This book presents the latest results related to shells characterize and design shells, plates, membranes and other thin-walled structures, a multidisciplinary approach from macro- to nanoscale is required which involves the classical disciplines of mechanical/civil/materials engineering (design, analysis, and properties) and physics/biology/medicine among others. The book contains contributions of a meeting of specialists (mechanical engineers, mathematicians, physicists and others) in such areas as classical and non-classical shell theories. New trends with respect to applications in mechanical, civil and aero-space engineering, as well as in new branches like medicine and biology are presented which demand improvements of the theoretical foundations of these theories and a deeper understanding of the material behavior used in such structures.

This practical manual represents a comprehensive, up-to-date compilation of useful chemical ecology techniques and references. Written from the viewpoint of the practitioner, this book and its companion volume on bioassays describe apparatus and methods, providing detailed discussions of the advantages and limitations of various techniques. Taken together, the volumes provide the information required to isolate and identify biologically active chemicals mediating inter- and intraspecific interactions between organisms from most of the major taxa. Methods in Chemical Ecology: Chemical Methods describes both macro- and microscale techniques, paying particular attention to the problems inherent in working with microscale samples. The book is arranged in a logical sequence, beginning with chapters on the initial extraction and purification of compounds, and progressing through methods used in identification of chemical structures, including both instrumental and microchemical methods. The book finishes with chapters on the separation of enantiomers, and the use of electrophysiological techniques. Coverage includes descriptions of both cutting-edge methods such as solid phase microextraction, and methods that have been in common use for a decade or more. With minimal use of technical jargon, this volume is designed as an indispensable reference manual for graduate students as well as experienced researchers. This volume will also serve as a valuable reference book for researchers in many related disciplines, including natural-products chemistry, ecology, botany/plant sciences, zoology, entomology, marine biology and ecology, and pharmacology.

This Study and Revision Guide provides the essential knowledge you will need to recap and revise for the exams. / Endorsed by Eduqas, offering high quality support you can trust. / Key terms are clearly defined and numerous diagrams explain each concept. / 'Quickfire' questions and 'Examiner Pointers' check your understanding as you progress through the course. / Plenty of practice questions, with teacher commentaries, enable you to see where mistakes are typically made and where extra marks can be gained. / 'Grade Boosts' help refine exam technique and improve performance. / Assessment Objectives are explained showing what examiners are looking for in responses to exam questions. / Also provides excellent study support throughout the course.

Please note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: OCR Level: A Level Year 1 and AS Subject: Biology First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017 Written by curriculum and specification experts, this Student Book supports and extends students through their course whilst delivering the breadth, depth, and skills needed to succeed at A Level and beyond.

The study of biology and politics examines the linkage between the life sciences (broadly defined) and politics. Among biological areas from which these linkages are drawn include: human ethology; socio-biology; ethology; genetics; evolutionary theory; neurosciences; biotechnology; and, bioethics amongst others. These knowledge arenas are used to illuminate policy choices (biopolicy), political behaviour, leadership behaviour, international politics, and political philosophy, amongst others. Topics covered by this volume include human nature in the theory and practice of modern international relations; decision-making under uncertainty; political culture and AIDS policy; and, emerging political leadership in young adults.

Endorsed by WJEC, this Study and Revision Guide offers you high quality support you can trust. Written by an experienced teacher and examiner, it provides essential underpinning knowledge to recap and revise as well as supporting the development of skills you need to correctly interpret and answer the new exam questions. / An exam practice and technique section offers advice on how exam questions are set and marked. / Plenty of practice questions are included with teacher commentaries. / Grade boost tips help refine exam technique, improve grades and avoid common mistakes. / Numerous diagrams clearly explain each concept. / Pointers focus on understanding and using the underpinning knowledge. / Key terms are clearly defined on each page. / Quickfire questions check and reinforce your understanding.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

This book brings together for the first time philosophers of biology to write about some of the most central concepts and issues in their field from the perspective of biology education. The chapters of the book cover a variety of topics ranging from traditional ones, such as biological explanation, biology and religion or biology and ethics, to contemporary ones, such as genomics, systems biology or evolutionary developmental biology. Each of the 30 chapters covers the respective philosophical literature in detail and makes specific suggestions for biology education.

The aim of this book is to inform biology educators, undergraduate and graduate students in biology and related fields, students in teacher training programs, and curriculum developers about the current state of discussion on the major topics in thephilosophy of biology and its implications for teaching biology. In addition, the book can be valuable to philosophers of biology as an introductory text in undergraduate and graduate courses.

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Exam Board: Salters Nuffield Level: A level Subject: Science / Biology First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017 An ActiveBook is included with every Student Book, giving your students easy online access to the content in the Student Book. They can make it their own with notes, highlights and links to their wider reading. Perfect for supporting revision activities. Student Book 1 supports a standalone AS course and provides the first year of a two-year A level course; Student Books 1and 2 together support the full A level course. A cumulative approach to learning constantly builds on what has previously been learnt. Each topic is introduced within a wider context. Concepts are revisited and developed in later topics. Integrated math sand stats support directs students to online maths resources. Thinking Bigger spreads require students to use knowledge in new contexts and think about connections and develop essential assessment skills throughout course. Real-life articles engage students with current biological writing and develop scientific literacy skills needed for A level and beyond. Checkpoints consolidate knowledge through summarizing tasks Practical activities provide opportunities for students to practise their skills and develop understanding of practical requirements. Material has been updated to reflect revisions, additions and deletions to changes in the subject content.

Masters Theses Listed by Discipline: Aerospace Engineering. Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering. Architechtural Engineering and Urban Planning. Astronomy. Astrophysics. Ceramic Engineering. Chemical Engineering. Chemistry and Biochemistry. Civil Engineering. Communications Engineering and Computer Science. Cryogenic Engineering. Electrical Engineering. Engineering Mechanics. Engineering Physics. Engineering Science. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution. General and Environmental Engineering. Geochemistry and Soil Science. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering. Geology and Earth Science. Geophysics. Industrial Engineering and Operations Research. Irrigation Engineering. Marine and Ocean Engineering. Materials Science and Engineering. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering. Metallurgy. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science. 17 additional disciplines. Index.

Water Worlds in the Solar System: In Search of Habitable Environments and Life is a comprehensive reference on the formation, availability, habitability potential, and astrobiological implications of water in the Solar System. The book provides understanding of the importance of water on Earth to elucidate potential water and biosignature sources on other bodies in the Solar System. It covers processes involved in the formation of Earth and its Moon, genesis of water on those bodies, events on early Earth, and other processes that are applicable to celestial bodies in the Solar System, directly correlating data available on water on other bodies to over 15 Earth analogue sites. This book forms a comprehensive overview on water in the Solar System, from formation to biosignature and habitability considerations. It is ideal for academics, researchers and students working in the field of planetary science, extraterrestrial water research and habitability potential.

Succeed in biology with LABORATORY MANUAL FOR NON-MAJORS BIOLOGY, 6E, International Edition! Through hands-on lab experience, this biology laboratory manual reinforces biology concepts to help you get a better grade. Exercises, pre-lab questions, and post-lab questions enhance your understanding and make lab assignments easy to complete and easy to comprehend.

Biologist and veteran science writer Leslie A. Mertz covers the past five years of advances in biology in this cutting-edge reference. Topics covered include biodiversity, ecosystem management and sustainable development, evolution, molecular biology, and genetics.

genetics. " It is simply the appropriation of that term, very likely with insufficient knowledge and respect for its past usage. For that, the Editor alone is responsible and requests tolerance. He has, as far as he can tell, no intention or desire to use it for any historiographical purposes other than that just mentioned. Even more important, the decision to consider Muller together with Fisher, Haldane and Wright is also not original. Crow (1984) has already done so, arguing persua sively that Muller was "keenly interested in evolution and made sub stantial contributions to the development of the neo-Darwinian view. " Crow's reasons for considering these four figures together and the reasons discussed above are complementary. This book continues a historiographical choice he initiated; others will have to judge whether it is appropriate. The foregoing considerations were intended to show why Fisher, Haldane, Muller and Wright should be considered together in the history of theoretical evolutionary genetics. I By a welcome stroke of luck, from the point of view of the Editor, all four of these figures were born almost together, between 1889 and 1892, and almost exactly a century ago. It therefore seemed appropriate to use their birth cente naries to consider their work together. A conference was held at Boston University, on March 6, 1990, under the auspices of the Boston Center for the Philosophy and History of Science, to discuss their work. This book has emerged mainly from that conference."

Today, ergot alkaloids have found widespread clinical use and more than 50 formulations contain natural or semisynthetic ergot alkaloids. They are used in the treatment of uterine atonia, postpartum bleeding, migraine, orthostatic circulatory disturbances, senile cerebral insufficiency, hypertension, hyp- prolactinemia, acromegaly, and Parkinsonism. Recently, new therapeutic - plications have emerged, e.g., against schizophrenia and for therapeutic usage based on newly discovered antibacterial and cytostatic effects, immunomodu- tory and hypolipemic activity.The broad physiological effects of ergot alkaloids are based mostly on their interactions with neurotransmitter receptors on the cells. The presence of "hidden structures'' resembling some important neu- humoral mediators (e.g., noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine) in the molecules of ergot alkaloids could explain their interactions with these receptors 1]. Ergot alkaloids are produced by the filamentous fungi of the genus, Claviceps (e.g., Claviceps purpurea - Ergot, Mutterkorn). On the industrial scale these alkaloids were produced mostly by parasitic cultivation (field production of the ergot) till the end of the 1970s. Today this uneconomic method has been - placed by submerged fermentation. Even after a century of research on ergot alkaloids the search still continues for new, more potent and more selective ergot alkaloid derivatives.

NOTE: You are purchasing a standalone product; MasteringBiology does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MasteringBiology search for ISBN-10: 0321918371/ISBN-13: 9780321918376. That package includes ISBN-10: 0321922212 /ISBN-13: 9780321922212 and ISBN-10: 0133923452/ISBN-13: 9780133923452 . For non-majors biology courses. Compelling and relatable stories engage students in learning biology Colleen Belk and Virginia Borden Maier have helped students understand biology for more than twenty years in the classroom and over ten years with their popular text, Biology: Science for Life. The thoroughly revised Fifth Edition engages students with new storylines that explore high-interest topics such as binge drinking, pseudoscience, and study drugs. The book and MasteringBiology resources also help students develop scientific skills using new Working With Data figure legend questions and addresses common misconceptions with Sounds Right, But Is It? discussions in each chapter. This edition also offers a wealth of new "Flipped Classroom" activities and other resources to help professors enliven their classes and to help students assess their understanding of biology outside of class. Also available with MasteringBiology (R) MasteringBiology is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment product proven to improve results by helping students quickly master concepts. Students benefit from self-paced tutorials that feature personalized wrong-answer feedback and hints that emulate the office-hour experience and help keep students on track. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities, students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts. New assignment options for the Fifth Edition include Interactive Storyline activities, Working with Data questions, Savvy Reader: Evaluating Media activities, and more.

Next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing has revolutionized biology and medicine. With sequencing cost continuously dropping and our ability to generate large datasets rising, data analysis becomes more important than ever. Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis walks readers through NGS data analysis step-by-step for a wide range of NGS applications. For each NGS application, this book covers topics from experimental design, sample processing, sequencing strategy formulation, to sequencing reads quality control, data preprocessing, reads mapping or assembly, and more advanced stages that are specific to each application. Major applications include: RNA-seq: both bulk and single-cell (separate chapters) Genotyping and variant discovery through whole genome/exome sequencing Clinical sequencing and detection of actionable variants De novo genome assembly ChIP-seq to map protein-DNA interactions Epigenomics through DNA methylation sequencing Metagenome sequencing for microbiome analysis Before detailing the analytic steps for each of these applications, the book presents introductory cellular and molecular biology as a refresher mostly for data scientists, the ins and outs of widely used NGS platforms, and an overview of computing needs for NGS data management and analysis. The book concludes with a chapter on the changing landscape of NGS technologies and data analytics. The second edition of this book builds on the well-received first edition by providing updates to each chapter. Two brand new chapters are added to meet rising data analysis demands on single-cell RNA-seq and clinical sequencing. The increasing use of long-reads sequencing has also been reflected in all NGS applications. This book discusses concepts and principles that underlie each analytic step, along with software tools for implementation. It highlights key features of the tools while omitting tedious details to provide an easy-to-follow guide for practitioners in life sciences, bioinformatics, biostatistics, and data science. Tools introduced in this book are open-source and freely available.

Since the publication in 1979 of Introduction to Analytical Electron Microscopy (ed. J. J. Hren, J. I. Goldstein, and D. C. Joy; Plenum Press), analytical electron microscopy has continued to evolve and mature both as a topic for fundamental scientific investigation and as a tool for inorganic and organic materials characterization. Significant strides have been made in our understanding of image formation, electron diffraction, and beam/specimen interactions, both in terms of the "physics of the processes" and their practical implementation in modern instruments. It is the intent of the editors and authors of the current text, Principles of Analytical Electron Microscopy, to bring together, in one concise and readily accessible volume, these recent advances in the subject. The text begins with a thorough discussion of fundamentals to lay a foundation for today's state-of-the-art microscopy. All currently important areas in analytical electron microscopy-including electron optics, electron beam/specimen interactions, image formation, x-ray microanalysis, energy-loss spectroscopy, electron diffraction and specimen effects-have been given thorough attention. To increase the utility of the volume to a broader cross section of the scientific community, the book's approach is, in general, more descriptive than mathematical. In some areas, however, mathematical concepts are dealt with in depth, increasing the appeal to those seeking a more rigorous treatment of the subject.

Biotechnology may be defined as the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services (Bullet al., 1982, p. 21) or as any technique that uses living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific use (OTC, 1988). In line with these broad definitions we can consider marine biotechnology as the use of marine organisms or their constituents for useful purposes in a controlled fashion. This series will explore a range of scientific advances in support of marine biotechnology. It will provide information on advances in three categories: (1) basic knowledge, (2) ap plied research and development, and (3) commercial and institutional issues. We hope the presentation of the topics will generate interest and interaction among readers in the academic world, government, and industry. This first volume examines chemical and biological properties of some natural products that are useful or potentially useful in research and in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. One chapter describes a system for producing such substances on a large scale. Biotechnology incorporates molecular biology in order to go beyond tradi tional biochemical technology such as the production of antibiotic drugs from bacterial cultures in bioreactors. Development of the technology for production of antibiotics in this way resulted from fundamental advances in chemistry, phar macology, microbiology, and biochemical engineering."

The essays collected in this volume represent, in a revised version, the pa- pers of the Wittgenstein Conference held in November 1989 at the Univer- sity ofRome 'La Sapienza' to celebrate the centenary ofhis birth. They offer a systematic account ofWittgenstein's philosophy ofmind and contribute to illuminate his later conception of perceptive, emotional and cognitive lan- guage. Some of the reasons why it seemed the right time to promote an am- pIe confrontation ofideas on Wittgenstein's mature perspective are sufficiently c1ear as they derive from the need to sum up the state of research based on the availability of the Nachlass and the publication in the last decade of a conspicuous quantity ofwritings dedicated to philosophical psychology; other reasons are more complex as they depend on the already noticed tendency in the recent epistemological debate to interpret Wittgenstein's provocative and controversial theses in a "perverse" way, in a way which has been used as a banner for epistemic relativism, subjectivism, and irrationalism. The intention of this collection of essays is to construct an image of Wittgenstein's thought, which is as faithful as possible to his philosophy of mind and language from both a theoretical and exegetical point of view. The book also strives to assess the continuity and internal coherence of the theses developed throughout the different phases of his research.

Nitrogen is the most limiting element for crop production. Traditionally, expensive commercial fertilizers are used to correct soil nitrogen deficiencies. Indeed, 50% of the increase in rice yields after World War II can be attributed to increased fertilizer nitrogen use. Although an increased rate of fertilizer nitrogen application has been advocated to meet the growing demand for food, it is unrealistic to advise the farmers to apply fertilizers they could hardly afford, and whose prices are likely to escalate in the years ahead. In addition, when they are not applied judiciously there are problems of environmental pollution as plants are capable of taking up only a relatively small portion of the applied nitrogen, a substantial amount being lost through various chemical and biological processes. The exploitation of cheaper alternatives or supplements to fertilizers have therefore gained much interest in recent years. Our increased interest in biological nitrogen fixation as a supplement or alternative to nitrogen fertilizers led to the convening of a consultants' meeting on The Role of Isotopes in Studies on Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrogen Cycling by Blue-Green Algae and the Azolla-Anabaena azollae Association', in Vienna from 11--15 October 1982. The consultants' group recommended that the Joint FAI/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture embark on a coordinated research programme in this field and that initial emphasis should be placed on Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis. As a result, such a programme was initiated in 1984, which was concluded in 1989. The results and conclusions reported here are those that were generated during the five years of its operation.