The rapid and widespread acceptance of shared-memory multiprocessor architectures has created a pressing demand for an efficient way to program these systems. At the same time, developers of technical and scientific applications in industry and in government laboratories find they need to parallelize huge volumes of code in a portable fashion. OpenMP, developed jointly by several parallel computing vendors to address these issues, is an industry-wide standard for programming shared-memory and distributed shared-memory multiprocessors. It consists of a set of compiler directives and library routines that extend FORTRAN, C, and C++ codes to express shared-memory parallelism.

"Parallel Programming in OpenMP" is the first book to teach both the novice and expert parallel programmers how to program using this new standard. The authors, who helped design and implement OpenMP while at SGI, bring a depth and breadth to the book as compiler writers, application developers, and performance engineers.
* Designed so that expert parallel programmers can skip the opening chapters, which introduce parallel programming to novices, and jump right into the essentials of OpenMP.
* Presents all the basic OpenMP constructs in FORTRAN, C, and C++.
* Emphasizes practical concepts to address the concerns of real application developers.
* Includes high quality example programs that illustrate concepts of parallel programming as well as all the constructs of OpenMP.
* Serves as both an effective teaching text and a compact reference.
* Includes end-of-chapter programming exercises.

This book describes a variety of test generation algorithms for testing crosstalk delay faults in VLSI circuits. It introduces readers to the various crosstalk effects and describes both deterministic and simulation-based methods for testing crosstalk delay faults. The book begins with a focus on currently available crosstalk delay models, test generation algorithms for delay faults and crosstalk delay faults, before moving on to deterministic algorithms and simulation-based algorithms used to test crosstalk delay faults. Given its depth of coverage, the book will be of interest to design engineers and researchers in the field of VLSI Testing.

An introductory text to computer architecture, this comprehensive volume covers the concepts from logic gates to advanced computer architecture. It comes with a full spectrum of exercises and web-downloadable support materials, including assembler and simulator, which can be used in the context of different courses. The authors also make available a hardware description, which can be used in labs and assignments, for hands-on experimentation with an actual, simple processor.This unique compendium is a useful reference for undergraduates, graduates and professionals majoring in computer engineering, circuits and systems, software engineering, biomedical engineering and aerospace engineering.Related Link(s)

As cloud technology continues to advance and be utilized, many service providers have begun to employ multiple networks, or cloud federations; however, as the popularity of these federations increases, so does potential utilization challenges. Developing Interoperable and Federated Cloud Architecture provides valuable insight into current and emergent research occurring within the field of cloud infrastructures. Featuring barriers, recent developments, and practical applications on the interoperability issues of federated cloud architectures, this book is a focused reference for administrators, developers, and cloud users interested in energy awareness, scheduling, and federation policies and usage.

This book provides readers with an overview of the architectures, programming frameworks, and hardware accelerators for typical cloud computing applications in data centers. The authors present the most recent and promising solutions, using hardware accelerators to provide high throughput, reduced latency and higher energy efficiency compared to current servers based on commodity processors. Readers will benefit from state-of-the-art information regarding application requirements in contemporary data centers, computational complexity of typical tasks in cloud computing, and a programming framework for the efficient utilization of the hardware accelerators.

This book provides a single-source reference to the state-of-the-art in logic synthesis. Readers will benefit from the authors' expert perspectives on new technologies and logic synthesis, new data structures, big data and logic synthesis, and convergent logic synthesis. The authors describe techniques that will enable readers to take advantage of recent advances in big data techniques and frameworks in order to have better logic synthesis algorithms.

This book contains the papers presented at the Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics 1998 Conference.

The book is focused on new developments and applications of parallel technology. Key topics are introduced through contributed papers and invited lectures. These include typical algorithmic developments, such as: distributed computing, domain decomposition and parallel algorithm. Some of the papers address the evaluations of software and machine performance and software tool environments. The application of parallel computers to complex fluid dynamics problems are also conveyed through sessions such as DNS/LES, combustion and reacting flows, industrial applications, water resources and environmental flows.

The editors believe this book will provide many researchers, much beyond those contributing to this volume, with fresh information and reference.

The AVR RISC Microcontroller Handbook is a comprehensive guide to designing with Atmel's new controller family, which is designed to offer high speed and low power consumption at a lower cost. The main text is divided into three sections: hardware, which covers all internal peripherals; software, which covers programming and the instruction set; and tools, which explains using Atmel's Assembler and Simulator (available on the Web) as well as IAR's C compiler.

Practical guide for advanced hobbyists or design professionals
Development tools and code available on the Web

Designers of high-speed integrated circuits face a bewildering array of choices and too often spend frustrating days tweaking gates to meet speed targets. "Logical Effort: Designing Fast CMOS Circuits" makes high speed design easier and more methodical, providing a simple and broadly applicable method for estimating the delay resulting from factors such as topology, capacitance, and gate sizes.

The brainchild of circuit and computer graphics pioneers Ivan Sutherland and Bob Sproull, "logical effort" will change the way you approach design challenges. This book begins by equipping you with a sound understanding of the method's essential procedures and concepts-so you can start using it immediately. Later chapters explore the theory and finer points of the method and detail its specialized applications.
* Explains the method and how to apply it in two practically focused chapters.
* Improves circuit design intuition by teaching simple ways to discern the consequences of topology and gate size decisions.
* Offers easy ways to choose the fastest circuit from among an array of potential circuit designs.
* Reduces the time spent on tweaking and simulations-so you can rapidly settle on a good design.
* Offers in-depth coverage of specialized areas of application for logical effort: skewed or unbalanced gates, other circuit families (including pseudo-NMOS and domino), wide structures such as decoders, and irregularly forking circuits.
* Presents a complete derivation of the method-so you see how and why it works.

With complex systems and complex requirements being a challenge that designers must face to reach quality results, multi-formalism modeling offers tools and methods that allow modelers to exploit the benefits of different techniques in a general framework intended to address these challenges. Theory and Application of Multi-Formalism Modeling boldly explores the importance of this topic by gathering experiences, theories, applications, and solutions from diverse perspectives of those involved with multi-formalism modeling. Professionals, researchers, academics, and students in this field will be able to critically evaluate the latest developments and future directions of multi-formalism research.

This book is a tribute to Professor Ewa Orlowska, a Polish logician who was celebrating the 60th year of her scientific career in 2017. It offers a collection of contributed papers by different authors and covers the most important areas of her research. Prof. Orlowska made significant contributions to many fields of logic, such as proof theory, algebraic methods in logic and knowledge representation, and her work has been published in 3 monographs and over 100 articles in internationally acclaimed journals and conference proceedings. The book also includes Prof. Orlowska's autobiography, bibliography and a trialogue between her and the editors of the volume, as well as contributors' biographical notes, and is suitable for scholars and students of logic who are interested in understanding more about Prof. Orlowska's work.

The Second Edition of The Cache Memory Book introduces systems designers to the concepts behind cache design. The book teaches the basic cache concepts and more exotic techniques. It leads readers through someof the most intricate protocols used in complex multiprocessor caches. Written in an accessible, informal style, this text demystifies cache memory design by translating cache concepts and jargon into practical methodologies and real-life examples. It also provides adequate detail to serve as a reference book for ongoing work in cache memory design.
The Second Edition includes an updated and expanded glossary of cache memory terms and buzzwords. The book provides new real world applications of cache memory design and a new chapter on cache"tricks."
Key Features
* Illustrates detailed example designs of caches
* Provides numerous examples in the form of block diagrams, timing waveforms, state tables, and code traces
* Defines and discusses more than 240 cache specific buzzwords, comparing in detail the relative merits of different design methodologies
* Includes an extensive glossary, complete with clear definitions, synonyms, and references to the appropriate text discussions

This is a soup-to-nuts reference guide on all aspects of Web Services - where Web Services is a fast emerging set of Internet-specific middleware technology to further promote the growth of all aspects of e-business via standardization, collaboration and "franchising." This book is best characterized as an executive brief for IT and senior management rather than a nuts-and-bolts technical guide for portal implementers. Think of it as the "Cliffs Notes on Web Services." Given this audience, the book consistently focuses on business needs, value propositions, ROI, proven solutions and actual examples of current implementations. Each chapter also ends with a 10-item "Q&A" section that consolidates and summarizes the information discussed in the chapter. The book is illustrated with detailed technical diagrams, includes lots of arresting subtitles and contains many bullet lists and tables to facilitate (and encourage) productive skimming.
Decision makers - the intended readership for this book - gain increasing comfort and confidence as they get into the book that they are getting to see all facets of the issues, on a consistent basis, and that they will not be blind-sided at meetings by people asking 'difficult' questions. At the end of each chapter, Guruge summarizes and reinforces key points, allowing the reader to skim through the topics for crucial information. The book also leverages living outside resources and ensures that the readership always has ready and consistent access to any and all terms, definitions and concepts they might not be familiar with.
"Debate style" presentation, focusing repeatedly on pros-and-cons, e.g., .NET vs. Java, open vs. proprietary and buy vs. build
Author's trademark detailed architectural and network diagrams of portal implementations
Q&A section at end of each chapter

This book describes the bottleneck faced soon by designers of traditional CMOS devices, due to device scaling, power and energy consumption, and variability limitations. This book aims at bridging the gap between device technology and architecture/system design. Readers will learn about challenges and opportunities presented by "beyond-CMOS devices" and gain insight into how these might be leveraged to build energy-efficient electronic systems.

As software and computer hardware grows in complexity, networks have grown to match. The increasing scale, complexity, heterogeneity, and dynamism of communication networks, resources, and applications has made distributed computing systems brittle, unmanageable, and insecure. Internet and Distributed Computing Advancements: Theoretical Frameworks and Practical Applications is a vital compendium of chapters on the latest research within the field of distributed computing, capturing trends in the design and development of Internet and distributed computing systems that leverage autonomic principles and techniques. The chapters provided within this collection offer a holistic approach for the development of systems that can adapt themselves to meet requirements of performance, fault tolerance, reliability, security, and Quality of Service (QoS) without manual intervention.

This book describes new and effective methodologies for modeling, analyzing and mitigating cell-internal signal electromigration in nanoCMOS, with significant circuit lifetime improvements and no impact on performance, area and power. The authors are the first to analyze and propose a solution for the electromigration effects inside logic cells of a circuit. They show in this book that an interconnect inside a cell can fail reducing considerably the circuit lifetime and they demonstrate a methodology to optimize the lifetime of circuits, by placing the output, Vdd and Vss pin of the cells in the less critical regions, where the electromigration effects are reduced. Readers will be enabled to apply this methodology only for the critical cells in the circuit, avoiding impact in the circuit delay, area and performance, thus increasing the lifetime of the circuit without loss in other characteristics.

This book describes a flexible and largely automated methodology for adding the estimation of power consumption to high level simulations at the electronic system level (ESL). This method enables the inclusion of power consumption considerations from the very start of a design. This ability can help designers of electronic systems to create devices with low power consumption. The authors also demonstrate the implementation of the method, using the popular ESL language "SystemC". This implementation enables most existing SystemC ESL simulations for power estimation with very little manual work. Extensive case-studies of a Network on Chip communication architecture and a dual-core application processor "ARM Cortex-A9" showcase the applicability and accuracy of the method to different types of electronic devices. The evaluation compares various trade-offs regarding amount of manual work, types of ESL models, achieved estimation accuracy and impact on the simulation speed. Describes a flexible and largely automated ESL power estimation method; Shows implementation of power estimation methodology in SystemC; Uses two extensive case studies to demonstrate method introduced.

This book presents the state-of-the art of one of the main concerns with microprocessors today, a phenomenon known as "dark silicon". Readers will learn how power constraints (both leakage and dynamic power) limit the extent to which large portions of a chip can be powered up at a given time, i.e. how much actual performance and functionality the microprocessor can provide. The authors describe their research toward the future of microprocessor development in the dark silicon era, covering a variety of important aspects of dark silicon-aware architectures including design, management, reliability, and test. Readers will benefit from specific recommendations for mitigating the dark silicon phenomenon, including energy-efficient, dedicated solutions and technologies to maximize the utilization and reliability of microprocessors.

This book describes the integrated circuit supply chain flow and discusses security issues across the flow, which can undermine the trustworthiness of final design. The author discusses and analyzes the complexity of the flow, along with vulnerabilities of digital circuits to malicious modifications (i.e. hardware Trojans) at the register-transfer level, gate level and layout level. Various metrics are discussed to quantify circuit vulnerabilities to hardware Trojans at different levels. Readers are introduced to design techniques for preventing hardware Trojan insertion and to facilitate hardware Trojan detection. Trusted testing is also discussed, enabling design trustworthiness at different steps of the integrated circuit design flow. Coverage also includes hardware Trojans in mixed-signal circuits.

The relevant techniques, vocabulary, currently available hardware architectures, and programming languages which provide the basic concepts of parallel computing are introduced in this book. In the future, we can expect to see massively parallel teraflop machines. These machines will be supported by gigabit network which allow grand-challenge problems to be solved by using several supercomputers and parallel machines concurrently.

Computational Frameworks: Systems, Models and Applications provides an overview of advanced perspectives that bridges the gap between frontline research and practical efforts. It is unique in showing the interdisciplinary nature of this area and the way in which it interacts with emerging technologies and techniques. As computational systems are a dominating part of daily lives and a required support for most of the engineering sciences, this book explores their usage (e.g. big data, high performance clusters, databases and information systems, integrated and embedded hardware/software components, smart devices, mobile and pervasive networks, cyber physical systems, etc.).

This book precisely formulates and simplifies the presentation of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) compilation techniques. It uniquely offers consistent and uniform descriptions of the code transformations involved. Due to the ubiquitous nature of ILP in virtually every processor built today, from general purpose CPUs to application-specific and embedded processors, this book is useful to the student, the practitioner and also the researcher of advanced compilation techniques. With an emphasis on fine-grain instruction level parallelism, this book will also prove interesting to researchers and students of parallelism at large, in as much as the techniques described yield insights that go beyond superscalar and VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) machines compilation and are more widely applicable to optimizing compilers in general. ILP techniques have found wide and crucial application in Design Automation, where they have been used extensively in the optimization of performance as well as area and power minimization of computer designs.

In the last few years, courses on parallel computation have been developed and offered in many institutions in the UK, Europe and US as a recognition of the growing significance of this topic in mathematics and computer science. There is a clear need for texts that meet the needs of students and lecturers and this book, based on the author's lecture at ETH Zurich, is an ideal practical student guide to scientific computing on parallel computers working up from a hardware instruction level, to shared memory machines, and finally to distributed memory machines. Aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students in applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering, subjects covered include linear algebra, fast Fourier transform, and Monte-Carlo simulations, including examples in C and, in some cases, Fortran. This book is also ideal for practitioners and programmers.

OpenVMS professionals have long enjoyed a robust, full-featured operating system running the most mission-critical applications in existence. However, many of today's graduates may not yet have had the opportunity to experience it for themselves. Intended for an audience with some knowledge of operating systems such as Windows, UNIX and Linux, Getting Started with OpenVMS introduces the reader to the OpenVMS approach.

Part 1 is a practical introduction to get the reader started using the system. The reader will learn the OpenVMS terminology and approach to common concepts such as processes and threads, queues, user profiles, command line and GUI interfaces and networking. Part 2 provides more in-depth information about the major components for the reader desiring a more technical description. Topics include process structure, scheduling, memory management and the file system. Short sections on the history of OpenVMS, including past, present, and future hardware support (like the Intel Itanium migration), are included. OpenVMS is considered in different roles, such as a desktop system, a multi-user system, a network server, and in a combination of roles.
Allows the more advanced reader some meaty content yet does not overwhelm the novice
Provides practical examples showing that OpenVMS is well-suited for popular modern applications
Gives a high-level overview of concepts behind internals such as memory management