General' and has continued growing ever since. In 2015 it celebrated it 150th anniversary and today it has a presence in 127 countries. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on i leaders, personalities, events, facts, movements, and beliefs of The Salvation Army. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about The Salvation Army..