In this book, the problem of electron and hole transport is approached from the point of view that a coherent and consistent physical theory can be constructed for transport phenomena. Along the road readers will visit some exciting citadels in theoretical physics as the authors guide them through the strong and weak aspects of the various theoretical constructions. Our goal is to make clear the mutual coherence and to put each theoretical model in an appropriate perspective. The mere fact that so many partial solutions have been proposed to describe transport, be it in condensed matter, fluids, or gases, illustrates that we are entering a world of physics with a rich variety of phenomena. Theoretical physics always seeks to provide a unifying picture. By presenting this tour of many very inventive attempts to build such a picture, it is hoped that the reader will be inspired and encouraged to help find the unifying principle behind the many faces of transport.

Schedule-Based Dynamic Transit Modeling: Theory and Applications outlines the new schedule-based dynamic approach to mass transit modeling. In the last ten years the schedule-based dynamic approach has been developed and applied especially for operational planning. It allows time evolution of on-board loads and travel times for each run of each line to be obtained, and uses behavioral hypotheses strictly related to transit systems and user characteristics. It allows us to open new frontiers in transit modelling to support network design, timetable setting, investigation of congestion effects, as well as the assessment of new technologies introduction, such as information to users (ITS technologies).

The contributors and editors of the book are leading researchers in the field of transportation, and in this volume they build a solid foundation for developing still more sophisticated models. These future models of mass transit systems will continue to add higher levels of accuracy and sensitivity desired in forecasting the performance of public transport systems.

This book introduces readers to two major sustainable applications of linear synchronous machines: wave energy conversion and magnetic levitation train technology. To do so, it begins with a state-of-the-art review of linear machines, covering induction and synchronous topologies and their applications, with a particular focus on sustainable applications. This is followed by an analysis of the electromagnetic modeling of linear synchronous machines, the goal being to investigate their main features, especially their force production capabilities.

The response to the first three editions of Modern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective, from students, faculty, and practicing professionals has been overwhelmingly favorable. Therefore, this new edition preserves much of this successful content while adding important new components. It preserves the author's informal writing style that talks to the reader, that gains the readers' interest, and makes the study of compressible flow an enjoyable experience. Moreover, it blends the classical nature of the subject with modern aspects of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and high temperature gas dynamics so important to modern applications of compressible flow. In short, this book is a unique teaching and learning experience.

DRAG (from un modele de la Demande Routiere, des Accidents et leur Gravite) is a complex computer model that simulates accident propensities under detailed conditions. The DRAG approach constitutes the largest road accident modelling effort ever undertaken. Gaudry is the creator and developer of DRAG and this work explains its nature, purpose and value. Such a model, which explains accidents for a whole region, province or country, has advantages in answering many questions asked about accidents (such as the role of the economic cycle, weather, prices, insurance etc.) that other models fail to take fully into account.
DRAG research is underpinned by a fundamental theoretical innovation which sees a 3-level approach to analysing the determinants of the number of road victims in a given accident: Exposure (the distance travelled), Accident Frequency Risk and Accident Severity Risk (i.e. the number of victims of each type of accident). In applying flexible mathematical forms, the DRAG model also allows significant conceptual and empirical claims to be made about the importance of detecting responses that reverse themselves (to alcohol, and to other factors).
Under Gaudry's guidance, a family of DRAG-inspired models has grown up, based on their development for different countries and this book explores each national model in turn. As more countries seek to adopt the DRAG approach, this book serves as a timely, unique and valuable guide to the model.

Based on a long engineering experience, this book offers a comprehensive and state-of-the-art analysis of aerodynamic and flight mechanic entry topics. This updated edition had new chapters on Re-entry on Mars mission, flight quality, rarefied aerodynamics and re-entry accuracy. In addition, it provides a large set of application exercises and solutions.

In the last half-century, high-speed water transportation has developed rapidly. Novel high-performance marine vehicles, such as the air cushion vehicle (ACV), surface effect ship (SES), high-speed monohull craft (MHC), catamaran (CAT), hydrofoil craft (HYC), wave-piercing craft (WPC) and small water area twin hull craft (SWATH) have all developed as concepts, achieving varying degrees of commercial and military success. Prototype ACV and SES have achieved speeds of 100 knots in at calm con- tions; however, the normal cruising speed for commercial operations has remained around 35-50 knots. This is partly due to increased drag in an average coastal s- way where such craft operate services and partly due to limitations of the propulsion systems for such craft. Water jets and water propellers face limitations due to c- itation at high speed, for example. SWATH are designed for reduced motions in a seaway, but the hull form is not a low drag form suitable for high-speed operation. So that seems to lead to a problem - maintain water contact and either water propulsion systems run out of power or craft motions and speed loss are a problem in higher seastates. The only way to higher speed would appear to be to disconnect completely from the water surface. You, the reader, might respond with a question about racing hydroplanes, which manage speeds of above 200 kph. Yes, true, but the power-to-weight ratio is extremely high on such racing machines and not economic if translated into a useful commercial vessel.

While modern cities continue to grow and become more efficient in many sectors as their population increases, public transportation has not yet caught up. As a significant industry in contemporary society, further progress in transportation systems is more vital than ever. Engineering Tools and Solutions for Sustainable Transportation Planning is an informative reference source that outlines why current transportation systems have become inefficient in modern societies, and offers solutions for the improvement of transportation infrastructures. Highlighting key topics such as parking organization, car ownership, energy consumption, and highway performance, this is a detailed resource for all practitioners, academics, graduate students, and researchers that are interested in studying the latest trends and developments in the transportation sector.

This chapter has discussed how a commonbroadcast medium can be shared among many contending users. Multiple access protocols differ primarily by the amount of coordination needed to control potentially conflicting packet transmissions. Ato neextreme is random access where no coordinationis provideda ndp acket collisions arep ossible. Atthe other endo fthe spectrum, the class of fixed assignment access protocols eliminates collisions entirely butpay the price ofadditional overhead required forscheduling user access. Hybrid access protocolsb etweenthese two extremes exist While these protocols attempt to combine the advantages ofrandom andfixed access, they also suffer the c ombined drawbacks and overhead ofboth classes of access schemes. Amongt he many factors that determine the performance ofa n access protocol include the propagation delay/packet transmission timeratio, the message arrival process, the types of feedback information available, the user population, and the ability of the user to sense the activities in the network. BIBLIOGRAPHY [ABRA93] Abramson, N. , Multiple Access Communications , IEEE Press, 1993. [BERT92] Bertsekas, D. and Gallager, R. , Data Networks , Prentice Hall, 1992. [CHOU83]Chou,W, ComputerCommunications Volume1:Principles , Prentice Hall, 1983. [CIDO87] Cidon, I. andSidi, M. , "Erasures and Noise in Splitting Multiple Access Algorithms", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 33, No. 1, January 1987, pp. 132 - 140. [CIDO88] Cidon, I, Kodesh, H. and Sidi, M. , "Erasure, Capture and Random Power Level Selectionin Multiple Access Systems", IEEE Transactions on Communications , Vol. 3 6,N o. 3,March 1988, pp. 263 - 271.

The central premise of Design for Transport is that the designer's role is to approach design for transport from the point of view of the user. People have a collection of wants and needs and a significant proportion of them are to do with their requirements for mobility. The authors show how creative designers can take a user-focused approach for a wide range of types of transport products and systems. In so doing their starting point is one of creative dissatisfaction with what is currently available, and their specialist capability is in imagining and developing new solutions which respond to that opportunity. How this is tackled varies depending on the context, and the variety of solutions produced reflects the different aspirations and needs of the people they are designing for. The chapters cover user needs and transport, design and the transport system, transport design case studies, and the case for the automobile. A conclusion briefly signals what the future for transport design might be. Lavishly illustrated throughout in four-colour, Design for Transport, is an imaginative and rigorous guide to how designers can take a user-centred and socially responsible approach to tackling a range of types of transport, from systems to products and from bicycles to automobiles, demonstrating a rich array of solutions through case studies.

Economic growth, security and sustainability across Europe are at risk due to ageing railway infrastructure systems. At present, the majority of such systems are aging and some have even reached their initial design lives. These issues align with a major challenge in civil engineering: how to restore and improve urban infrastructure and built environments. Policy, environmental and physical barriers must be addressed and overcome. The complex and interconnected nature of the problem means that there is a need for academia, industry, communities and governments to work collaboratively. The challenges posed by extreme events from natural and man-made disasters are urgent. Rail Infrastructure Resilience: A Best-Practices Handbook presents developed improvement methods for rail infrastructure systems, toward resilience to extreme conditions. It shows how best to use new information in the engineering design, maintenance, construction and renewal of rail infrastructure resilience, through knowledge exchange and capability development. The book presents the outcome of a major European research project, known as the RISEN project. RISEN aimed to enhance knowledge creation and transfer using both international and intersectoral secondment mechanisms among European Advanced Rail Research Universities and SMEs, and Non-EU, leading rail universities, providing methodological approaches and practical tools for restoring and improving railway infrastructure systems for extreme events. Edited and written by members of this project, this book will be essential reading for researchers and practitioners hoping to find practical solutions to the challenges of rail infrastructure resilience.

This book analyzes how the governance of innovation can foster sustainability. The quest for innovation is consistently at the top of the agenda for policy makers around the globe, on the supra-national level, as well as for the nation states and all the way down to debates in local governance and policy boards. At the same time, sustainability is a core feature of this dialogue in creating, diffusing and using technologies and products so that human needs can be met, while unnecessary natural resources are not being used or destroyed.

Based on these premises and given the complexity of sustainable innovation, there is an ever growing recognition among policy makers, industries and analysts that the development and diffusion of technological innovations need governing in order to contribute to societal goals such as climate change mitigation and resource efficiency. Such governance does not necessarily mean orchestration, imposing regulation or other policy measures in a top-down manner. Governance can be facilitated through a number of means and by various actors and different levels. This book presents a view of governance that involves almost all types of actors related to any specific sector or field.

This book is about electric energy: its generation, its transmission from the point of generation to where it is required, and its transformation into required forms. To achieve this end, a number of devices are essential-such as generators, trans mission lines, transformers, and electric motors. We discuss the design, construc tion, and operating characteristics of the electric devices used in the transformation to and from electric energy. This text is designed to be used in a one-semester course in electric energy con version at the second-year level of the Bachelor of Engineering course. It is assumed that the student is familiar with the laws of thermodynamics and has taken a course in basic circuit analysis, including the application of phasors. We begin with a discussion of how humankind has successfully harnessed the energy of wind, water, the sun, biomass, animals, geothermal sources, fossils, and nuclear fission to make its life comfortable. Some of the consequences of this activity on the environment are examined. In Chapter 2, we review the basic physics of energy and its conversion. This may be, to some extent, a repetition of knowledge gained in high-school and first year university courses. However, we believe that such review is necessary to establish a suitable base from which to launch the subject of electric energy con version."

Le " Manuel d'epreuves et de criteres " contient des criteres, des methodes d'epreuve et des procedures qu'il convient d'appliquer pour classer les marchandises dangereuses conformement aux dispositions des " Recommandations des Nations Unies relatives au transport des marchandises dangereuses, Reglement type ", ainsi que les produits chimiques qui presentent des dangers physiques selon le " Systeme general harmonise de classification et d'etiquetage des produits chimiques, SGH ". Il complete donc egalement les reglements nationaux et internationaux qui ont ete etablis sur la base du Reglement type ou du SGH.

Two complete new chapters have been introduced. The first one, Chapter 16, amplifies the many rich interactions between Geographie Information Systems (GIS) and the Navstar CPS. The words and pietures in this new chapter foeus on the powerful eleetronie mapmaking techniques that rely on Navstar navigation together with the many benefits stemming from the full-eolored "layered" maps now being produeed. Chapter 17, which is also new, deals with Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (lVHS). Navstar navigation techniques form the hidden backbone of most of the new electronic teehnologies that are helping to make America's traffic f10w more smoothly. Chapter 17 c10ses with narrative descriptions of three interesting IVHS projects: emergency tow-truck dispatching, optimum ambulance-routing, and the in-car traffie reports now being beamed into family cars cruising along Ameriea's major traffic arteries. Many helpful individuals contributed toward the successful completion of Under- standing the Navstar. My lovely wife, Cyndy, was unquestionably the most beneficial contributor. Her affectionate comments and her broad-ranging support were greatly appreciated. So was her diligent and uncomplaining work in word-process- ing the many drafts of the final manuseript. The artists, Lloyd and lInka Wing and Anthony and Dianne Vega, were also enormously helpful in providing quality figures and tables on schedule. They have become true masters of the Macintosh computer with its many beils and whistles. Preparing a book for publication is a time-consuming, invigorating task. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed putting it together for your use.

Provides a thorough, updated guide to ungasketed bolted joints and their design Based around the latest ASME standards for bolted joints Covers use of the Finte Element Method for design analysis of bolted joints, with ANSYS examples Expands coverage of threads, internal/external thread interaction, and adjustment for design functions Examines the materials aspects of bolted joint design and behavior

This text provides a systematic guide describing practical approaches to planning, developing, and implementing successful ITS architectures in regional settings. Based on the principles and methods used to create developed US national ITS architecture, the authors provide readers with a solid understanding of each critical step involved in the regional ITS deployment process. The text also explores key ingredients that make up an effective ITS mission statement, how to choose the best ITS technologies for a specific application, the components involved in developing and appropriate logical and physical architecture.

With the twentieth century arrived the first electric tramcars in London. Thirty years later the first trolley buses arrived - along with a fleet of new trams that were the most modern of their day. This era was one of rapid change, rich in achievement adn personalities. Among the more colourful of the undertakings involved was London United, which introduced the first public service of electric tramcars in 1901 adn became one of the predecessors of the present London Transport. This is a study of this eventful period, relating the development of the tramway and trolleybus system to the changing social background. It contains a wealth of hitherto unpublished material, both factual and anecdotal, taken from contemporary newspaper and other accounts, and a remarkable collection of illustrations - 48 pages in all. It should be of interest not only to the transport enthusiast but also to the general reader interested in social history. This book was first published in 1971.