There has been widespread dissatisfaction with accepted models for predicting the conditions that people will find thermally comfortable in buildings. These models require knowledge about clothing and activity, but can give little guidance on how to quantify them in any future situation. This has forced designers to make assumptions about people's future behaviour based on very little information and, as a result, encouraged static design indoor temperatures. This book is the second in a three volume set covering all aspects of Adaptive Thermal Comfort. The first part narrates the development of the adaptive approach to thermal comfort from its early beginnings in the 1960s. It discusses recent work in the field and suggests ways in which it can be developed and modelled. Such models can be used to set dynamic, interactive standards for thermal comfort which will help overcome the problems inherited from the past. The second part of the volume engages with the practical and theoretical problems encountered in field studies and in their statistical analysis, providing guidance towards their resolution, so that valid conclusions may be drawn from such studies.

Occupational Exposures: Chemical Carcinogens and Mutagens offers a focused emphasis on chemical exposures associated with carcinogenic and mutagenic impacts along with associated controls for mitigating and controlling exposures. It discusses a range of topics including hematopoietic system impact, reproductive system impact, inorganic compounds, halogenated compounds, carbamates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, product elimination and substation, exposure control methods, and human biological impact. Presents a comprehensive account of carcinogens and mutagens for occupational and environmental health professionals Covers preventive measures and controls for carcinogens and mutagens Discusses exposure controls, exposure pathways, impacts, and treatments The book is ideal for professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational health and safety, industrial engineering, and chemical engineering.

This book examines how safety failings during the use of any designed product or system-be it a car, a building, or a chemical plant-can be mitigated through effective understanding of the conditions and controls surrounding its use. Drawing on historical failures and their own real-world experience, Dr Andy Painting and David England explain how corporate culture, engineering safety, personnel selection, and proper safety auditing are key ingredients to maintaining safety in all aspects of an organization's operations. This effective strategy is also crucial to linking back to the design of future products in establishing where operational failures have been identified and can therefore be "designed out" in future iterations. The book challenges silo thinking among the various safety-related disciplines and shows how this can be counter-productive to effective safety management. Effectively Managing the Case for Safety draws on key features from engineering, design, and health and safety processes, which, when used cohesively, promote a better working environment for everyone and help to reduce wasted time, money, and effort for any organization. Safety is tracked from the initial design stage through any product's entire service life and includes evidence of how safety affects, and is affected by, all those who interact with a product, system, or project. Following their first book, An Effective Strategy for Safe Design in Engineering and Construction, which demonstrated how current construction regulations can be used as a framework to ensure that safety is embedded into the design of virtually any product from machinery to buildings, this follow up book defines what safe is, how it is initially derived, and how the operational safety of any product, during its in-use phase, can be managed and assessed. The result is not only to ensure compliance with relevant regulations but also to actively ensure the ongoing safety of all those who interact with a product or project.

This book examines how safety failings during the use of any designed product or system-be it a car, a building, or a chemical plant-can be mitigated through effective understanding of the conditions and controls surrounding its use. Drawing on historical failures and their own real-world experience, Dr Andy Painting and David England explain how corporate culture, engineering safety, personnel selection, and proper safety auditing are key ingredients to maintaining safety in all aspects of an organization's operations. This effective strategy is also crucial to linking back to the design of future products in establishing where operational failures have been identified and can therefore be "designed out" in future iterations. The book challenges silo thinking among the various safety-related disciplines and shows how this can be counter-productive to effective safety management. Effectively Managing the Case for Safety draws on key features from engineering, design, and health and safety processes, which, when used cohesively, promote a better working environment for everyone and help to reduce wasted time, money, and effort for any organization. Safety is tracked from the initial design stage through any product's entire service life and includes evidence of how safety affects, and is affected by, all those who interact with a product, system, or project. Following their first book, An Effective Strategy for Safe Design in Engineering and Construction, which demonstrated how current construction regulations can be used as a framework to ensure that safety is embedded into the design of virtually any product from machinery to buildings, this follow up book defines what safe is, how it is initially derived, and how the operational safety of any product, during its in-use phase, can be managed and assessed. The result is not only to ensure compliance with relevant regulations but also to actively ensure the ongoing safety of all those who interact with a product or project.

Protecting our environment has never been more important than it is today in the wake of climate change and the ever-increasing demand on natural resources due to the expanding world population. Environmental protection has been increasingly discussed by concerned citizen groups and politicians in the wake of unexpected environmental disasters that have occurred in recent years. The need to protect drinking water resources, control greenhouse gas emissions, and implement successful waste reduction practices will continue to gain visibility with growing social awareness. Environmental managers and leaders can all benefit from this comprehensive and strategic book which guides them through environmental regulatory requirements and methods that can be used to interpret the regulations, develop programs, and processes to ensure compliance. The book includes a Tool Kit containing resources that can assist a company in assessing and evaluating the strength of their environmental program, systems, and processes so that changes can be made before damages to the environment becomes a reality, and penalties are enforced.

This book provides a great collection of work design testimonies with transferable lessons across many industry sectors and domains. It discusses physiological and cognitive parameters, teamwork, social aspects, organizational, and broader factors that influence work design initiatives. It is important to learn from practitioner stories and real-world conditions that affect the theoretical applications of work design. Readers will benefit from understanding the struggles and successes of the authors. The chapters cover a wide spectrum of human factors and user needs, including decision making in (ab)normal and safety-critical situations, physical ergonomics, design-in-use modifications, and tailored training. The text examines holistic approaches that lead to improved work methods, worker engagement, and effective system-wide interventions. Ergonomic Insights: Successes and Failures of Work Design is primarily written for professionals and graduate students in the fields of ergonomics, human factors, and occupational health and safety. Educators will also benefit from using these case studies in class lessons.

The environmental and human costs of marine accidents are high, and risks are considerable. At the same time, expectations from society for the safety of maritime transportation, like most other activities, increase continuously. To meet these expectations, systematic methods for understanding and managing the risks in a cost-efficient manner are needed. This book provides readers with an understanding of how to approach this problem. Firmly set within the context of the maritime industry, systematic methods for safety management and risk assessment are described. The legal framework and the risk picture within the maritime industry provide necessary context. Safety management is a continuous and wide-ranging process, with a set of methods and tools to support the process. The book provides guidance on how to approach safety management, with many examples from the maritime industry to illustrate practical use. This extensively revised new edition addresses the needs of students and professionals working in shipping management, ship design and naval architecture, and transport management, as well as safety management, insurance and accident investigation.

This interesting book offers an analysis of man-made catastrophes and asks why they continue to occur. 87 catastrophes or near-catastrophes, including high profile cases such as the Bhopal gas disaster, Grenfell Tower, Shoreham Air Show crash, Brumadinho dam collapse and Fukushima Daiichi, are described together with the reasons why they occurred and why over 50 different safety management approaches and techniques failed to prevent them. Featuring 63 eye opening stories from the author's own personal experience and over 200 pitfalls in safety management approaches, this title is illustrated by 24 hypothetical cases in which the reader is asked to consider the approach they would take. Safety management techniques discussed include operating practices, personnel selection and emergency response. Safety management approaches including safety governance in organisations, along with the role of government and local authorities using the instruments of the law are extensively discussed. The work concludes with imaginative and creative ways forward with the aim to make considerable progress and to potentially eliminate man-made catastrophes for good. This title will be an ideal read for safety managers and engineers, community leaders in civic duties or labour union roles and professionals tasked with stopping and mitigating the impacts of man-made catastrophes, along with non-technical readers who are curious and concerned.

Digital Transformations for Lighting in the Workplace: A Systematic Approach Used in Ergonomics offers a practical concept for the implementation of digital transformation in ergonomics in work settings. It specifically focuses on providing information about illumination in production and non-production fields, and the described design solutions are applicable in practice. The concepts can be used in a typical manufacturing workplace or an academic setting. The methods in the book complement the modern trend to digitalise the workplace, making the research and practical outcomes of this book compatible with the concept of Industry 4.0 - Digital Manufacturing. This title offers a systematic approach to the field of digital transformation for ergonomics. It presents an opportunity for the reader to learn to create a digital model for lighting by analysing mathematical models for calculation through formulas and simulation algorithms. To put learning into context, this book provides two case studies from the production and non-production sectors, including an example of a classroom. The reader will then be able to utilise the methods to create their own digitized illumination system. This monograph is an ideal read for academics and researchers working at universities in the field of Ergonomics and professionals in industrial management including those in manufacturing plants, ergonomists, designers from the industry sector, or people who are interested in ergonomics, digitization, and simulation of a working environment.

This book provides an introduction to the Human Centred Design of autonomous vehicles for professionals and students. While rapid progress is being made in the field of autonomous road vehicles the majority of actions and the research address the technical challenges, with little attention to the physical, perceptual, cognitive and emotional needs of humans. This book fills a gap in the knowledge by providing an easily understandable introduction to the needs and desires of people in relation to autonomous vehicles. The book is "human centred design" led, adding an important human perspective to the primarily technology-driven debates about autonomous vehicles. It combines knowledge from fields ranging from linguistics to electrical engineering to provide a holistic, multidisciplinary overview of the issues affecting the interactions between autonomous vehicles and people. It emphasises the constraints and requirements that a human centred perspective necessitates, giving balanced information about the potential conflicts between technical and human factors. The book provides a helpful introduction to the field of design ethics, to enhance the reader's awareness and understanding of the multiple ethical issues involved in autonomous vehicle design. Written as an accessible guide for design practitioners and students, this will be a key read for those interested in the psychological, sociological and ethical factors involved in automotive design, human centred design, industrial design and technology.

Key Selling Points The first book to showcase physical representations of data, and the first to discuss the creative process behind them. Approaches the topic from a multidisciplinary perspective, showcasing a range of creative approaches from computer science, data science, graphic design, art, craft, and architecture. The book is heavily visual and illustrates each project and the process of creating it via rich photos and sketches, which are accessible and inspiring for both enthusiasts and experts.

This revised text discusses key aspects for protective gloves, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance. The book provides guidance on how to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment and presents hard-to-find information in one easy-to-use resource. It covers important concepts, including prevention of contact dermatitis, clinical testing of occupation-related glove sensitivity, and infection control and preventative measures for pandemics. The book: Provides update state-of-the-art information, practices, standards, and guidelines Covers information on protective glove material technology, protective effects, and adverse medical effects Explores ways to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment Discusses concepts, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance according to standardized technical methods in vivo. The text will be useful for professionals in the fields of occupational and industrial hygiene, health care, and public health. It will also help graduate students in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, and environmental health. This book offers a wealth of information on protective glove material technology, protective effects, and adverse medical effects. It gives detailed discussion of parameters, including the selection and use of gloves for industrial chemicals, acrylates, and pesticides, and gloves as protection against microbial contamination. It will be a valuable resource for professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational and industrial hygiene, healthcare, public health, chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, and environmental health.

The first edition of Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety took the medical and ergonomics communities by storm with in-depth coverage of human factors and ergonomics research, concepts, theories, models, methods, and interventions and how they can be applied in health care. Other books focus on particular human factors and ergonomics issues such as human error or design of medical devices or a specific application such as emergency medicine. This book draws on both areas to provide a compendium of human factors and ergonomics issues relevant to health care and patient safety. The second edition takes a more practical approach with coverage of methods, interventions, and applications and a greater range of domains such as medication safety, surgery, anesthesia, and infection prevention. New topics include: * work schedules * error recovery * telemedicine * workflow analysis * simulation * health information technology development and design * patient safety management Reflecting developments and advances in the five years since the first edition, the book explores medical technology and telemedicine and puts a special emphasis on the contributions of human factors and ergonomics to the improvement of patient safety and quality of care. In order to take patient safety to the next level, collaboration between human factors professionals and health care providers must occur. This book brings both groups closer to achieving that goal.

This book examines an emerging organizational form called the multi-team system (MTS). This type of aggregation is being increasingly adopted by organizations and agencies that need to respond to complex strategic problems. There has been increasing interest in MTSs over the last decade to the point where there is now a need to (a) describe these organizational forms more fully, (b) build conceptual frames that can guide research, and (c) begin developing tools to improve the study of MTSs. The purpose of this book is to respond to these needs. The book contains a series of chapters that expand prior conceptual frames of MTSs, defining in more detail the compositional and linkage attributes that characterize such units. The book also explores how such systems emerge and develop, as well as the methods for studying MTSs. The intent of the book is to establish and nurture a strong conceptual and methodological foundation that can guide research and practice with MTSs. Because the notion of MTSs cuts across multiple domains, this book will interest scholars in industrial/organizational psychology, organizational science, management and organizational theory, human factors, sociology, organization communications, and public administration.

Accident prevention is a common thread throughout every aspect of our society. However, even with the most current technological developments, keeping people safe and healthy, both at workplaces and at other daily activities, is still a continual challenge. When it comes to work environments, ergonomics and human factors knowledge can play an important role and, therefore, must be included in, or be a part of, the safety management as a cross-disciplinary area concerned with the understanding of actual work situations and potential variables. This multidisciplinary approach will ultimately ensure the safety, health, and well-being of all collaborators. The main goal of this book is to present theories and models, and to describe practices to foster and promote safer work and working environments. This book offers: * Examples of field practices that can be reproduced in other scenarios * Applications of new methods for risk assessment * Methods on how to apply and integrate human factors and ergonomics in accident prevention and safety management * Coverage of human factors and ergonomics in safety culture * New methods for accident analysis This book is a compilation of contributions from invited authors organized in three main topics from eleven countries and is intended to cover specific aspects of safety and human factors management ranging from case studies to the development of theoretical models. Hopefully, the works presented in the book can be an inspiration for translating research into useful actions and, ultimately, making a relevant and tangible contribution to the safety of our daily and work settings.

Two of the most important yet often overlooked aspects of a medical device are its usability and accessibility. This is important not only for health care providers, but also for older patients and users with disabilities or activity limitations. Medical Instrumentation: Accessibility and Usability Considerations focuses on how lack of usability and accessibility pose problems for designers and users of medical devices, and how to overcome these limitations. Divided into five broad sections, the book first addresses the nature and extent of the problem by identifying access barriers, human factors, and policy issues focused on the existing infrastructure. The subsequent sections examine responses to the problem, beginning with tools for usability and accessibility analysis and principles of design for medical instrumentation. Building on this foundation, the third section focuses on recommendations for design guidelines while the fourth section explores emerging trends and future technologies for improving medical device usability. The final section outlines key challenges, knowledge gaps, and recommendations from accomplished experts in the field presented at the recent Workshop on Accessible Interfaces for Medical Instrumentation. Integrating expert perspectives from a wide array of disciplines, Medical Instrumentation traces a clear roadmap for improving accessibility and usability for a variety of stakeholders and provides the tools necessary to follow it.

This book summarizes the activities of the Generic Intelligent Driver Support (GIDS) Consortium and offers recommendations for successful GIDS implementation. It is based on the GIDS Project, a part of the EC-funded Dedicated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle Safety in Europe Programme.

This book statistically confirms that complexity and changing technologies that affect the way operators interact within the systems of the nuclear facili-ties exacerbate the severity of incidents caused by human error and details the application of the systems engineering process to reduce human error given industries' rapidly advancing technology. Technology, Human Performance, and Nuclear Facilities: A Systems Engineering Approach to Reduce Human Error provides a basic understand-ing of Human Error/ P erformance and its relation to industrial operations and advancing technologies incorporated into facilities. The book discusses the context surrounding the complexity of changing technologies at nuclear facili-ties and the potential worsening of problems caused by human error when technology advancements concerning operator interaction with control sys-tems are implemented. It presents how to reduce human error propensity given the incorporation of advanced technology and covers ways to reduce human error using the systems engineering process. Also offered are several concepts related to the operator's involvement in the systems engineering process and the human performance integration with system operational requirements and system testing, evaluation, and validation, and the procedures and training development in the systems engineering process. This book presents empirical evidence for the importance of human performance management in the con-text of nuclear facilities and offers practical recommendations for the improve-ment of this function. Systems engineers, plant/ design engineers, the nuclear industry, plant operations management, and those involved in industrial and nuclear safety will find something of interest in this book.

Explores SMS as it is implemented in aviation based on examples from several countries and regions, namely the UK, USA, and Australia. Presents a socio-historical analysis of how SMSs emerged in high-risk industries. Provides insights to explain the existing limitations of SMS. Proposes new avenues to reach beyond the limitations of SMS. Discusses the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of risk analysis.

Management of hazardous chemicals and materials-particularly during emergency release situations-is a critical part of routine training required for workers and professionals in the chemical, petroleum and manufacturing industries. Proper storage of highly reactive chemical agents, correct choice of protective clothing and safety issues in confined spaces are vital to operating facilities. Inattention to these and other issues covered in this book can result in a loss of life, dispersal of toxic chemical agents into the environment, or fire and explosion and subsequent legal liabilities.Emergency Response and Hazardous Chemical Management: Principles and Practices provides a concise reference for management and workers on the important issues regarding the use and management of hazardous chemicals as well as the critical issues in the emergency response management of uncontrolled releases of hazardous agents. This book combines practical information on hazardous chemical response and environmental management with scientific and management issues important in the development of sound chemical management planning. Important current topics such as hazardous chemical management in confined spaces are also covered in detail.

Most Fortune 1000 companies still struggle with workspace planning and design issues. They invest millions of dollars each year with the expectation that new buildings and major renovations will help transform their culture, support innovation, strengthen desired behaviors and increase organizational effectiveness. And let's not forget reducing costs. But there is rarely any actual measurement of the success of a new workplace against specific business or design goals (apart from cost savings). Even less often is there any ongoing measurement program to assess and improve the quality of the workplace. Measuring Workplace Performance, Second Edition explores a fundamentally new way of thinking about how organizations behave and change and what this means for planning and measuring the success of the facilities that house them. This is not a planning guide or a step by step design "cookbook." Rather, author Michael O'Neill presents a thought-provoking "biological" model for thinking about organizations and workplaces, describes the tools to gather information and analyze success, and presents plenty of scientific case studies with "hard" performance and financial metrics. O'Neill addresses issues such as: What are the effects of adding flexibility into facility and workplace design, in terms of improving employee and organizational performance? How do we measure the performance of facilities in terms of supporting desired behaviors (like communication, collaboration), efficient business processes and other concrete performance/financial improvements? Using real-world case studies across a variety of industries, O'Neill shows the types of performance measures that leading-edge companies use as well as the improvements they attain by incorporating flexibility and control into their workspaces. He uses the data from these studies to create models showing credible links between specific design features, and behavioral and business process outco

A comprehensive review of international and national standards and guidelines, this handbook consists of 32 chapters divided into nine sections that cover standardization efforts, anthropometry and working postures, designing manual material, human-computer interaction, occupational health and safety, legal protection, military human factor standards, and sources for human factors and ergonomics standards. The book delineates the role standards and guidelines play in facilitating the design and optimal working conditions in regards to occupational safety and health as well as system performance in the context of technological advances and opportunities for economic development worldwide.

Small and big persons, disabled and elderly, expectant mothers and children. Everyone will fall into one of these categories at least once in their lifetime. In fact, demographics show that at least two of every five people vary from the norm in height, width, and weight at any given time. Yet customarily, designers design for adults of regular size with standard abilities. Written by an expert in human factors and ergonomics, Extraordinary Ergonomics explores designing for population groups that do not meet the customary standards in age, size, and abilities. Underscoring the need for extraordinary ergonomics, the book illustrates various approaches to measuring the characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of those who differ from the norm. It provides the how-tos of designing for people who are smaller, weaker, or bigger, discusses specifically the design for persons with disabilities and the aging population, and covers human factors engineering for expectant mothers and ergonomics for children and teenagers. The author explains how to assess and determine abilities and needs and demonstrates how to design tools, homes, and environments to make working space safe and living space easy.

Muscle strength is an important topic for ergonomics practitioners and physiologists to understand, especially as it relates to workplace injuries. Muscle strength and function is at the heart of many injuries that lead to reduced productivity and economic strain on the worker, the company, and society as a whole. This comprehensive source of information and data relating to muscle strength is the first to present such information in a single source. Muscle Strength explains the general determinants of muscle strength such as gender, age, and muscle type. It illustrates physical data in the context of theoretical background and examines the protocols, techniques, devices, and data used to record muscle strength in various parts of the body. This is followed by a discussion of overexertion, strength prediction, strength and endurance, torque and EMG relationship, and muscle fatigue. Finally, the material is applied to the use of muscle in jobs, to product design, and to studies of job accommodation and the effect of disability on strength. Professionals in ergonomics, biomechanics, sports science, and physiology will find that this unique text provides insight and data on an important subject in their field.

As a safety manager in today's work environment, you wear hats in many different fields. Sometimes you need only a specific formula or drawing to understand the current situation. This resource supplies it. Or maybe you want to know where to find more information on a specific subject. This resource has it. The Safety Officer's Concise Desk Reference covers the basics in a user-friendly format and provides specific references of where and how to obtain additional information on each subject. While there are entire books devoted to almost every item in this book, nowhere else will you find these issues covered in a concise reference format. It gives you the essentials to get through the task immediately before you, providing the necessary information and references, while not burdening you with unimportant information. And, after a specific crisis is contained, it provides you with resources for where and how to obtain additional information. Need to make doctor's reports and fill out workers compensation forms? Detailed explanations make these easy to reference, understand, and explain. Need a mathematical formula or conversion? Again, available in an easy-to-find format. During a crisis, you need a resource that puts information at your fingertips. You need go no further than The Safety Officer's Desk Reference.