This edited book focuses on concepts and their applications using the theory of conceptual spaces, one of today's most central tracks of cognitive science discourse. It features 15 papers based on topics presented at the Conceptual Spaces @ Work 2016 conference. The contributors interweave both theory and applications in their papers. Among the first mentioned are studies on metatheories, logical and systemic implications of the theory, as well as relations between concepts and language. Examples of the latter include explanatory models of paradigm shifts and evolution in science as well as dilemmas and issues of health, ethics, and education. The theory of conceptual spaces overcomes many translational issues between academic theoretization and practical applications. The paradigm is mainly associated with structural explanations, such as categorization and meronomy. However, the community has also been relating it to relations, functions, and systems. The book presents work that provides a geometric model for the representation of human conceptual knowledge that bridges the symbolic and the sub-conceptual levels of representation. The model has already proven to have a broad range of applicability beyond cognitive science and even across a number of disciplines related to concepts and representation.

Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new approach to software development that helps companies manage large, complex software projects and save development costs while allowing new technologies that come along to be readily incorporated. Although it is based on many long-standing industry precepts and best practices, such as UML, it is enough of a departure from traditional IT approaches to require some "proof of the pudding." Real-Life MDA is composed of six case studies of real companies using MDA that will furnish that proof. The authors' approach MDA projects by describing all aspects of the project from the viewpoint of the end-usersfrom the reason for choosing an MDA approach to the results and benefits. The case studies are preceded by an introductory chapter and are followed by a wrap-up chapter summarizing lessons learned.
* Written for executives, analysts, architects, and engineers positioned to influence business-oriented software development at the highest levels.
* Filled with concrete examples and analyses of how MDA is relevant for organizations of various sizes.
* Considers a range of uses for MDA from business process analysis to full-scale software modeling and development.
* Presents results for each case study in terms of tangible, measured benefits, including automatically generated code, defect reduction, improved visibility, and ROI."

Due to a rapidly growing number of devices and communications, cloud computing has begun to fall behind on its ability to adequately process today's technology. Additionally, companies have begun to look for solutions that would help reduce their infrastructure costs and improve profitability. Fog computing, a paradigm that extends cloud computing and services to the edge of the network, has presented itself as a viable solution and cost-saving method. However, before businesses can implement this new method, concerns regarding its security, privacy, availability, and data protection must be addressed. Advancing Consumer-Centric Fog Computing Architectures is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of fog computing in technological, business, and organizational dimensions. Thoroughly examining fog computing with respect to issues of management, trust and privacy, governance, and interoperability, this publication highlights a range of topics including access control mechanism, data confidentiality, and service-oriented architecture. This book is ideally designed for academicians, researchers, software developers, IT professionals, policymakers, technology designers, graduate-level students, managers, and business owners.

This textbook is designed for graduate-level courses, and for self-study, in analog and sampled-data, including switched-capacitor, circuit theory and design for ongoing, or active electrical engineers, needing to become proficient in analog circuit design on a system, rather than on a device, level. After decades of experience in industry and teaching this material in academic settings, the author has extracted many of the most important and useful features of analog circuit theory and design and presented them in a manner that is easy to digest and utilize. The methodology and analysis techniques presented can be applied to areas well beyond those specifically addressed in this book. This book is meant to enable readers to gain a 'general knowledge' of one aspect of analog engineering (e.g., that of network theory, filter design, system theory and sampled-data signal processing). The presentation is self-contained and should be accessible to anyone with a first degree in electrical engineering.

Enterprise integration is a broad activity that involves solving a range of issues relating to business process definition, common data standards, architectural compatibility, technical interoperability, and organizational alignment. Enterprise Architecture and Integration: Methods, Implementation, and Technologies provides a detailed analysis of the important strategies for integrating IT systems into fields such as e-business and customer-relationship management. This Premier Reference Source supplies readers with a comprehensive survey of existing enterprise architecture and integration approaches, and presents case studies that illustrate best practices. It takes a holistic view of enterprise integration, describing innovative methods, tools, and architectures with which organizations can systematically achieve enterprise integration.

The greatly expanded and updated 3rd edition of this textbook offers the reader a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of logic functions and equations and their applications across computer science and engineering. The authors' approach emphasizes a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles as well as numerical and computer-based solution methods. The book provides insight into applications across propositional logic, binary arithmetic, coding, cryptography, complexity, logic design, and artificial intelligence. Updated throughout, some major additions for the 3rd edition include: a new chapter about the concepts contributing to the power of XBOOLE; a new chapter that introduces into the application of the XBOOLE-Monitor XBM 2; many tasks that support the readers in amplifying the learned content at the end of the chapters; solutions of a large subset of these tasks to confirm learning success; challenging tasks that need the power of the XBOOLE software for their solution. The XBOOLE-monitor XBM 2 software is used to solve the exercises; in this way the time-consuming and error-prone manipulation on the bit level is moved to an ordinary PC, more realistic tasks can be solved, and the challenges of thinking about algorithms leads to a higher level of education.

The past few years have seen a major change in computing systems, as growing data volumes and stalling processor speeds require more and more applications to scale out to clusters. Today, a myriad data sources, from the Internet to business operations to scientific instruments, produce large and valuable data streams. However, the processing capabilities of single machines have not kept up with the size of data. As a result, organizations increasingly need to scale out their computations over clusters. At the same time, the speed and sophistication required of data processing have grown. In addition to simple queries, complex algorithms like machine learning and graph analysis are becoming common. And in addition to batch processing, streaming analysis of real-time data is required to let organizations take timely action. Future computing platforms will need to not only scale out traditional workloads, but support these new applications too. This book, a revised version of the 2014 ACM Dissertation Award winning dissertation, proposes an architecture for cluster computing systems that can tackle emerging data processing workloads at scale. Whereas early cluster computing systems, like MapReduce, handled batch processing, our architecture also enables streaming and interactive queries, while keeping MapReduce's scalability and fault tolerance. And whereas most deployed systems only support simple one-pass computations (e.g., SQL queries), ours also extends to the multi-pass algorithms required for complex analytics like machine learning. Finally, unlike the specialized systems proposed for some of these workloads, our architecture allows these computations to be combined, enabling rich new applications that intermix, for example, streaming and batch processing. We achieve these results through a simple extension to MapReduce that adds primitives for data sharing, called Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs). We show that this is enough to capture a wide range of workloads. We implement RDDs in the open source Spark system, which we evaluate using synthetic and real workloads. Spark matches or exceeds the performance of specialized systems in many domains, while offering stronger fault tolerance properties and allowing these workloads to be combined. Finally, we examine the generality of RDDs from both a theoretical modeling perspective and a systems perspective. This version of the dissertation makes corrections throughout the text and adds a new section on the evolution of Apache Spark in industry since 2014. In addition, editing, formatting, and links for the references have been added.

This book covers two main topics: First, novel fast and flexible simulation techniques for modern heterogeneous NoC-based multi-core architectures. These are implemented in the full-system simulator called InvadeSIM and designed to study the dynamic behavior of hundreds of parallel application programs running on such architectures while competing for resources. Second, a novel actor-oriented programming library called ActorX10, which allows to formally model parallel streaming applications by actor graphs and to analyze predictable execution behavior as part of so-called hybrid mapping approaches, which are used to guarantee real-time requirements of such applications at design time independent from dynamic workloads by a combination of static analysis and dynamic embedding.

Multimedia has evolved with the introduction of interaction, allowing and encouraging users to control and navigate through content. Experimental multimedia is a new human-computer communication method that allows for the reinvention and redevelopment of user content. Experimental Multimedia Systems for Interactivity and Strategic Innovation presents the next evolutionary step of multimedia where interactivity meets targeted creativity and experimentation. In providing the basic framework for experimental multimedia through case studies that allow the reader to appreciate the design of multimedia systems, this publication's audience extends beyond new media artists to scientists, publishers, and developers who wish to extend their system designs to offer adaptive capabilities combined with multimedia content and dynamic interaction. This publication presents a collection of carefully selected theoretical and applied research chapters with a focus on matters including, but not limited to, aesthetics in publishing, e-health systems, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, human-computer interaction, interactive multimedia, and new media curation.

A hands-on introduction to FPGA prototyping and SoC design This Second Edition of the popular book follows the same "learning-by-doing" approach to teach the fundamentals and practices of VHDL synthesis and FPGA prototyping. It uses a coherent series of examples to demonstrate the process to develop sophisticated digital circuits and IP (intellectual property) cores, integrate them into an SoC (system on a chip) framework, realize the system on an FPGA prototyping board, and verify the hardware and software operation. The examples start with simple gate-level circuits, progress gradually through the RT (register transfer) level modules, and lead to a functional embedded system with custom I/O peripherals and hardware accelerators. Although it is an introductory text, the examples are developed in a rigorous manner, and the derivations follow strict design guidelines and coding practices used for large, complex digital systems. The new edition is completely updated. It presents the hardware design in the SoC context and introduces the hardware-software co-design concept. Instead of treating examples as isolated entities, the book integrates them into a single coherent SoC platform that allows readers to explore both hardware and software "programmability" and develop complex and interesting embedded system projects. The revised edition: Adds four general-purpose IP cores, which are multi-channel PWM (pulse width modulation) controller, I2C controller, SPI controller, and XADC (Xilinx analog-to-digital converter) controller. Introduces a music synthesizer constructed with a DDFS (direct digital frequency synthesis) module and an ADSR (attack-decay-sustain-release) envelop generator. Expands the original video controller into a complete stream-based video subsystem that incorporates a video synchronization circuit, a test pattern generator, an OSD (on-screen display) controller, a sprite generator, and a frame buffer. Introduces basic concepts of software-hardware co-design with Xilinx MicroBlaze MCS soft-core processor. Provides an overview of bus interconnect and interface circuit. Introduces basic embedded system software development. Suggests additional modules and peripherals for interesting and challenging projects. The FPGA Prototyping by VHDL Examples, Second Edition makes a natural companion text for introductory and advanced digital design courses and embedded system course. It also serves as an ideal self-teaching guide for practicing engineers who wish to learn more about this emerging area of interest.

Architecture of Reliable Web Applications Software presents new concepts regarding the reliability, availability, manageability, performance, scalability, and secured-ability of applications, particularly the ones that run over the Web. ""Architecture of Reliable Web Applications Software"" examines the causes of failure in a Web-based information system development project, and indicates that to exploit the unprecedented opportunities offered by e-service applications, businesses and users alike need a highly available, reliable, and efficient telecommunication infrastructure. ""Architecture of Reliable Web Application Software"" proposes a scalable QoS-aware architecture for the management of QoS-aware Web services to provide QoS management support for both Web services' providers and consumers. It also introduces Hyper-services as a unified application model for semantic Web frameworks and proposes Conceptual Model Driven Software Development as a means of easy adoption to them.

Order affects the results you get: Different orders of presenting material can lead to qualitatively and quantitatively different learning outcomes. These differences occur in both natural and artificial learning systems. In Order to Learn shows how order effects are crucial in human learning, instructional design, machine learning, and both symbolic and connectionist cognitive models. Each chapter explains a different aspect of how the order in which material is presented can strongly influence what is learned by humans and theoretical models of learning in a variety of domains. In addition to data, models are provided that predict and describe order effects and analyze how and when they will occur. The introductory and concluding chapters compile suggestions for improving learning through better sequences of learning materials, including how to take advantage of order effects that encourage learning and how to avoid order effects that discourage learning. Each chapter also highlights questions that may inspire further research. Taken together, these chapters show how order effects in different areas can and do inform each other. In Order to Learn will be of interest to researchers and students in cognitive science, education, machine learning.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the latest research into integrated circuits' ageing, explaining the causes of this phenomenon, describing its effects on electronic systems, and providing mitigation techniques to build ageing-resilient circuits.

Almost all the systems in our world, including technical, social, economic, and environmental systems, are becoming interconnected and increasingly complex, and as such they are vulnerable to various risks. Due to this trend, resilience creation is becoming more important to system managers and decision makers, this to ensure sustained performance. In order to be able to ensure an acceptable sustained performance under such interconnectedness and complexity, resilience creation with a system approach is a requirement. Mathematical modeling based approaches are the most common approach for system resilience creation. Mathematical Modelling of System Resilience covers resilience creation for various system aspects including a functional system of the supply chain, overall supply chain systems; various methodologies for modeling system resilience; satellite-based approach for addressing climate related risks, repair-based approach for sustainable performance of an engineering system, and modeling measures of the reliability for a vertical take-off and landing system. Each of the chapters contributes state of the art research for the relevant resilience related topic covered in the chapter. Technical topics covered in the book include: 1. Supply chain risk, vulnerability and disruptions 2. System resilience for containing failures and disruptions 3. Resiliency considering frequency and intensities of disasters 4. Resilience performance index 5. Resiliency of electric Traction system 6. Degree of resilience 7. Satellite observation and hydrological risk 8. Latitude of Resilience 9. On-line repair for resilience 10. Reliability design for Vertical Takeoff and landing Prototype

In today's modernized environment, a growing number of software companies are changing their traditional engineering approaches in response to the rapid development of computing technologies. As these businesses adopt modern software engineering practices, they face various challenges including the integration of current methodologies and contemporary design models and the refactoring of existing systems using advanced approaches. Applications and Approaches to Object-Oriented Software Design: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the development of modern software practices that impact maintenance, design, and developer productivity. While highlighting topics such as augmented reality, distributed computing, and big data processing, this publication explores the current infrastructure of software systems as well as future advancements. This book is ideally designed for software engineers, IT specialists, data scientists, business professionals, developers, researchers, students, and academicians seeking current research on contemporary software engineering methods.

As cloud technology continues to advance and be utilized, many service providers have begun to employ multiple networks, or cloud federations; however, as the popularity of these federations increases, so does potential utilization challenges. Developing Interoperable and Federated Cloud Architecture provides valuable insight into current and emergent research occurring within the field of cloud infrastructures. Featuring barriers, recent developments, and practical applications on the interoperability issues of federated cloud architectures, this book is a focused reference for administrators, developers, and cloud users interested in energy awareness, scheduling, and federation policies and usage.

This book provides readers with an overview of the architectures, programming frameworks, and hardware accelerators for typical cloud computing applications in data centers. The authors present the most recent and promising solutions, using hardware accelerators to provide high throughput, reduced latency and higher energy efficiency compared to current servers based on commodity processors. Readers will benefit from state-of-the-art information regarding application requirements in contemporary data centers, computational complexity of typical tasks in cloud computing, and a programming framework for the efficient utilization of the hardware accelerators.

The rapid and widespread acceptance of shared-memory multiprocessor architectures has created a pressing demand for an efficient way to program these systems. At the same time, developers of technical and scientific applications in industry and in government laboratories find they need to parallelize huge volumes of code in a portable fashion. OpenMP, developed jointly by several parallel computing vendors to address these issues, is an industry-wide standard for programming shared-memory and distributed shared-memory multiprocessors. It consists of a set of compiler directives and library routines that extend FORTRAN, C, and C++ codes to express shared-memory parallelism.

"Parallel Programming in OpenMP" is the first book to teach both the novice and expert parallel programmers how to program using this new standard. The authors, who helped design and implement OpenMP while at SGI, bring a depth and breadth to the book as compiler writers, application developers, and performance engineers.
* Designed so that expert parallel programmers can skip the opening chapters, which introduce parallel programming to novices, and jump right into the essentials of OpenMP.
* Presents all the basic OpenMP constructs in FORTRAN, C, and C++.
* Emphasizes practical concepts to address the concerns of real application developers.
* Includes high quality example programs that illustrate concepts of parallel programming as well as all the constructs of OpenMP.
* Serves as both an effective teaching text and a compact reference.
* Includes end-of-chapter programming exercises.

This book describes a variety of test generation algorithms for testing crosstalk delay faults in VLSI circuits. It introduces readers to the various crosstalk effects and describes both deterministic and simulation-based methods for testing crosstalk delay faults. The book begins with a focus on currently available crosstalk delay models, test generation algorithms for delay faults and crosstalk delay faults, before moving on to deterministic algorithms and simulation-based algorithms used to test crosstalk delay faults. Given its depth of coverage, the book will be of interest to design engineers and researchers in the field of VLSI Testing.

An introductory text to computer architecture, this comprehensive volume covers the concepts from logic gates to advanced computer architecture. It comes with a full spectrum of exercises and web-downloadable support materials, including assembler and simulator, which can be used in the context of different courses. The authors also make available a hardware description, which can be used in labs and assignments, for hands-on experimentation with an actual, simple processor.This unique compendium is a useful reference for undergraduates, graduates and professionals majoring in computer engineering, circuits and systems, software engineering, biomedical engineering and aerospace engineering.Related Link(s)

This book describes the bottleneck faced soon by designers of traditional CMOS devices, due to device scaling, power and energy consumption, and variability limitations. This book aims at bridging the gap between device technology and architecture/system design. Readers will learn about challenges and opportunities presented by "beyond-CMOS devices" and gain insight into how these might be leveraged to build energy-efficient electronic systems.

Designers of high-speed integrated circuits face a bewildering array of choices and too often spend frustrating days tweaking gates to meet speed targets. "Logical Effort: Designing Fast CMOS Circuits" makes high speed design easier and more methodical, providing a simple and broadly applicable method for estimating the delay resulting from factors such as topology, capacitance, and gate sizes.

The brainchild of circuit and computer graphics pioneers Ivan Sutherland and Bob Sproull, "logical effort" will change the way you approach design challenges. This book begins by equipping you with a sound understanding of the method's essential procedures and concepts-so you can start using it immediately. Later chapters explore the theory and finer points of the method and detail its specialized applications.
* Explains the method and how to apply it in two practically focused chapters.
* Improves circuit design intuition by teaching simple ways to discern the consequences of topology and gate size decisions.
* Offers easy ways to choose the fastest circuit from among an array of potential circuit designs.
* Reduces the time spent on tweaking and simulations-so you can rapidly settle on a good design.
* Offers in-depth coverage of specialized areas of application for logical effort: skewed or unbalanced gates, other circuit families (including pseudo-NMOS and domino), wide structures such as decoders, and irregularly forking circuits.
* Presents a complete derivation of the method-so you see how and why it works.

With complex systems and complex requirements being a challenge that designers must face to reach quality results, multi-formalism modeling offers tools and methods that allow modelers to exploit the benefits of different techniques in a general framework intended to address these challenges. Theory and Application of Multi-Formalism Modeling boldly explores the importance of this topic by gathering experiences, theories, applications, and solutions from diverse perspectives of those involved with multi-formalism modeling. Professionals, researchers, academics, and students in this field will be able to critically evaluate the latest developments and future directions of multi-formalism research.

The AVR RISC Microcontroller Handbook is a comprehensive guide to designing with Atmel's new controller family, which is designed to offer high speed and low power consumption at a lower cost. The main text is divided into three sections: hardware, which covers all internal peripherals; software, which covers programming and the instruction set; and tools, which explains using Atmel's Assembler and Simulator (available on the Web) as well as IAR's C compiler.

Practical guide for advanced hobbyists or design professionals
Development tools and code available on the Web