This book discusses fabrication of functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and multifunctional nanocomposites, their optical properties, and applications in biological studies. This is the very first book of its kind to comprehensively discuss published data on in vitro and in vivo biodistribution, toxicity, and uptake of GNP by mammalian cells providing a systematization of data over the GNP types and parameters, their surface functionalization, animal and cell models. As distinct from other related books, Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications discusses the immunological properties of GNPs and summarizes their applications as an antigen carrier and adjuvant in immunization for the preparation of antibodies in vivo. Although the potential of GNPs in nanobiotechnology has been recognized for the past decade, new insights into the unique properties of multifunctional nanostructures have recently emerged. With these developments in mind, this book unites ground breaking experimental data with a discussion of hybrid nanoparticle systems that combine different nanomaterials to create multifunctional structures. These novel hybrids constitute the material basis of theranostics, bringing together the advanced properties of functionalized GNPs and composites into a single multifunctional nanostructure with simultaneous diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Such nanohybrids can be physically and chemically tailored for a particular organ, disease, and patient thus making personalized medicine available.

Ensure your students get to grips with the practical and skills needed to succeed at AS and A Level Biology. With an in-depth assessment-driven approach that builds and reinforces understanding; clear summaries of practical work with sample questions and answers help to improve exam technique in order to achieve higher grades. Written by experienced teacher John Campton, this Student Guide for practical Biology: - Help students easily identify what they need to know with a concise summary of practical work examined in the A-level specifications. - Consolidate understanding of practical work, methodology, mathematical and other skills out of the laboratory with exam tips and knowledge check questions, with answers in the back of the book. - Provide plenty of opportunities for students to improve exam technique with sample answers, examiners tips and exam-style questions. - Offer support beyond the Student books with coverage of methodologies and generic practical skills not focused on in the textbooks.

Dive into the most common statistical tests and software packages used for scientific data analysis and interpretation In Essential Statistics For Bioscientists, experienced university and bioscientist Dr Mohammed Meah delivers easy access to statistical analysis and data presentation. It is a great resource for students in the field of life and health sciences to conceptualize, analyze, and present data. This book uses three popular and commonly used statistics softwares--Microsoft Excel, Graphpad Prism, and SPSS--and offers clear, step-by-step instructions for essential data analysis and graphical/tabular display of data. Beginning with fundamental statistics terminology and concepts, including data types, descriptive statistics (central and spread of data), exploratory statistics (graphical display) and inferential statistics (hypothesis testing and correlation), the content gradually builds in complexity, explaining which statistical test is best suited and how to perform it. A thorough introduction to basic statistical terms and building up to an advanced level of statistical application- ideal for those new to study of statistics Extensive application of three popular software packages- Microsoft Excel, Graphpad Prism and SPSS Numerous hands-on examples of performing data analysis using Microsoft Excel, Graphpad Prism, and SPSS Considers the limitations and errors of statistical analysis Essential reading for those designing and planning a research project in Biosciences Perfect for undergraduate students in the life and health sciences, Essential Statistics For Bioscientists will also earn a place in the libraries of anyone studying medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, pharmacy, and dentistry requiring a refresher or primer on statistical fundamentals.

Due to the tremendous accumulation of data for genetic markers, pharmacogenomics, the study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the overall variability of drug response, is one of the hottest areas of research in biomedical science. Statistical and Computational Pharmacogenomics presents recent developments in statistical methodology with a number of detailed worked examples that outline how these methods can be applied. This comprehensive volume provides key tools needed to understand and model the genetic variation for drug response and equips statisticians with a thorough understanding of this complex field and how computational skills can be employed.

As in many other fields, biomedical engineers benefit from the use of computational intelligence (CI) tools to solve complex and non-linear problems. The benefits could be even greater if there were scientific literature that specifically focused on the biomedical applications of computational intelligence techniques. The first comprehensive field-specific reference, Computational Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering provides a unique look at how techniques in CI can offer solutions in modelling, relationship pattern recognition, clustering, and other problems particular to the field. The authors begin with an overview of signal processing and machine learning approaches and continue on to introduce specific applications, which illustrate CI's importance in medical diagnosis and healthcare. They provide an extensive review of signal processing techniques commonly employed in the analysis of biomedical signals and in the improvement of signal to noise ratio. The text covers recent CI techniques for post processing ECG signals in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and as well as various studies with a particular focus on CI's potential as a tool for gait diagnostics. In addition to its detailed accounts of the most recent research, Computational Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering provides useful applications and information on the benefits of applying computation intelligence techniques to improve medical diagnostics.

This new edition builds on the explosion of research on sustainable agriculture since the late 1980s. By separating myth from reality, Miguel Altieri extracts the key principles of sustainable agriculture and expounds on management systems that ?really work.? Providing case studies of sustainable rural development in developing countries, he goes b

Bayesian analyses have made important inroads in modern clinical research due, in part, to the incorporation of the traditional tools of noninformative priors as well as the modern innovations of adaptive randomization and predictive power. Presenting an introductory perspective to modern Bayesian procedures, Elementary Bayesian Biostatistics explores Bayesian principles and illustrates their application to healthcare research. Building on the basics of classic biostatistics and algebra, this easy-to-read book provides a clear overview of the subject. It focuses on the history and mathematical foundation of Bayesian procedures, before discussing their implementation in healthcare research from first principles. The author also elaborates on the current controversies between Bayesian and frequentist biostatisticians. The book concludes with recommendations for Bayesians to improve their standing in the clinical trials community. Calculus derivations are relegated to the appendices so as not to overly complicate the main text. As Bayesian methods gain more acceptance in healthcare, it is necessary for clinical scientists to understand Bayesian principles. Applying Bayesian analyses to modern healthcare research issues, this lucid introduction helps readers make the correct choices in the development of clinical research programs.

This seven-volume series is the most extensive treatise on early life histories of the freshwater fishes of North America. It represents the state-of-the-art in fishery biology and provides a systematic approach to the study of early life histories of all the fishes in this region. Each volume contains distinguishing characteristics and a pictorial guide to the families of fishes in the OR Drainage, followed by chapters on the families. This series fills a gap in the literature, providing information on the spawning habitat requirements, reproductive behavior, and ecological relationships during the first few months of life for most species. This fifth volume examines the family Centrarchidae.

Handbook of Nutrition and Diet in Palliative Care, Second Edition, is a comprehensive guide, providing exhaustive information on nutrition and diet in terminal and palliative care. It covers physical, cultural and ethical aspects, bridging the intellectual divide in being suitable for novices and experts alike. Following in the tradition of its predecessor, chapters contain practical methods, techniques, and guidelines along with a section on applications to other areas of palliative care. Each chapter features key facts highlighting important areas, summary points, and ethical issues. FEATURES * Use of cannabinoids in palliative nutrition care * Pain control in palliative care * Communications in palliative/end-of-life care: aspects of bad news * Anorexia in cancer: appetite, physiology, and beyond * Palliative care in severe and enduring eating disorders * Linking food supplementation and palliative care in HIV * Eating-related distress in terminally ill cancer patients and their family members * Palliative care of gastroparesis * Preoperative nutrition assessment and optimization in the cancer patient * Childhood leukemia, malnutrition, and mortality as components of palliative care * End-of-life decisions in persons with neurodevelopmental disorders * Resources: listing web sites, journals, books and organizations

Dr. Heuvelmans, the founder of Cryptozoology, or the science of unknown animals, was an enormously influential explorer and an industrious writer who changed the way in which we perceive natural history, the living world and evolution.

This book, approved by Dr. Heuvelmans before his death in 2001, contains key writings, the majority of which have never been published before, drawn from his work, an overview of the development of Cryptozoology, Dr. Heuvelman's thinking on the subject he invented, from the initial scepticism and even derision from the scientific community to an ultimate acceptance of most of his ideas.

'Readers will learn of some of the accounts of strange and unknown fauna revealed to the world from the ocean depths, in a methodical, concise, very well-researched, and easy-to-read format' Quarterly Review of Biology

By achieving a delicate balance between systems and practices, proper laboratory biosecurity reduces the risk of legitimate bioscience facilities becoming sources of pathogens and toxins for malicious use. Effective design and implementation of laboratory biosecurity depends on cooperation among individuals from diverse communities, including scientists, technicians, policy makers, security engineers, and law enforcement officials. Providing guidance to the broad international community, Laboratory Biosecurity Handbook addresses the objectives of biosecurity and the ways in which they overlap or conflict with those of biosafety. The book describes the risks of working with dangerous pathogens and toxins in the current era of international terrorism. The authors characterize the global spread of legitimate biotechnology and relate it to the rise of transnational terrorism, emphasizing the need for biosecurity measures even in legitimate bioscience. The book discusses biosecurity risk assessment-a practical methodology that allows laboratory management and biosafety/biosecurity officers to analyze and determine the level of risk, and serves as a basis for managing those risks. The book includes questionnaires that can assist the process of collecting data for a biosecurity vulnerability assessment, example standard operating procedures and memoranda of understanding, and other useful reference material. Addressing a variety of operating environments and the particular challenges they face when designing and implementing laboratory biosecurity, this book can assist bioscience facilities ranging from the large to the small, from those that focus on diagnosis or vaccine development, to those only minimally involved with infectious diseases. The detailed recommendations help avoid a "one-size-fits-all" approach to security and save limited resources. The book shows institutions how to develop and implement a biosecurity plan, and helps ensure that all components are included in the overall system, whether existing or new.

In the U.S. alone, severe food-related allergic reactions account for an estimated 30,000 emergency room visits and 150 deaths per year - unsettling statistics for food product developers and manufacturers who are charged with ensuring food safety and quality throughout the entire farm-to-table production chain. Providing the clear-cut information necessary to conduct an effective allergen risk analysis, Chemical and Biological Properties of Food Allergens comprehensively examines the chemical, analytical, technological, and medical aspects of food allergies and the growing problem of cross-contact contamination during product processing. With contributions from an international team of research specialists, the book explains the basic mechanisms of allergenic reactions in humans, the molecular background of these mechanisms, and the problems of food tolerance and intolerance. It also discusses the issues related to common treatments of food allergies and the narrow groups into which they are categorized. Covering the most important recognized allergens in the U.S. and the EU, this resource also explores cutting-edge technological and biotechnological ways to lower the immuno-reactive and allergenic properties of foods. Chemical and Biological Properties of Food Allergens evaluates the current research literature in a concise format - a must for food product developers and biochemists.

Unlike other books on the modeling and analysis of experimental data, Design and Analysis of Experiments: Classical and Regression Approaches with SAS not only covers classical experimental design theory, it also explores regression approaches. Capitalizing on the availability of cutting-edge software, the author uses both manual methods and SAS programs to carry out analyses. The book presents most of the different designs covered in a typical experimental design course. It discusses the requirements for good experimentation, the completely randomized design, the use of orthogonal contrast to test hypotheses, and the model adequacy check. With an emphasis on two-factor factorial experiments, the author analyzes repeated measures as well as fixed, random, and mixed effects models. He also describes designs with randomization restrictions, before delving into the special cases of the 2k and 3k factorial designs, including fractional replication and confounding. In addition, the book covers response surfaces, balanced incomplete block and hierarchical designs, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and MANOVA. Fortifying the theory and computations with practical exercises and supplemental material, this distinctive text provides a modern, comprehensive treatment of experimental design and analysis.

Thermodynamics in Bioenergetics aims to supply students with the knowledge and understanding of the critical concepts and theories that are needed in the biochemistry and bioenergetics fields. Biochemical reactions highlighting thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and enzymes are addressed in the text. Author, Jean-Louis Burgot, guides the reader through the starting points, strategy description, and theory results to facilitate their comprehension of the theories and examples being discussed in the book. Also discussed in the text are the notions of Gibbs energy, entropy, and exergonic and endergonic reactions.

Integrated Drug Discovery Technologies provides a global overview of emerging drug development technologies by presenting and integrating new techniques from the disciplines of chemistry, biology, and computational sciences. It combines integration of contemporary mechanization with strategies in drug delivery. Topics include: functional genomics, microfabrication techniqes, integrated proteomics technologies, high throughput screening, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy methods.

Serves as a comprehensive review to the substantial impact of gene amplification in molecular biology, genetic engineering and medical science. The book covers the mechanism of gene amplification, organization and structure of amplified genes.

A comprehensive guide for physicians conducting clinical research, this second edition addresses a broader research perspective. It includes information on the implications of the ICH Guidelines, current FDA regulations, and an Internet address directory. Everything the clinical trial manager, planner, monitor, and investigator need to know about the design, establishment, monitoring, and close-out of a trial is in this book. The chapters address the elements of clinical research, professional interactions, FDA regulations and good clinical practices guidelines, investigational agent management, designing a study and protocol development, conducting the study, and more.

Spanning every critical element of validation for any pharmaceutical, diagnostic, medical device or equipment, and biotech product, this Second Edition guides readers through each step in the correct execution of validating processes required for non-aseptic and aseptic pharmaceutical production. With 14 exclusive environmental performance evaluations, it features 64 new protocols on topics such as sterility assurance, media fill guidelines, and environmental control.

Ants have always fascinated the nature observer. Reports from ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia indicate that ants interested humans long ago. Myrmecology as a science had its beginning in the last century with great naturalists like Andre, Darwin, Emery, Escherich, Fabre, Fields, Forel, Janet, Karawaiew, McCook, Mayr, Smith, Wasmann and Wheeler. They studied ants as an interesting biological phenomenon, with little thought of the possible beneficial or detrimental effects ants could have on human activities (see Wheeler 1910 as an example). When Europeans began colonizing the New World, serious ant problems occurred. The first reports of pest ants came from Spanish and Portuguese officials of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Trinidad, The West Indies, Central America and South America. Leaf-cutting ants were blamed for making agricultural development almost impossible in many areas. These ants, Atta and Acromyrmex species, are undoubtedly the first ants identified as pests and may be considered to have initiated interest and research in applied myrmecology (Mariconi 1970).

Easily Use SAS to Produce Your Graphics Diagrams, plots, and other types of graphics are indispensable components in nearly all phases of statistical analysis, from the initial assessment of the data to the selection of appropriate statistical models to the diagnosis of the chosen models once they have been fitted to the data. Harnessing the full graphics capabilities of SAS, A Handbook of Statistical Graphics Using SAS ODS covers essential graphical methods needed in every statistician's toolkit. It explains how to implement the methods using SAS 9.4. The handbook shows how to use SAS to create many types of statistical graphics for exploring data and diagnosing fitted models. It uses SAS's newer ODS graphics throughout as this system offers a number of advantages, including ease of use, high quality of results, consistent appearance, and convenient semiautomatic graphs from the statistical procedures. Each chapter deals graphically with several sets of example data from a wide variety of areas, such as epidemiology, medicine, and psychology. These examples illustrate the use of graphic displays to give an overview of data, to suggest possible hypotheses for testing new data, and to interpret fitted statistical models. The SAS programs and data sets are available online.

This guide contains over 20,000 entries completely cross-indexed and quoted in context to provide readers with instant access to every noun, phrase, and concept used by the Drug Enforcement Administration and U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

To document the world's diversity of species and reconstruct the tree of life we need to undertake some simple but mountainous tasks. Most importantly, we need to tackle species rich groups. We need to collect, name, and classify them, and then position them on the tree of life. We need to do this systematically across all groups of organisms and because of the biodiversity crisis we need to do it quickly. With contributions from key systematic and taxonomic researchers, Reconstructing the Tree of Life: Taxonomy and Systematics of Species Rich Taxa outlines the core of the problem and explores strategies that bring us closer to its solution.

The editors split the book into three parts: introduction and general concepts, reconstructing and using the tree of life, and taxonomy and systematics of species rich groups (case studies). They introduce, with examples, the concept of species rich groups and discuss their importance in reconstructing the tree of life as well as their conservation and sustainable utilization in general. The book highlights how phylogenetic trees are becoming "supersized" to handle species rich groups and the methods that are being developed to deal with the computational complexity of such trees. It discusses factors that have lead some groups to speciate to a staggering degree and also provides case studies that highlight the problems and prospects of dealing with species rich groups in taxonomy.

To understand species rich taxa, evolution has set scientists a difficult, but not unattainable, challenge that requires the meshing together of phylogenetics and taxonomy, considerable advances in informatics, improved and increased collecting, training oftaxonomists, and significant financial support. This book provides the tools and methods needed to meet that challenge.

Semialgebraic Statistics and Latent Tree Models explains how to analyze statistical models with hidden (latent) variables. It takes a systematic, geometric approach to studying the semialgebraic structure of latent tree models. The first part of the book gives a general introduction to key concepts in algebraic statistics, focusing on methods that are helpful in the study of models with hidden variables. The author uses tensor geometry as a natural language to deal with multivariate probability distributions, develops new combinatorial tools to study models with hidden data, and describes the semialgebraic structure of statistical models. The second part illustrates important examples of tree models with hidden variables. The book discusses the underlying models and related combinatorial concepts of phylogenetic trees as well as the local and global geometry of latent tree models. It also extends previous results to Gaussian latent tree models. This book shows you how both combinatorics and algebraic geometry enable a better understanding of latent tree models. It contains many results on the geometry of the models, including a detailed analysis of identifiability and the defining polynomial constraints.

This book reviews more recent studies of antibiotics in Japan. It covers astromicin, application of cyclodextrin in the fermentative production process, production of Bialaphos from a Biochemical Engineering viewpoint, and acyl derivatives of tylosin produced by microbial transformation.

This book reviews more recent studies of antibiotics in Japan. It describes -lactams and other antimicrobial agents according to the following categories: parenteral cephems and related compounds, oral cephalosporins, penems and carbapenems, monobactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides.