Financing Life Science Innovation reviews the literature on venture capital, corporate governance, and life science venturing and presents a study of the Swedish life science industry and the venture capital investors being active in financially and managerially supporting life science start-up firms.

Entrepreneurship in the Region approaches many different aspects of entrepreneurship from a regional perspective. The regional influences on entrepreneurship analyzed entail regional peculiarities and disparities in new business formation processes, the success and the employment effects of new firms, the importance of social capital and of network structures as well as entrepreneurship education and training provided in the regions. The articles in this book provide strong evidence for the importance of regional factors that shape entrepreneurship and new firm formation processes. It is shown that regional differences of start-up rates and entrepreneurial attitudes are not at all elusive but tend to be rather persistent and prevail over longer periods of time. The evidence clearly suggests that the regional level can be an appropriate starting point for entrepreneurship policy and that research on the issue may considerably benefit from properly accounting for the spatial dimension.

MaZwane has become a legend in South Africa as a pioneering entrepreneur – and an inspiration for those who ask questions about opportunities in the informal township economy. Her answer to those who doubt whether they can make it, is that you do it through perseverance, sacrifice, seizing opportunities, and offering superior products and service.

In 1989 Phumlaphi (‘Rita’) Zwane left KwaZulu-Natal to find work in Johannesburg after becoming a teenage mother. She could count on the love of her family, a matric certificate and her faith, but had no job prospects, and no knowledge of the business world or life in the big cities. Her memoir takes the reader from the tough times of finding her feet in Johannesburg, through a variety of jobs and life experiences, to finally fighting her way to success as a respected member of the township economy and starting the successful Imbizo Shisanyama business. MaZwane tells how she progressed from having virtually no income or permanent home to becoming the first person to formalise and commercialise shisanyama in the townships – and provide a comfortable home and legacy for her children.

Along the way, she befriended many people who contributed accommodation, job opportunities, advice, and companionship. With them cheering her on, she learned how to navigate the different and difficult aspects of the hospitality industry – and slowly reach her desired place of independent security. Conquering the Poverty of the Mind shows the true grit of a Zulu girl who believed in herself – and did it against all odds.

This volume includes a series of papers which examine the contributions of entrepreneurship education on the performance of graduates. Using survey data for 2,484 entrepreneurship and non-entrepreneurship graduates, the analysis indicates that entrepreneurship education contributes to risk taking, the formation of new ventures, and firm growth. The second chapter continues with an assessment of the effects of entrepreneurship and technological change historically, focusing on the computer industry. Chapter three also examines the development of property rights in the computing industry with an assessment of the special problems of the internet. Chapter four turns to broader questions of the bases for entrepreneurial behavior within firms and presents survey data from South Africa and the US. Chapter five continues the analysis of entrepreneurial activities. A model is presented and implications are drawn. The final two chapters examine specific marketing issues for entrepreneurial firms. With ease of entry and intense competition, marketing strategies become especially critical.

After spending several years in Canada and the Caribbean working with small and medium-sized businesses, John Philip Henderson brings a working knowledge that business owners need to be successful after dealing with the hardships in this potentially tough sector of society.

Written in an essentially conversational tone to be easily comprehended by those seeking knowledge in starting up a business, Henderson's business plan will help you with sound and proven topics including: Choosing the right investment goal Deciding your business structure Finding the capital for your business Marketing your product and services Managing your time and your money Henderson shares the advantages and disadvantages of going into business for yourself as well as sharing examples of how to skillfully and profitably implement your ideas." The Small-Business Self-Starter Handbook" is a must for aspiring entrepreneurs ready to make the dream of starting their own business a reality.

With the current upsurge of Industry 4.0, the way manufacturers assemble their products to sell in a competitive market has changed, guided by the SMART strategy. Only the most adaptable and suitable firms will be able to survive in this new business and economic world, and in this sense, the combination of (formal and informal) formation and working experience exerted by senior entrepreneurs will generate competitive advantages in the firms they work. Senior Entrepreneurship and Aging in Modern Business is an essential reference source that discusses senior entrepreneurship, its benefits to companies due to its combination of practical experience and training, and the impact technology has on it. Featuring research on topics such as human capital, value creation, and organizational success, this book is ideally designed for entrepreneurs, executives, managers, policymakers, professionals, researchers, business administrators, academicians, and students.

Service-learning and social entrepreneurship connect students to communities through courses and campus-based opportunities. Each offers students active learning opportunities tied to community engagement and problem solving. Enos presents strategies for creating campus-based programs that educate students for twenty-first century citizenship.

In this volume, we examine how the institutional environment affects entrepreneurial organizations, and vice-versa. This includes not only how the institutional environment constrains both founding processes and the type of organizations founded, but also how institutional dynamics construct new entrepreneurial opportunities, empower and facilitate action, and how entrepreneurs manipulate the institutional environment to serve their own ends. This institutional approach to entrepreneurship shifts attention away from the personal traits and backgrounds of individual entrepreneurs, and towards how institutions shape entrepreneurial opportunities and actions; how entrepreneurs navigate their cognitive, normative, and regulatory environments; and, how actors modify and build institutions to support new types of organizations.

Policymakers throughout Europe and the US have responded to rising concerns about unemployment, jobs, growth and international competitiveness in global markets with a new mandate to promote the creation of innovative new businesses. While recent literature identified clear and decisive links between entrepreneurship, growth, job creation and international competitiveness, policy makers were initially slow to recognize these links. Without a clear and organized view of where and how entrepreneurship manifests itself, policy makers have been left in uncharted waters without an analytical compass.

The purpose of this book is to provide such an analytical compass for directing how public policy can shape and promote entrepreneurship. We do this in two ways. The first is to provide a framework for policymakers and scholars to understand what determines entrepreneurship. The second is to apply this framework to a series of cases, or country studies. In particular, this book seeks to answer three questions about entrepreneurship: What has happened over time? Why did it happen? And, what has been the role of government policy?

The cornerstone of the book is the proposed Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship. The goal of the Eclectic Theory is to provide a unified framework for understanding and analyzing the determinants of entrepreneurship. The Eclectic Theory of entrepreneurship integrates the different strands from relevant fields into a unifying, coherent framework. At the heart of the Eclectic Theory is the integration of factors shaping the demand for entrepreneurship on the one hand, with those influencing the supply of entrepreneurs on the other hand. The key to understanding the role of public policy is through identifying those channels shifting either the demand for or the supply of entrepreneurship by policy instruments.

The findings in this book show that, by utilizing the framework provided by the Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship, it is within the grasp of policymakers to identify the determinants of entrepreneurship in a particular country setting at a particular point in time. This will be essential in formulating new public policies to promote entrepreneurship and, ultimately, economic growth, job creation and international competitiveness.

This volume presents a series of perspectives that evaluate the merits of and potential for establishing institutionalized social valuation protocols within university settings. The volumes open with a comprehensive overview of the existing literature that addresses issues related to assessing the social value of university innovations. The first section provides sociological, organizational, and economic perspectives on issues informing the forecasting and/or demonstrating the social value of university innovations. The second section explores potential metrics and measures for either forecasting or demonstrating the social and economic value of university innovations. The third section concludes by considering issues of governance over and the organizational positioning institutionalized protocol for forecasting and demonstrating the social and economic value of university innovations.

Entrepreneurship education is a rapidly evolving field that is critical to the development of well-equipped and competent business leaders. The importance of training the future generation of managers and leaders cannot be overlooked as they play a vital role in ensuring the survival of various industries and companies. Entrepreneurship Education in Tourism and Hospitality Management provides an in-depth look at various cases of entrepreneurship education in the tourism and hospitality industries across the world as well as their recent changes and developments. This book also advances the literature in the field of entrepreneurship education by broadening the discussion on the recent trends and ongoing challenges to include perspectives on creating the next generation of tourism and hospitality entrepreneurs. Covering topics such as digital education and tourism sustainability, this reference work is ideal for administrators, academicians, policymakers, entrepreneurs, scholars, researchers, practitioners, instructors, and students.

This book discusses the analysis of consumer behavior as a fundamental tool to build agility in business models and strategies. Exploring recent scientific developments in neurobehavioral research, this book argues that the development of agile marketing strategies requires an examination of neurobehavioral experiences in visual merchandising, shopping, and consumption, and an understanding cognitive synchronization with emotions, such as eye movements, gestures, verbal manifestation, and encoding behavior among consumers. The author discusses possible approaches to measure neuro-responses during a consumer's shopping experience, both in-store and online. Such approaches will help firms to understand real-time neurobehavioral effects and improve the marketing capabilities of the firm accordingly. Discussing new strategies suitable to co-create agile business models in association with the market players and consumers, this interdisciplinary work engages scholarship on business agility, consumer behavior, social intervention, collective intelligence, decision-making, and stakeholder values.

This important book enhances understanding of entrepreneurial dynamics, providing the first analysis of changes in US entrepreneurial activity. Based on the unprecedented Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, it examines adult participation in new firm creation and differences in regional firm creation activity. Shedding light on the importance of new firms for job growth, productivity enhancements, innovation, and routes for social mobility, the author tracks the success or failure of entrepreneurs, including comparisons of different groups, such as women and minorities, as well as across countries.

This book sets out to examine small technologically innovative enterprises in Europe from the viewpoint of ten international researchers. Drawing on original empirical research, the contributions describe the different aspects of the business development and innovation process, including the creation and development of technology-based enterprises, the growth of the firm, different types of networking activities, and various development strategies when the firm is established.

Policies to increase the level of enterprise and entrepreneurship, in many countries and regions, have often failed. This book explores this and gives alternative views to derive a different model, based on social influence, which is consistent with the evidence and which might therefore lead to better policy.

In recent decades, the world has witnessed the emergence of a global knowledge economy in which functional regions increasingly play a role as independent and dynamic market places. These are integrated with other functional regions by means of flows of information, knowledge, and commodities. This contemporary and illuminating book provides a state-of-the-art overview of current research on innovation and entrepreneurship in functional regions. There are numerous questions regarding entrepreneurship and innovation in functional regions that have not yet been answered - until now. Some of the issues that the expert contributors in this field question are - How do firms compete and how do they develop their competitive strategies? How important are entrepreneurial actions and innovation? How important are firm size, firm maturity and corporate structure for innovation? Entrepreneurship and Innovations in Functional Regions will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of entrepreneurship, business economics, innovation and regional science.