This book starts from the proposition that the field of intelligence lacks any systematic ethical review, and then develops a framework based on the notion of harm and the establishment of Just Intelligence Principles. As the professional practice of intelligence collection adapts to the changing environment of the twenty-first century, many academic experts and intelligence professionals have called for a coherent ethical framework that outlines exactly when, by what means and to what ends intelligence is justified. Recent controversies, including reports of abuse at Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib, allegations of extraordinary rendition programmes and the ever-increasing pervasiveness of the 'surveillance state', have all raised concerns regarding the role of intelligence in society. As a result, there is increased debate regarding the question of whether or not intelligence collection can be carried out ethically. The Ethics of Intelligence tackles this question by creating an ethical framework specifically designed for intelligence that is capable of outlining under what circumstances, if any, different intelligence collection activities are ethically permissible. The book examines three of the main collection disciplines in the field of intelligence studies: imagery intelligence, signals intelligence and human intelligence. By applying the ethical framework established at the beginning of the book to these three important intelligence collection disciplines, it is possible to better understand the ethical framework while also demonstrating its real-life applicability. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, ethics, war and conflict studies, security studies and IR.

A comprehensive history of one of the largest charitable organizations in early modern America. Drawing on extensive archival records, Beyond Benevolence tells the fascinating story of the New York Charity Organization Society. The period between 1880 and 1935 marked a seminal, heavily debated change in American social welfare and philanthropy. The New York Charity Organization Society was at the center of these changes and played a key role in helping to reshape the philanthropic landscape. Greeley uncovers rarely seen letters written to wealthy donors by working-class people, along with letters from donors and case entries. These letters reveal the myriad complex relationships, power struggles, and shifting alliances that developed among donors, clients, and charity workers over decades as they negotiated the meaning of charity, the basis of entitlement, and the extent of the obligation between classes in New York. Meticulously researched and uniquely focused on the day-to-day practice of scientific charity as much as its theory, Beyond Benevolence offers a powerful glimpse into how the trajectory of one charitable organization reflected a nation's momentous social, economic, and political upheavals as it moved into the 20th century.

Community organizers build solidarity and collective power in fractured communities. They help ordinary people turn their private pain into public action, releasing hidden capacities for leadership and strategy. In Collective Action for Social Change , Aaron Schutz and Marie G. Sandy draw on their extensive experience participating in community organizing activities and teaching courses on the subject to empower novices to think like an organizers.

Today, nearly every charitable nonprofit, advocacy group, professional group, and politician relies on the philanthropy of others. Whether it's a private college, a hospital or museum, a lobbying group, or a local, low-budget food shelf, operational and marketing costs and capital investments are often largely underwritten through the generous support of donors. Nonprofits need some people to write $25 checks on a regular basis, and they need others to make six-figure pledges. The bad news: Since the economic collapse of 2008, getting people to part with precious dollars has become ever more difficult. The good news is that people are still inclined to be generous to organizations, causes, and candidates they believe in. Effective Frontline Fundraising provides the information you'll need to set up and manage an effective development team capable of consistently raising gifts, both large and small. Effective Frontline Fundraising will not only teach those skills for getting the gift you want in the short run, but it will also show how to build a meaningful, long-lasting relationship between your organization and your donor base. This book: Shows how to keep that organizational lifeblood-cash-running through your vital operations Explains how to create a firm foundation from which to solicit funds Provides examples of successful and unsuccessful fundraising messages and plans Teaches you how to ask confidently for gifts from $25 to $1,000,000 ... or more!

To mark the 20th Anniversary of Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations the editor has compiled a comprehensive overview of contemporary debates in third sector scholarship, comprised of all original research by leaders in the field. The volume will offer a critical review of the central and innovative themes that have come to form the core of third sector debate and research with an international focus. The first global compendium of third sector research, this volume provides a international, multi-disciplinary, and state-of-the-art overview of the field. The contributions not only examine and review the existing scholarship, but introduce new perspectives and thinking on the third sector-especially in terms of future implications around the world. Topics covered include: -History and Development of the Field -New Trends in Volunteering and Philanthropy -Volunteering and Participation in Developing Countries -Leadership and Governance -Corporate Responsibility -Social Capital -Global Civil Society This seminal volume provides a broad and comprehensive look at the field of Third Sector Research, of primary interest to researchers in political science, sociology, development studies, and nonprofit leadership programs.

A comprehensive history of one of the largest charitable organizations in early modern America. Drawing on extensive archival records, Beyond Benevolence tells the fascinating story of the New York Charity Organization Society. The period between 1880 and 1935 marked a seminal, heavily debated change in American social welfare and philanthropy. The New York Charity Organization Society was at the center of these changes and played a key role in helping to reshape the philanthropic landscape. Greeley uncovers rarely seen letters written to wealthy donors by working-class people, along with letters from donors and case entries. These letters reveal the myriad complex relationships, power struggles, and shifting alliances that developed among donors, clients, and charity workers over decades as they negotiated the meaning of charity, the basis of entitlement, and the extent of the obligation between classes in New York. Meticulously researched and uniquely focused on the day-to-day practice of scientific charity as much as its theory, Beyond Benevolence offers a powerful glimpse into how the trajectory of one charitable organization reflected a nation's momentous social, economic, and political upheavals as it moved into the 20th century.

There is often more than meets the eye where politics, religion and money are concerned. This is certainly the case with the Faith-Based Initiative. Section 104, a small provision of the 1996 Welfare Reform bill called "Charitable Choice," was the beginning of what we now know as the Faith-Based Initiative. In its original form, the Initiative was intended to ensure that small religious groups were not discriminated against in the awarding of government funding to provide social services. While this was the beginning of the story for the initiative, it is not the end. Instead Charitable Choice served as the launching pad for growing implementation of Faith-Based Initiatives. These new policies and practices exist despite the fact that all levels of government already contract with religious organizations to provide social services. Nevertheless, government actors have been implementing the Initiative in myriad ways, creating new policies where none appear necessary. Using data from multiple sources this book examines how and why states have been creating these policies and practices. The data reveal three key aspects of faith-based policy implementation by states: appointment of state actors known as Faith-Based Liaisons, passage of legislation, and development of state Faith-Based Policy conferences. These practices created a system in which neither the greatest hopes of its supporters, nor the greatest fears of its opponents have been realized. Supporters had hoped the Faith-Based Initiative would be about solving problems of poverty and an over-burdened welfare system, while opponents feared rampant proselytizing with government funds. Instead, these initiatives by and large did not offer substantial new fiscal support to those in need. In the place of this hope and fear, and despite the good intentions of many, these initiatives became powerful political symbols in the fight to reshape church/state relationships and distribution of political power.

In giving to charity, should we strive to do the greatest good or promote a lesser good that we care more about? On such issues, ethical theory can have momentous practical effects. This volume is a unique collection of new papers on philanthropy from a range of philosophical perspectives. The authors are among the best-regarded philosophers writing on ethics today and include a number of thinkers who have not previously published on the subject. Most recently published work by philosophers on charitable giving tends to support what is called effective altruism-doing the most good you can. In practice, however, charitable giving is often local and relatively ineffective, supporting causes dear to the givers' hearts. Are ineffective givers doing wrong or merely doing less praiseworthy work than they might? This volume includes at least three challenges to the effective altruism movement, as well as two chapters that defend it against the gathering tide of objections. Most thinkers who align with utilitarianism support effective altruism, and some other perspectives do as well. But the ideal of personal integrity can push the other way. So can justice-based theories of giving: perhaps I could do the most good by stealing and giving to the poor, but that would be unjust. In the most important cases, however, justice leads to the same result as effective altruism. Other theories give different results. The authors represent include intuitionism, virtue ethics, Kantian ethics, utilitarianism, theory of justice, and the ideal of personal integrity.

A remarkable piece of American history that tells, through the story of one bright, mischievous orphan, the history of the Catholic orphanage system in New York in the nineteenth and twentieth century.
In 1946 Edward Rohs was left by his unwed parents at the Angel Guardian Home to be raised by the Sisters of Mercy. The Sisters hoped that the parents would one day return for him. In time they married and had other children, but Ed's parents never came back for him. And they never signed the legal papers so he could be adopted by another family.
Raised by the Churchchronicles the extraordinary life of Ed Rohs, a bright, mischievous boy who was raised in five institutions of the Catholic orphanage system in postwar Brooklyn, New York, from infancy in 1946 until he was discharged as an adult in 1965.
Rohs was one of thousands of children taken in by Catholic institutions during the tumultuous post-WWII years: out-of-wedlock infants, children whose fathers had been killed in the war, and children of parents in crisis. Ed gives a brief history of each institution before describing that world--the Sisters and Brothers who raised him, the food, his companions, and the Catholic community that provided social and emotional support.
When Ed finally leaves the institution after nineteen years he has a difficult time adjusting. He slowly assimilates into "normal" life and determinedly rises above his origins, achieving an advanced degree and career success, working for years in child welfare and as volunteer strength coach for the Fordham University basketball team. He hides his upbringing out of shame and fear of others' pity. But as he begins to reflect on his own story and to talk to the people who raised him, Ed begins to see a larger story intertwined with his own.
With original research based on interviews with clergymen and nuns, archival data from the New York Archdiocese, and government records, Raised by the Church tells the social history of an era when hundreds of thousands of baby boomers passed through the orphanage system. Through the story of oneman, this book gives us a much-needed historical perspective on an American society that understood and acknowledged the community's need for a safe haven.

Neither government programs nor massive charitable efforts responded adequately to the human crisis that was Hurricane Katrina. In this study, the authors use extensive interviews with Katrina evacuees and reports from service providers to identify what helped or hindered the reestablishment of the lives of hurricane survivors who relocated to Austin, Texas. Drawing on social capital and social network theory, the authors assess the complementary, and often conflicting, roles of FEMA, other governmental agencies and a range of non-governmental organizations in addressing survivors' short- and longer-term needs. While these organizations came together to assist with immediate emergency needs, even collectively they could not deal with survivors' long-term needs for employment, affordable housing and personal records necessary to rebuild lives. Community Lost provides empirical evidence that civil society organizations cannot substitute for an efficient and benevolent state, which is necessary for society to function.

Praise for
Mapping the New World of American Philanthropy
Causes and Consequences of the Transfer of Wealth
"This book does a wonderful job of guiding the reader through the increasingly changing world of philanthropy. These changes must drive dramatic change in the not-for-profit sector if it is to respond efficiently and effectively. Only then will we be able to maintain the quality of our society."
--Thomas J. Moran, Chairman, President, and CEO of Mutual of America
"The Great Wealth Transfer has been a mantra for years for fundraisers and donors alike. What does it really mean? Susan Raymond and Mary Beth Martin bring rigorous analysis and profound insights to the phenomenon in this book, which provides the definitive map for navigating a brave new world of philanthropy."
--Fiona K. Hodgson, Vice President for Leadership Giving, Save the Children
The anticipated transfer of wealth between generations--and its practical implications for philanthropy--is the subject of much interest in the nonprofit community. Edited by noted nonprofit experts Susan Raymond and Mary Beth Martin, Mapping the New World of American Philanthropy offers candid, insightful essays that offer an insider's look at every angle of wealth transfer, with contributions by leaders in the field of philanthropy, including:
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Marc H. Morial
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Preston H. Koster
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Steven DiSalvo
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Nora Campbell Wood
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Rodney W. Nichols

With hard-to-find data, graphs, and charts, as well as other practical tools, Mapping the New World of American Philanthropy is your seminal guide to prepare for the coming intergenerational transfer of wealth that will affect your nonprofit and?philanthropy in general. Get practical insights and strategies from the most experienced wealth transfer leaders and practitioners in America.

This book brings together a collection of new and innovative work by researchers from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the UK - settings where issues of voluntarism and participation have become increasingly important for the development and delivery of social welfare policy. Prefaced by one of the foremost geographers in this field, it contains empirical and theoretical work from both new and well-established geographers. The chapters explore the interactions between voluntarism and a range of issues including governance, health, community action, faith, ethnicity, counselling, advocacy and professionalisation. The book will be of interest not only to students and researchers in human geography but also to those working in social policy, sociology, health and political science. The detailed case material will also be of particular interest to practitioners working in the fields of health, governance, social welfare and social exclusion.

This is a cutting edge book that not only maps and criticizes venture philanthropy, but also offers a new and different way of conceptualizing public education in response to the neoliberal climate affecting all aspects of public education.

A step-by-step guide to cultivating volunteers who thrive within the Jewish community.

We can never forget that volunteering is a two-way street. Volunteers must be motivated, but volunteer organizations also need to maximize volunteer satisfaction. Blaming one or the other for the failures prevalent today in the world of Jewish volunteering helps no one. The search is for a win-win strategy. from the Introduction

Cultivating successful volunteers in the twenty-first century is increasingly more challenging. Budgets are tight, hands are few, and competition for a persons discretionary time is severe. How do you develop and maintain the volunteers who are essential to the vitality of your organization and community? What can you do to avoid volunteer burnout?

Rabbi Charles Simon draws on over thirty years of professional experience to provide you with the resources you need to build and retain a thriving volunteer culture for your organizationregardless of size or complexity. In a straightforward, accessible style, Simon provides you with: Methods for analyzing your organizations needsInnovative ways for creating an environment that strengthens volunteer involvement and satisfaction while increasing your organizations effectivenessPlans for developing or modifying your leadership framework, positions and stylesThe groundwork for creating a language of inclusion that will motivate and inspire your volunteersPractical tips for establishing healthy, meaningful interpersonal relationships with and among your volunteers

The book provides comprehensive, practical guidelines on the responsibilities of those who lead, co-ordinate and manage volunteers in small hospices, large specialist palliative care units, and in general hospitals with palliative care teams. Volunteers are key workers, who often perform difficult and important work. In the United Kingdom alone there are thousands of volunteers in hospice work, a small proportion doing work with patients, and the vast majority doing equally valuable work such as driving, sitting with relatives, manning charity shops and telephones. As a result, Europe, Australia, the United States and Canada are very interested in the United Kingdom's use of volunteers. Aimed primarily at Voluntary Services Managers in small hospices, large specialist palliative care units, and in general hospitals with palliative care teams, this updated second edition covers volunteer selection, training, supervision and support, and legal and ethical considerations. Information is presented in an easily accessible way, using key points, summary panels and checklists. This book will also appeal to the volunteers themselves.

Bringing together over 50 years of annual fund experience, master fundraiser Kent E. Dove has joined Carolyn P. Madvig and Jeffrey A. Lindauer to bring you a complete guide to planning and managing the most fundamental fundraising strategy: the annual giving program. Conducting a Successful Annual Giving Program, the third volume in the groundbreaking Dove on Fundraising Series, features a wealth of illustrative samples of fundraising tools, many of which have never before been offered in book form. Throughout the book, the authors address the key components of an annual giving program--including telemarketing, direct mail, special events, personal solicitation and matching gifts--and reveal how to integrate each component of the annual giving program into a coherent, fluid fundraising plan.

Corporate giving currently accounts for nearly 10 percent of all charitable donations nationwide, and most experts agree that the flow of corporate resources earmarked for nonprofit programs is on the rise. Yet, many fund raisers are held back from tapping this gold mine by the fear they don’t know how to "play the system" correctly. When it comes to soliciting corporate funds, even old hands at private fund raising find themselves stymied by the lack of clear-cut answers to such critical questions as: "How do I find out which companies give and how do I obtain information about them?" "Who are the funding decision makers, and how do I appeal to them and cultivate relationships with them?" "What hidden strings and pitfalls should I be aware of when soliciting corporate funds?"

Successful Corporate Fund Raising provides in-depth answers to these and all your questions about finding and winning corporate funds. The distillation of Scott Sheldon’s more than two decades of experience as a corporate fund raiser, it provides a complete blueprint for developing and maintaining successful corporate fund-raising programs at nonprofits of all sizes.

The book begins with an in-depth exploration of the world of contemporary corporate giving. It explains the key differences between private funding and the "strategic philanthropy" practiced by many corporations. It describes the various forms corporate giving most commonly takes, including cash, in-kind, and volunteerism. And it clearly spells out the motivations, perceptions, expectations, and conditions driving most corporate funding.The lion’s share of the book is devoted to schooling readers in effective low-cost strategies for locating, obtaining, and managing corporate resources. Organized around the five key components of a successful corporate funding initiative, it provides step-by-step guidance on how to research corporate funders, cultivate relationships with key personnel, solicit corporate resources, evaluate the efficacy of fund-raising initiatives, and manage funded programs. It also supplies a wealth of forms, questionnaires, sample letters and proposals, checklists, and other valuable tools that can easily be adapted for use in your organization. Successful Corporate Fund Raising is an indispensable working resource for all nonprofit fund raisers, development managers, agency executives, and board members.

An expert’s guide to finding and winning corporate support for your nonprofit organization.

This book shows fund raisers and executives at nonprofits of all sizes how to take advantage of the current corporate funding opportunities. K. Scott Sheldon provides a fresh, insider’s look at contemporary corporate giving, and he develops a complete blueprint for developing a corporate fund-raising program. Step-by-step, he walks you through the entire corporate fund-raising process and:

• Describes proven fund-raising strategies and techniques that can be integrated into virtually any nonprofit organization
• Alerts you to the common pitfalls to corporate solicitation and shows you how to avoid them
• Explores the impact of new technologies on corporate fund raising
• Details solid strategies for taking advantage of resources other than cash, including in-kind donations and volunteers
• Illustrates key points with fascinating and instructive real-world case studies
• Arms you with an array of forms, checklists, sample documents, questionnaires, and other valuable tools

Politics and Volunteering begins by painting a portrait of volunteering in Japan, and demonstrates that our current understandings of civil society have been based implicitly on a U.S. model that does not adequately consider participation patterns found in other parts of the world. The book develops a theory of civic participation that, incorporates citizen attitudes about governmental and individual responsibility, with societal and governmental practices that support (or hinder) volunteer participation. This theory is tested using cross-national and sub-national statistical analysis, and it is refined through detailed case studies of volunteering in three Japanese cities. The findings are then used to build the Community Volunteerism Model, which explains and predicts both the types and rates of volunteering in communities around the world. The model is tested using four cross-national case studies (Finland, Japan, Turkey and the United States) and three sub-national case studies in Japan.

The only comprehensive reference work of its kind, this book provides complete coverage of everything that a fund raiser must know when preparing for an international fund-raising campaign. Offers an overview of a country's tax and regulatory system, an examination of its not-for-profit sector, what sources of funding are available, and what fund-raising methods are considered acceptable by the culture and the government.

Is "community" in America in decline? If so, does this mean that charitable giving in the United States is also in decline? In this innovative and original work, Emily Barman offers new insights into this important issue. Analyzing workplace charity in different cities across the United States, "Contesting Communities" shows that while traditional notions of community might be in decline, new types and visions of community have emerged. Barman traces how these different "communities" take the form of organizational competition between the United Way and new alternative fundraisers over workplace contributions. Deftly blending sociological theory of organizations with archival research, interviews with nonprofit leaders, and original survey data, "Contesting Communities" ultimately shows that the meaning of community occurs almost incidentally to the wishes of those who give and the needs of those who receive.

A wave of optimism is sweeping through the international aid and development industry, championed by leaders such as Jeffrey Sachs and Jim Yong Kim, who believe that poverty eradication could be within our grasp. Yet in stark opposition come those who believe that all international development intervention is hegemonic, paternalistic, and neocolonialist and must be done away with. In this book, the author argues for a middle ground. Poverty is an entrenched, intractable problem that will never be entirely eradicated. However, if we reorientate our objectives in line with realistic goals that improve the way that poverty is confronted on a smaller scale, we can still continue the fight for meaningful change. Using rigorous scholarship illustrated with vivid storytelling and personal anecdotes from fighting against poverty in the field, The Development Trap argues that we need to make progress against poverty on the micro, rather than the macro scale. Instead of shooting for a single overarching end of poverty, our goals must be modest and reachable.

Covenant House occupies a prominent place among American charitable institutions. For more than thirty years, it has provided shelter and care for homeless youth as a faith-based social service organization. Founded in 1968 by the Rev. Bruce Ritter, Covenant House began its life as a modest ministry of availability to the poor in New York City, inspired by Franciscan traditions and by the expansive vision of Vatican II. By 1990 Covenant House had grown into a $90 million enterprise. Its innovative programs assisted homeless and runaway youth throughout cities in North and Central America. Conservative politicians, philanthropic foundations, and average citizens considered it a model for faith-based social service initiatives. Suddenly and unexpectedly, however, the organization suffered through a major scandal, as Father Ritter faced charges involving sexual abuse and financial misconduct. The institution quickly became fodder for tabloid journalists and hovered on the edge of ruin. How did such a respected organization, in the words of an iconic New York Post headline, "fall from grace"? Peter J. Wosh explores this question, along with a variety of other compelling issues, as he relates the history of Covenant House. His intricately woven history considers changing perceptions of youth homelessness, the pervasive influence of mass media, and the unique dynamics of faith-based organizations. Drawing extensively on oral histories and rich archival collections, this meticulous and compelling work charts the path of Covenant House from its humble beginnings to its meteoric ascent, through the scandals and crises of the early 1990s, to its eventual reemergence as a strong and respectable charity.

"What can national organizations such as NSFRE do to assure that fund raisers are informed about public policies with which they must comply? Is it appropriate to require our members to take certain courses or pass certain tests in order to maintain their membership? Is there anything we can do to ensure that fund raisers who are not members of our association stay informed and act in compliance with relevant laws and regulations? Can the profession adequately regulate itself? Is licensing of fund raisers a good idea? If so, what group should be responsible for licensing—a governmental entity, a quasi-governmental entity, an elected or appointed body of practitioners?

"...there is a very real need for comprehensive education and training programs that will help develop basic understandings and a common language with which fund raisers can communicate with each other—and with donors, policymakers, and the public. All who work as employees or volunteers in the not-for-profit sector should understand the rationale for the sector and have a basic knowledge of its history as well as current laws and regulations that effect the sector. There should be commonly known and accepted standards of ethical professional practice. And there should be a common understanding of the meaning of the terms that define our practice." —from the Foreword by Patricia F. Lewis President and CEO National Society of Fund Raising Executives

As the nexus between the nonprofit community and the donors who support it, the fund-raising profession has a tremendous impact on how the nonprofit sector is perceived by the public and how it fares in an atmosphere of decreasing government support and increasing competition for donor dollars. But fund-raising professionals must cope with a growing list of important issues, including resource management, increased regulation at all levels of government, ethical scrutiny, donor diversity, and the establishment of professional standards. In the face of all these pressures, it is not surprising that little attention has been given to the premises that underlie many of the decisions fund raisers make in their daily professional lives.

In Critical Issues in Fund Raising, highly respected practitioners and researchers address these issues and premises head-on. These contributors bring their vision, insight, study findings, and hard-won wisdom to bear in answering pivotal questions about the profession's future and revisiting some of its ongoing dilemmas. They examine hard data and reach well-founded, often surprising conclusions on controversial topics such as formula versus nonformula fund raising, fund-raising cost ratios as a measure of efficacy, and the perceived scarcity of minority donors. They explore myriad topics of both immediate and long-term concern to the profession, including:

• Fundamentals—donor motivation, demographics, innovative fund-raising strategies, and marketing versus public relations
• Advanced practices—cost effectiveness, regulation, law, and financial management
• Challenges in fundraising—ethics, diversity, and accountability
• International perspectives—fund raising in western Europe.

Based on a Think Tank sponsored by the NSFRE in collaboration with the Counsel for the Advancement and Support of Education, the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action, and the Indiana University Center on Philanthropy, Critical Issues in Fund Raising offers up-to-date research on important issues, numerous ideas for improving and expanding fund-raising operations, and a generous portion of food for thought. It is must reading for fund-raising professionals, nonprofit executives, nonprofit board members and trustees, and fund-raising consultants.