This monograph is written for neophytes, students, and practitioners to aid in their understanding of single event phenomena. It attempts to collect the highlights as well as many of the more detailed aspects of this field into an entity that portrays the theoretical as well as the practical applications of this subject. Those who claim that "theory" is not for them can skip over the earlier chapters dealing with the fundamental and theoretical portions and find what they need in the way of hands-on guidelines and pertinent formulas in the later chapters. Perhaps, after a time they will return to peruse the earlier chapters for a more complete rendition and appreciation of the subject matter. It is felt that the reader should have some acquaintance with the electronics of semiconductors and devices, some broad atomic physics introduction, as well as a respectable level of mathematics through calculus, including simple differential equations. A large part of the preceding can be obtained informally, through job experience, self-study, evening classes, as well as from a formal college curriculum.

This book describes a unique combination of quantum chemical methods for calculating the basic physical properties of luminescent materials, or phosphors. These solid inorganic materials containing an optically active dopant are key players in several major fields of societal interest, including energy-efficient lighting, solar cells, and medical imaging. The novel ab initio methods described in this book are especially designed to target the crowded and complex electronic excited states of lanthanide activators in inorganic solids. The book is well suited to both new and experienced researchers alike and appeals to a broad range of theoretical and experimental backgrounds. The material presented enables an adept understanding of elaborate calculations, which, in tandem with experiments, give essential insight into difficult luminescence problems and quandaries, thus fully preparing the reader for an educated search for new functional luminescent materials

Compound Semiconductors 1998 explores research and development in key semiconductor materials and III-V compounds such as gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium nitride, silicon germanium, and silicon carbide. It critically assesses progress in key technologies such as reliability assessment and reports on advances in the use of semiconductors in modern electronic and optoelectronic devices. Coverage in this volume reflects the increased interest and research funding in nitride-based materials; wide band-gap devices; mobile communications, including III-V-based transistors and photonic devices; crystal growth and characterization; and nanoscale phenomena, such as quantum wires, dots, and other low dimensional structures.

This book is a comprehensive SiP design guide book. It is divided into three parts: concept and technology, design and simulation, project and case, for a total of 30 chapters. In Part one, the author proposes some new original concepts and thoughts, such as Function Density Law,Si(3)P and 4D integration. Part one also covers the latest technology of SiP and Advanced Packaging. Part two covers the latest SiP and Advanced Packaging design and simulation technologies, such as wire bonding, multi-step cavity, chip stacking, 2.5D TSV, 3D TSV, RDL, Fan- In, Fan-Out, Flip Chip, Embedded Passive, Embedded Chip, RF design, Rigid-Flex design, 4D SiP design, Multi-layout project and Team design, as well as SI, PI, thermal simulation, electrical verification and physical verification. Based on a real design case, part three introduces the design, simulation and implementation methods of different types of SiP, which has a -important reference significance for the research and development of SiP projects. This book comprehensively and deeply expounds the latest development, design ideas and design methods of contemporary SiP technology from three aspects: concept and technology, design and simulation, project and case. Through the detailed introduction of new concepts, design methods, actual projects and cases, this book describes the whole process of SiP products from the beginning of conception to the final realization and makes readers benefit from it.

Now in a thoroughly revised second edition, this practical practitioner guide provides a comprehensive overview of the SoC design process. It explains end-to-end system on chip (SoC) design processes and includes updated coverage of design methodology, the design environment, EDA tool flow, design decisions, choice of design intellectual property (IP) cores, sign-off procedures, and design infrastructure requirements. The second edition provides new information on SOC trends and updated design cases. Coverage also includes critical advanced guidance on the latest UPF-based low power design flow, challenges of deep submicron technologies, and 3D design fundamentals, which will prepare the readers for the challenges of working at the nanotechnology scale. A Practical Approach to VLSI System on Chip (SoC) Design: A Comprehensive Guide, Second Edition provides engineers who aspire to become VLSI designers with all the necessary information and details of EDA tools. It will be a valuable professional reference for those working on VLSI design and verification portfolios in complex SoC designs

This thesis focuses on the growth of a new type of two-dimensional (2D) material known as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It also presents several significant breakthroughs in the authors' understanding of the growth mechanism and development of new growth techniques, which are now well known in the field. Of particular importance is the pioneering work showing experimental proof that 2D crystals of h-BN can indeed be hexagonal in shape. This came as a major surprise to many working in the 2D field, as it had been generally assumed that hexagonal-shaped h-BN was impossible due to energy dynamics. Beyond growth, the thesis also reports on synthesis techniques that are geared toward commercial applications. Large-area aligned growth and up to an eightfold reduction in the cost of h-BN production are demonstrated. At present, all other 2D materials generally use h-BN as their dielectric layer and for encapsulation. As such, this thesis lays the cornerstone for using CVD 2D h-BN for this purpose.

This thesis presents profound insights into the origins and dynamics of beam instabilities using both experimental observations and numerical simulations. When the Recycler Ring, a high-intensity proton beam accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, was commissioned, it became evident that the Recycler beam experiences a very fast instability of unknown nature. This instability was so fast that the existing dampers were ineffective at suppressing it. The nature of this phenomenon, alongside several other poorly understood features of the beam, became one of the biggest puzzles in the accelerator community. The author investigated a hypothesis that the instability arises from an interaction with a dense cloud of electrons accompanying the proton beam. He studied the phenomena experimentally by comparing the dynamics of stable and unstable beams, by numerically simulating the build-up of the electron cloud and its interaction with the beam, and by constructing an analytical model of an electron cloud-driven instability with the electrons trapped in combined-function dipole magnets. He has devised a method to stabilize the beam by a clearing bunch, which conclusively revealed that the instability is caused by the electron cloud, trapped in a strong magnetic field. Finally, he conducted measurements of the microwave propagation through a single dipole magnet. These measurements have confirmed the presence of the electron cloud in combined-function magnets.

This book is primarily designed to serve as a textbook for undergraduate students of electrical, electronics, and computer engineering, but can also be used for primer courses across other disciplines of engineering and related sciences. The first edition of this book was published in 2015. The book has been completely revised and a chapter on PSPICE has also been included. The book covers all the fundamentals aspects of electronics engineering, from electronic materials to devices, and then to basic electronic circuits. The topics covered are the basics of electronics, semiconductor diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field-effect transistors, operational amplifiers, switching theory and logic design, electronic instruments, and Pspice. The book is written in a simple narrative style that makes it easy to understand for the first year students. It includes a lot of illustrative diagrams and examples, to enable students to practice. Each chapter contains a summary followed by questions asked during the University examinations to enable students to practice before the final examination. The contents of this book will be useful also for students and enthusiasts interested in learning about basic electronics without the benefit of formal coursework.

This publication is a compilation of papers presented at the Semiconductor Device Reliabi lity Workshop sponsored by the NATO International Scientific Exchange Program. The Workshop was held in Crete, Greece from June 4 to June 9, 1989. The objective of the Workshop was to review and to further explore advances in the field of semiconductor reliability through invited paper presentations and discussions. The technical emphasis was on quality assurance and reliability of optoelectronic and high speed semiconductor devices. The primary support for the meeting was provided by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO. We are indebted to NATO for their support and to Dr. Craig Sinclair, who admin isters this program. The chapters of this book follow the format and order of the sessions of the meeting. Thirty-six papers were presented and discussed during the five-day Workshop. In addi tion, two panel sessions were held, with audience participation, where the particularly controversial topics of bum-in and reliability modeling and prediction methods were dis cussed. A brief review of these sessions is presented in this book."

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 208, merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains.

This book comprises select proceedings of the international conference ETAEERE 2020, and focuses on contemporary issues in energy management and energy efficiency in the context of power systems. The contents cover modeling, simulation and optimization based studies on topics like medium voltage BTB system, cost optimization of a ring frame unit in textile industry, rectenna for RF energy harvesting, ecology and energy dimension in infrastructural designs, study of AGC in two area hydro thermal power system, energy-efficient and reliable depth-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network, and power line communication. This book can be beneficial for students, researchers as well as industry professionals.

This open access book presents research and evaluation results of the Austrian flagship project "Connecting Austria," illustrating the wide range of research needs and questions that arise when semi-automated truck platooning is deployed in Austria. The work presented is introduced in the context of work in similar research areas around the world. This interdisciplinary research effort considers aspects of engineering, road-vehicle and infrastructure technologies, traffic management and optimization, traffic safety, and psychology, as well as potential economic effects. The book's broad perspective means that readers interested in current and state-of-the-art methods and techniques for the realization of semi-automated driving and with either an engineering background or with a less technical background gain a comprehensive picture of this important subject. The contributors address many questions such as: Which maneuvers does a platoon typically have to carry out, and how? How can platoons be integrated seamlessly in the traffic flow without becoming an obstacle to individual road users? What trade-offs between system information (sensors, communication effort, etc.) and efficiency are realistic? How can intersections be passed by a platoon in an intelligent fashion? Consideration of diverse disciplines and highlighting their meaning for semi-automated truck platooning, together with the highlighting of necessary research and evaluation patterns to address such a broad task scientifically, makes Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning a unique contribution with methods that can be extended and adapted beyond the geographical area of the research reported.

Written as a companion to the highly acclaimed Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook, Second Edition (Marcel Dekker, Inc.), this timely new edition of Magnetic Core Selection for Transformers and Inductors compiles the specifications of over 12,000 industrially available cores and brings them in line with standard units of measurements-simplifying the selection of core configurations for the design of magnetic components.

Providing a comprehensive overview of developments to both the academic and industrial communities, Compound Semiconductors 1996 covers all types of compound semiconducting materials and devices. The book includes results on blue and green lasers, heterostructure devices, nanoelectronics, and novel wide band gap semiconductors. With invited review papers and research results in current topics of interest, this volume is part of a well-known series of conferences for the dissemination of research results in the field.

This book addresses a key technology for digital information processing: Kalman filtering, which is generally considered to be one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century. It introduces readers to issues concerning various uncertainties in a single plant, and to corresponding solutions based on adaptive estimation. Further, it discusses in detail the issues that arise when Kalman filtering technology is applied in multi-sensor systems and/or multi-agent systems, especially when various sensors are used in systems like intelligent robots, autonomous cars, smart homes, smart buildings, etc., requiring multi-sensor information fusion techniques. Furthermore, when multiple agents (subsystems) interact with one another, it produces coupling uncertainties, a challenging issue that is addressed here with the aid of novel decentralized adaptive filtering techniques.Overall, the book's goal is to provide readers with a comprehensive investigation into the challenging problem of making Kalman filtering work well in the presence of various uncertainties and/or for multiple sensors/components. State-of-art techniques are introduced, together with a wealth of novel findings. As such, it can be a good reference book for researchers whose work involves filtering and applications; yet it can also serve as a postgraduate textbook for students in mathematics, engineering, automation, and related fields.To read this book, only a basic grasp of linear algebra and probability theory is needed, though experience with least squares, navigation, robotics, etc. would definitely be a plus.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 207, merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains.

This book gives a fascinating picture of the state of the art in silicon photonics and a perspective on what can be expected in the near future. It is composed of a selected number of reviews authored by world leaders in the field and is written from both academic and industrial viewpoints. An in-depth discussion of the route towards fully integrated silicon photonics is presented. This book will be useful not only to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers but also to graduate students who are interested in the fields of microphotonics and optoelectronics.

This book presents the latest theoretical studies giving new predictions and interpretations on the quantum correlation in molecular dynamics induced by ultrashort laser pulses. The author quantifies the amount of correlation in terms of entanglement by employing methods developed in quantum information science, in particular applied to the photoionization of a hydrogen molecule. It is also revealed that the photoelectron-ion correlation affects the vibrational dynamics of the molecular ion and induces the attosecond-level time delay in the molecular vibration. Furthermore, the book also presents how molecular vibration can couple to photons in a plasmoic nanocavity. Physicists and chemists interested in the ultrafast molecular dynamics would be the most relevant readers. They can learn how we can employ the quantum-information-science tools to understand the correlation in the molecular dynamics and why we should consider the correlation between the photoelectron and the molecular ion to describe the ion's dynamics. They can also learn how to treat a molecule coupled to photons in a nanocavity. All the topics are related to the state-of-the-art experiments, and so, it is important to publish these results to enhance the understanding and to induce new experiments to confirm the theory presented.

This book focuses on complex shaped micro- and nanostructures for future biomedical and sensing applications that were investigated by both theory and experiments. The first part of the book explores rotation-translation coupling of artificial microswimmers at low Reynolds numbers. Usually corkscrew shapes, i.e chiral shapes, are considered in such experiments, due to their inspiration from nature. However, the analysis of the relevant symmetries shows that achiral objects can also be propulsive, which is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. In the second part, a new single-particle spectroscopy technique was developed and the role of symmetry in such measurements is carefully examined. Spectra stemming from one individual nanoparticle that is moving freely in bulk solution, away from a surface, and only due to Brownian motion, are presented. On that basis, the rotationally averaged chiroptical spectrum of a single nanoparticle is measured - a novel observable that has not been accessible before.

This thesis breaks new ground in the physics of photonic circuits for quantum optical applications. The photonic circuits are based either on ridge waveguides or photonic crystals, with embedded quantum dots providing the single qubit, quantum optical emitters. The highlight of the thesis is the first demonstration of a spin-photon interface using an all-waveguide geometry, a vital component of a quantum optical circuit, based on deterministic single photon emission from a single quantum dot. The work makes a further important contribution to the field by demonstrating the effects and limitations that inevitable disorder places on photon propagation in photonic crystal waveguides, a further key component of quantum optical circuits. Overall the thesis offers a number of highly novel contributions to the field; those on chip circuits may prove to be the only means of scaling up the highly promising quantum-dot-based quantum information technology.

This book provides an overview of the use of nanoparticles, carbon-nanotubes, liposomes, and nanopatterned flat surfaces for specific biomedical applications. This book explains the chemical and physical properties of the surface of these materials that allow their use in diagnosis, biosensing and bioimaging devices, drug delivery systems, and bone substitute implants. The toxicology of these particles is also discussed in the light of a new field referred to as nanotoxicology in this book. This book will be useful for engineers, researchers and industry professionals primarily in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, nanocatalysis, biotechnology and biomedicine.

Several diverse but related topics concerned with semiconductor growth are brought together here, for the first time in a single text. Those studying semiconductor growth from any perspective will find this book invaluable and it will be essential reading for all in the semiconductor industry, whether in applications or in manufacturing.

Electroactive polymers have been the object of increasing academic and industrial interest and in the past ten to fifteen years substantial progress has been achieved in the development and the characterization of this important new class of conducting materials. These materials are usually classified in two large groups, according to the mode of their electric transport. One group includes polymers having transport almost exclusively of the ionic type and they are often called 'polymer electrolytes' or, in a broader way, 'polymer ionics'. The other group includes polymeric materials where the transport mechanism is mainly electronic in nature and which are commonly termed 'conducting polymers'. Ionically conducting polymers or polymer ionics may be typically described as polar macromolecular solids in which one or more of a wide range of salts has been dissolved. The most classic example is the combina tion of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and lithium salts, LiX. These PEO-LiX polymer ionics were first described and proposed for applications just over ten years ago. The practical relevance of these new materials was im mediately recognized and in the course of a few years the field expanded tremendously with the involvement of many academic and industrial lab oratories. Following this diversified research activity, the ionic transport mechanism in polymer ionics was soon established and this has led to the development of new host polymers of various types, new salts and advanced polymer architectures which have enabled room temperature conductivity to be raised by several orders of magnitude."

This book focuses on the photoelectric nanodevices based on carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and related heterojunctions. The synthesis of carbon nanostructures and device fabrication are simply given. The interface charge transfer and the performance enhancement in the photodetectors and solar cells are comprehensively introduced. Importantly, carbon allotropes behave as high-mobility conductors or bandgap-tunable semiconductors depending on the atomic arrangements, the direct motivation is to fabricate all-carbon nanodevices using these carbon nanomaterials as building blocks. The photoelectric nanodevices based on all-carbon nanostructures have increasingly attracted attention in the future. The book offers a valuable reference guide to carbon-based photoelectric devices for researchers and graduate school students in the field. It will also benefit all researchers who investigate photoelectric nanodevices and photoelectric conversion with relevant frontier theories and concepts.