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Books > Language & Literature > Language & linguistics > Semantics (meaning) > General
This study looks to the work of Tarski's mentors Stanislaw
Lesniewski and Tadeusz Kotarbinski, and reconsiders all of the
major issues in Tarski scholarship in light of the conception of
Intuitionistic Formalism developed: semantics, truth, paradox,
logical consequence.
Recently there has been a growing interest among discourse analysts in incorporating the crucial element of prosody into the analysis of spoken language. These studies have tended to focus on specific aspects of prosody rather than presenting an over-all framework within which future analysis might continue. This volume establishes such a framework, and will consider the role of prosody in a variety of discourse genres. Using naturally occuring data, Wennerstrom demonstrates how the examination of prosody can enhance traditional analysis.
Carol Myers-Scotton has edited a collection of essays that covers
the choice of one style of English over another in everything from
Bible translations to "surprise in poetry" to supervisor-worker
interactions on the automobile assembly line. An important theme
developed to varying degrees in these papers is the notion that
speakers and writers, as rational actors, exploit the
unmarked-marked opposition regarding audience expectations so as to
convey messages of intentionality charged with social or
psychological import.
This book offers an examination of Cicero's speech, the "Pro
Balbo," which was delivered during a momentous period of Roman
history, in defence of a highly influential political advisor of
Caesar who was charged under the "lex Papia" for an illegal grant
of citizenship. The first detailed study of the speech, this study
analyzes the work according to the ancient rhetorical categories:
types of arguments ("inventio": ethos, pathos and logos), the
arrangement of these arguments ("dispositio"), and the use of style
("elocutio"). Kimberly Barber takes a thorough look at Cicero's
technique, providing an understanding of the speech and
illuminating the rhetorical issues raised by its legal context.
"Structural Ambiguity in English" is a major new scholarly work
that provides an innovative and accessible linguistic description
of those features of the language that can be exploited to generate
structural ambiguities.
Most ambiguity scholarship is concerned with "disambiguation"--the
process of making what is ambiguous clear. This book takes the
opposite approach as it focuses on describing the features in the
English language that may contribute towards the creation of
structural ambiguities, which form the core of some of the best
word-plays found in advertising, comedy and marketing.
Oaks utilizes a systematic and comprehensive inventory approach
that identifies individual elements in the language and their
distinctive behaviors that can be manipulated in the deliberate
creation of structural ambiguities. In doing so he also provides
authentic examples to illustrate the concepts he presents.
This book will appeal to researchers and academics interested in
the structure of the English language, usage, pragmatics,
communication, natural language processing, editing, and humor
studies as well as those in marketing, advertising, or humor
writing.
In this second edition of Steve Fuller's original work Philosophy,
Rhetoric, and the End of Knowledge: A New Beginning for Science and
Technology Studies, James Collier joins Fuller in developing an
updated and accessible version of Fuller's classic volume. The new
edition shifts focus slightly to balance the discussions of theory
and practice, and the writing style is oriented to advanced
students. It addresses the contemporary problems of knowledge to
develop the basis for a more publicly accountable science. The
resources of social epistemology are deployed to provide a positive
agenda of research, teaching, and political action designed to
bring out the best in both the ancient discipline of rhetoric and
the emerging field of science and technology studies (STS). The
authors reclaim and integrate STS and rhetoric to explore the
problems of knowledge as a social process--problems of increasing
public interest that extend beyond traditional disciplinary
resources. In so doing, the differences among disciplines must be
questioned (the exercise of STS) and the disciplinary boundaries
must be renegotiated (the exercise of rhetoric). This book
innovatively integrates a sophisticated theoretical approach to the
social processes of creating knowledge with a developing
pedagogical apparatus. The thought questions at the end of each
chapter, the postscript, and the appendix allow the reader to
actively engage the text in order to discuss and apply its
theoretical insights. Creating new standards for interdisciplinary
scholarship and communication, the authors bring numerous
disciplines into conversation in formulating a new kind of rhetoric
geared toward greater democratic participation in the
knowledge-making process. This volume is intended for students and
scholars in rhetoric of science, science studies, philosophy, and
communication, and will be of interest in English, sociology, and
knowledge management arenas as well.
Contents: Volume I : Foundational Issues Part A. Truth and Denotation 1. Gottlob Frege, 'On Sense and Reference', translated by Max Black, The Philosophical Review, 57, 1948, pp.207-230. (Originally published as 'Sinn und Bedeutung', in Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Philosophische Kritik, 100, 1892, pp. 25-50) 2. Bertrand Russell, 'On Denoting', Mind, 14, 1905, pp. 479-493 3. Peter F. Strawson, 'On Referring', Mind, 59, 1950, pp. 320-344 4. Rudolph Carnap, 'Extensions and Intensions', in Meaning and Necessity, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947), pp. 23-32 Part B. Semantics and Grammar 5. Jerrold Katz and Paul Postal, 'The Semantic Component', in An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Descriptions, (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1964), pp. 12-29 6. Richard Montague, 'Universal Grammar', Theoria, 36, 1970, pp. 373-398 7. David Lewis, 'General Semantics', Synthese, 22, 1970, pp. 18-67 8. Noam Chomsky, 'Deep Structure, Surface Structure and Semantic Interpretation', in Danny Steinberg and Leon Jakobovits, eds., Semantics. An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), pp. 183-216 9. George Lakoff, 'On Generative Semantics', in Danny Steinberg and Leon Jakobovits, eds., Semantics. An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), pp. 232-252 10. Richard Montague, 'The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English', in Jaako Hintikka, J. Moravcsik, and Patrick Suppes, eds., Approaches to Natural Languages Proceedings of the 1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics, (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1973), pp. 221-247 11. Barbara Partee, 'Some Transformational Extensions of Montague Grammar', Journal of Philosophical Logic, 2, 1973, pp. 509-534 12. Robert May, 'Logical Form as a Level of Linguistic Representation', in Logical Form: Its Structure and Derivation, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985), pp. 1-30 13. Richard Larson and Gabriel Segal, 'Knowledge of Meaning and Theories of Truth', in Knowledge of Meaning, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), pp. 25-42 14. Carlos Otero, 'Language, meaning and interpretation: Chomsky against the philosophers', 2002, pp. 1-26. (An adapted excerpt of a paper that is to appear elsewhere.) Volume II: Generalized Quantifiers and Scope 15. Jon Barwise and Robin Cooper, 'Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language', Linguistics and Philosophy, 4, 1981, pp.159-219 16. William Ladusaw, 'Semantic Constraints on the English Partitive Construction', in Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL), 1, (Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 1982), pp. 231-242 17. Johan Van Benthem, 'Determiners and Logic', Linguistics and Philosophy, 6, 1983, pp. 437-464 18. Franciska De Jong and Henk Verkuyl, 'Generalized Quantifiers: The Properness of their Strength', in Johan van Benthem, and Alice ter Meulen, eds., Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language, (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1984), pp. 21-43 19. Dag Westerståhl, 'Determiners and Context Sets', in Johan van Benthem, and Alice ter Meulen, eds., Generalized Quantifiers in Natural Language, (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1984), pp. 45-71 20. Barbara Partee, 'Noun Phrase Interpretation and Type Shifting Principles', in Jeroen Groenendijk, Dick de Jongh, and Martin Stockhof, eds., Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of Generalized Quantifiers, (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987), pp. 115?143 21. Johan Van Benthem, 'Polyadic Quantifiers', Linguistics and Philosophy, 12, 1989, pp. 437-464 22. Edward Keenan, 'Semantic Case Theory', in Jeroen Groenendijk, Martin Stokhof, and Frank Veltman, eds., Proceedings of the Sixth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1987), pp. 109-132 23. Gila Sher, 'Ways of Branching Quantifiers', Linguistics and Philosophy, 14, 1990, pp. 393-422 24. Donka Farkas, 'Quantifier Scope and Syntactic Islands', in Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistics Society (CLS), 7, 1981, pp. 59-66 25. Fengh-Hsi Liu, 'Scope Dependency' in Scope and Specificity, (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998), pp. 9-15 26. Dorit Ben-Shalom, 'Object Wide Scope and Semantic Trees', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 3, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1993), pp. 19?37 27. Anna Szabolcsi, 'Strategies for Scope Taking', in Ways of Scope Taking, (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997), pp. 109-154 Volume III : Noun Phrase Classes Part A. Indefiniteness and Definiteness 28. David Lewis>, 'Adverbs of Quantification', in Edward Keenan, ed., Formal Semantics of Natural Language, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), pp. 3-15 29. Lauri Karttunen, 'Discourse Referents', in James McCawley, ed., Syntax and Semantics, 7, (New York: Academic Press, 1976), pp. 363-385 30. Gary Milsark, 'Towards an Explanation of Certain Peculiarities in the Existential Construction in English', Linguistic Analysis, 3, 1977, pp. 1-29 31. Janet Fodor and Ivan Sag, 'Referential and Quantificational Indefinites', Linguistics and Philosophy, 5, 1982, pp. 355-398 32. Irene Heim, 'File Change Semantics and the Familiarity Theory of Definiteness', in Rainer Bäuerle, Christoph Schwarze, and Arnim von Stechow, eds., Meaning, Use and Interpretation of Language, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1983), pp. 164-189 33. Edward Keenan, A Semantic Definition of 'Indefinite NP', in Eric Reuland and Alice ter Meulen, eds., The Representation of (In)definiteness, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987), pp. 286-317 34. Alessandro Zucchi, 'Existential Sentences and Predication', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 601-621 35. Mürvet Enç, 'The Semantics of Specificity', Linguistic Inquiry, 22, 1991, pp. 1-25 36. Molly Diesing, 'Deriving Logical Representations: A Proposal', in Indefinites, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992), pp. 1-11 37. Veerle Van Geenhoven, 'Semantic Incorporation: A Uniform Semantics for West Greenlandic Noun Incorporation and West Germanic Bare Plural Configurations' in Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society(CLS), 31, 1995, pp. 171-186 38. Yoad Winter, 'Semantic Universals and Choice Function Theory', in Francis Corblin, Carmen Dobrovie-Sorin, and Jean-Marie Marandin, eds., Empirical Issues in Formal Syntax and Semantics, (The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics, 1999), pp. 59-73 Part B. Plurals and Mass Nouns 39. Greg Carlson, 'A Unified Analysis of the English Bare Plural', Linguistics and Philosophy, 1, 1977, pp. 413-456 40. Remko Scha, 'Distributive, Collective and Cumulative Quantification', in Jeroen Groenendijk, Theo Janssen, and Martin Stokhof, eds., Formal Methods in the Study of Language. Proceedings of the Third Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: Matematisch Centrum, 1981), pp. 483-512. 41. Godehard Link, 'The Logical Analysis of Plural and Mass Terms: A Lattice-Theoretical Approach', in Rainer Bäuerle, Christoph Schwarze, and Arnim von Stechow, eds., Meaning, Use and Interpretation of Language, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1983), pp. 302-323 42. Brendan Gillon, 'The Readings of Plural Noun Phrases in English', Linguistics and Philosophy, 10, 1987, pp. 199-219 43. Peter Lasersohn, 'On the Readings of Plural Noun Phrases', Linguistic Inquiry, 20, 1989, pp. 130-134 44. Roger Schwarzschild, 'Against Groups', in Martin Stokhof and Leen Torenvliet, eds., Proceedings of the Seventh Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1989), pp. 475-494 45. Almerindo Ojeda, 'On Conceptional Neuterality', in Linguistic Individuals, (Stanford: CSLI Publications, 1991), pp. 161-183 46. Gennaro Chierchia, 'Partitives, Reference to Kinds and Semantic Variation', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 4, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1997), pp. 73-98 Volume IV : The Semantics of Predicates and Inflection Part A. Events, Aspect, and Thematic Roles 47. Zeno Vendler, 'Verbs and Times', The Philosophical Review, 56, 1957, pp. 143-160 48. Terence Parsons, 'Underlying Events in the Logical Analysis of English', in Ernest LePore, ed., Actions and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of Donald Davidson, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985), pp. 235-267 49. Emmon Bach, 'The Algebra of Events', Linguistics and Philosophy, 9, 1986, pp. 5-16 50. Henk Verkuyl, 'Aspectual Asymmetry and Quantification', in Veronika Ehrich and Heinz Vater, eds., temporalsemantik, (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1988), pp. 220-259 51. James Pustejovsky, 'The Geometry of Events', in Carol Tenny, ed., Studies in Generative Approaches to Aspect. MIT Lexicon Project Working Papers 24, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, Center for Cognitive Science, 1988), pp. 19-39 52. Greg Carlson, 'Thematic Roles and their Role in Linguistic Theory', Linguistics, 22, 1984, pp. 259-279 53. Malka Rappaport and Beth Levin, 'What to Do with Theta-Roles', in Wendy Wilkins, ed., Syntax and Semantics 21, Thematic Relations, (New York: Academic Press, 1988), pp. 7-36 54. David Dowty, 'Thematic Proto?Roles and Argument Selection', Language, 67, 1991, § 4-8, pp. 560-582 Part B. Tense and Modality 55. Hans Reichenbach, 'The Tenses of Verbs', in Elements of Symbolic Logic, (New York: The MacMillan Co., 1947), pp. 287-298 56. David Dowty, 'The Effects of Aspectual Class on the Temporal Structure of Discourse: Semantics or Pragmatics?', Linguistics and Philosophy, 9, 1986, pp. 37-62 57. Mürvet Enç, 'Anchoring Conditions for Tense', Linguistic Inquiry, 18, 1987, pp. 633-657 58. Dorit Abusch, 'Sequence of Tense, Intensionality and Scope', in Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL), 7, 1988, pp. 1-14 59. Mark Moens and Mark Steedman, 'Temporal Ontology in Natural Language', in Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 1987, Stanford University, pp. 1-7 60. Dorit Abusch, 'The Present under Past as De Re Interpretation', in Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL), 10, 1991, pp. 1-12 61. Toshiyuki Ogihara, 'Adverbs of Quantification and Sequence of Tense Phenomena', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 4, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1994), pp. 251-267 62. Henriëtte De Swart, 'Quantification over Time', in Jaap van der Does and Jan van Eijck, eds., Quantifiers, Logic, and Language, (Stanford, CA.: CSLI Publications, 1996), pp. 311-336 63. Angelika Kratzer, 'The Notional Category of Modality', in Hans-Jürgen Eikmeyer and Hannes Rieser, eds., Words, Worlds and Context, (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1981), pp. 38-74 64. Donka Farkas, 'On the Semantics of Subjunctive Complements', in Paul Hirschbueler and Konrad Koerner, eds., Romance Languages and Modern Linguistic Theory, (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1992), pp. 69-104 65. Paul Portner, 'Modal Discourse Referents and the Semantics of the Mood Phrase', in University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics, 3, 1995, pp. 224-255 Volume V: Operators and Sentence Types Part A. Adjectives, Degrees, and Comparatives 66. Hans Kamp, 'Two Theories about Adjectives', in Edward Keenan, ed., Formal Semantics of Natural Language, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975), pp.123-155 67. Max J. Cresswell, 'The Semantics of Degree', in Barbara Partee, ed., Montague Grammar, (New York: Academic Press, 1976), pp. 261-292 68. Jean-Yves Lerner and Manfred Pinkal, 'Comparatives and Nested Quantification', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 329-345 69. Christopher Kennedy, 'Comparison and Polar Opposition', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 5, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1997), pp. 240-257 Part B. Negation and Negative Polarity Items 70. Gilles Fauconnier, 'Polarity and the Scale Principle', in Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistics Society, 11, 1975, pp.188-199 71. Jack Hoeksema, 'Monotonicity Phenomena in Natural Language', Linguistic Analysis, 16, 1986, pp.25-40 72. Nirit Kadmon and Fred Landman, 'Polarity Sensitive Any and Free Choice Any', in Martin Stokhof and Leen Torenvliet, eds., Proceedings of the Seventh Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1989), pp. 227-252 73. Frans Zwarts, 'Nonveridical Contexts', Linguistic Analysis, 25, 1995, pp. 286-312 74. William Ladusaw, 'Configurational Expression of Negation', in Jaap van der Does and Jan van Eijck, eds., Quantifiers, Logic, and Language, (Stanford, CA.: CSLI Publications, 1996), pp. 203-223 Part C. Questions 75. Lauri Karttunen, 'Syntax and Semantics of Questions', Linguistics and Philosophy, 1, 1977, pp. 3-44 76. James Higginbotham and Robert May, 'Questions, Quantifiers and Crossing', The Linguistic Review, 1, 1981, pp. 41-79 77. Jeroen Groenendijk and Martin Stokhof, 'On the Semantics of Questions and the Pragmatics of Answers', in Fred Landman and Frank Veltman, eds., Varieties of Formal Semantics, (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1984), pp. 143-170 78. Stephen Berman, 'Towards the Semantics of Open Sentences: Wh Phrases and Indefinites', in Martin Stokhof and Leen Torenvliet, eds., Proceedings of the Seventh Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1989), pp. 53-77 79. Utpal Lahiri, 'Questions, Answers and Selection', in Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society(NELS), 21, 1991, pp. 233-246 80. Jonathan Ginzburg, 'A Quasi-Naive Semantics for Interrogatives and its Implications', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 197-212 81. Veneeta Dayal, 'Two Types of Universal Terms in Questions', in Proceedings of the North East Linguistic Society(NELS), 22, 1992, pp. 443-457 82. James Higginbotham, 'Interrogatives', in Ken Hale and Samuel J. Keyser, eds., The View from Building 20, (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1993), pp. 195-227 83. Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach, 'Interrogatives and Polyadic Quantification', in Nelia Scott, ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on Questions, (Liverpool: University of Liverpool, 1999), pp. 1-14 Volume VI: Discourse and Dynamics Part A. Topic and Focus 84. Barbara Partee, 'Topic, Focus and Quantification', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory(SALT), 1, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1991), pp. 159-187 85. Manfred Krifka, 'A Compositional Semantics for Multiple Foci', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory(SALT), 1, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1991), pp. 127-158 86. Sjaak De Mey, 'Generalized Quantifier Theory and the Semantics of Focus', in Jaap van der Does and Jan van Eijck, eds., Quantifiers, Logic, and Language, (Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 1996), pp. 269-279 87. Daniel Büring, 'Topic', in Peter Bosch and Rob van der Sandt, eds., Focus. Linguistic, Cognitive, and Computational Perspectives, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 142-165 Part B. Pronouns and Anaphora 88. Peter Geach, 'Pronominal Reference: Relative Pronouns', in Reference and Generality, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1962), pp. 108-132 89. Gareth Evans, 'Pronouns', Linguistic Inquiry, 11, 1980, pp. 337-362 90. Hans Kamp, 'A Theory of Truth and Semantic Representation', in Jeroen Groenendijk, Theo Janssen, and Martin Stokhof, eds., Formal Methods in the Study of Language. Proceedings of the Third Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: Matematisch Centrum, 1981), pp. 1-41 91. Craige Roberts, 'Modal Subordination and Pronominal Anaphora in Discourse', Linguistics and Philosophy,12, 1989, pp. 683-722 92. Paul Dekker, 'Existential Disclosure', Linguistics and Philosophy, 16, 1993, pp. 561-587 93. Gennaro Chierchia, 'Dynamic Binding', in Dynamics of Meaning, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), pp. 62-84 94. Jeroen Groenendijk, Martin Stokhof and Frank Veltman, 'Coreference and Contextually Restricted Quantification', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 5, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1995), pp. 112-129 95. Chris Barker, 'A Presuppositional Account of Proportional Ambiguity', in Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), 3, (Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications, Cornell University, 1993), pp. 1-18 Part C. The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface 96. Robert Stalnaker, 'Assertion', in Peter Cole, ed., Syntax and Semantics, 9, (New York, Academic Press, 1978), pp. 315-332 97. David Lewis, 'Scorekeeping in a Language Game', in Rainer Bäuerle, Urs Egli, and Arnim von Stechow, eds., Semantics from Different Points of View, (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1979), pp. 172-187 98. Enric Vallduvi, 'A Theory of Informatics', in The Informational Component, PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1990, (Ann Arbor, MI: Garland Publishing Co., 1992), pp. 201-218 99. Kai Von Fintel, 'The Context-Dependency of Quantifiers', in Restrictions on Quantifier Domains, PhD diss., University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 1995, pp. 27-36 100. Dov Gabbay and Ruth Kempson, 'Natural-Language Content: A Proof-Theoretic Perspective. A Preliminary Report', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1991), pp. 173-195 101. Nicholas Asher, 'Mathematical Treatments of Discourse Contexts', in Paul Dekker and Martin Stokhof, eds., Proceedings of the Tenth Amsterdam Colloquium, (Amsterdam: ILLC, University of Amsterdam, 1995), pp. 21-40
Plurality, Conjunction and Events presents a novel theory of plural
and conjoined phrases, in an event-based semantic framework. It
begins by reviewing options for treating the alternation between
`collective' and `distributive' readings of sentences containing
plural or conjoined noun phrases, including analyses from both the
modern and the premodern literature. It is argued that plural and
conjoined noun phrases are unambiguously group-denoting, and that
the collective/distributive distinction therefore must be located
in the predicates with which these noun phrases combine. More
specifically, predicates must have a hidden argument place for
events; the collective/distributive distinction may then be
represented in the part/whole structure of these events. This
allows a natural treatment of `collectivizing' adverbial
expressions, and of `pluractional' affixes; it also allows a
unified semantics for conjunction, in which conjoined sentences and
predicates denote groups of events, much like conjoined noun
phrases denote groups of individuals.
Ten leading scholars provide exacting research results and a
reliable and accessible introduction to the new field of optimality
theoretic pragmatics. The book includes a general introduction that
overviews the foundations of this new research paradigm. The book
is intended to satisfy the needs of students and professional
researchers interested in pragmatics and optimality theory, and
will be of particular interest to those exploring the interfaces of
formal pragmatics with grammar, semantics, philosophy of language,
information theory and cognitive psychology.
Concepts of Meaning includes contributions from well-known
philosophers of language and semanticists. It is a useful
collection for students in philosophy of language, semantics and
epistemology. This work discusses new research in semantics, theory
of truth, philosophy of language and theory of communication from a
trans-disciplinary perspective.
An integrated theory of linguistic behavior should provide a
framework to make behavior intelligible. This work addresses issues
such as sentence meaning, utterance meaning, speaker's intention
and reference, linguistic context, circumstances and background
theories. Readers will learn that interpretation is a result of a
complex pattern.
This book presents a comprehensive portrait of the "Kit b S
bawayhi." It offers new insights into its historical and linguistic
arguments and underlines their strong correlation. The decisive
historical argument highlights al- ra s role, not only as the
centre of pre-Islamic Arabic culture, but also as the matrix within
which early Arab linguistics grew and developed. The "Kit b" s
value as a communicative grammar forms the crux of the linguistic
argument. The complementarity of syntax and pragmatics is
established as a condition "sine qua non" for S bawayhi s analysis
of language. The benefits of a complementary approach are reflected
in the analysis of nominal sentences and related notions of "ibtid
" and definiteness. The pragmatic principle of identifiability is
uncovered as the ultimate determiner of word order.
Brummett explores the ways people use three key terms-reality,
representation, and simulation-as rhetorical devices with political
and social effect. Human perception, language, and aesthetics
experiences are the bases for the fluidity among these terms. Each
term's rhetoric is illustrated in an analysis of texts in popular
culture: William Gibson's novels, the usenet group rec.motorcycles,
and the film Groundhog Day. Brummett explores the ways people use
three key terms-reality, representation, and simulation-as
rhetorical devices with political and social effect. People write
and speak as if there were such things as reality, representation,
and simulation. People treat the terms as if they were clearly
referential and as if those referents were clearly distinct. But
what kind of political, social work do people do when they write
and speak in those terms? What kind of claim is being made, or
accusation leveled when such a term is used? How do the dimensions
and parameters of meaning facilitated by each term work in the
management and distribution of power? These are questions of
rhetoric, the manipulation of signs and symbols for influence and
effect. Brummett illustates the rhetoric of reality in a critical
analysis of William Gibson's science fiction novels. The rhetoric
of representation is shown in discusions on the usenet group
rec.motorcyles. The rhetoric of simulation is explained through the
film Groundhog Day. Of particular interest to scholars, students,
and researchers involved with rhetoric and popular culture, media,
communication, and technology, and the literature of science and
science fiction.
The Second Edition of The Grammar of Discourse critically evaluates
and updates Robert E. Longacre's ambitious work dedicated to the
thesis that language is language only in context, and that
context's natural role in the resolution of sentence ambiguities
has been overlooked for too long by linguists. This new edition
advances even further the discourse revolution' which Longacre
predicted in the First Edition would come in response to the demand
for greater explanatory power through context. The most cogent
application of this, one which makes the book unique among
linguistics texts, is the author's exhaustive investigation into
the interface of the morphosyntax of a language with its textual
structures. This expanded volume builds upon its predecessor's
major points, with new chapters increasing the coverage of
paragraph and clause structure-the latter being handled in a new
chapter which solves a problem posed in the original edition: how
holistic concerns of structure, especially the recognition of
different strands of information, relate to the constituent
structure of discourse. The insights contained in this chapter
create an opportunity to tie in current discussions of
transitivity, ergativity, the antipassive, agency hierarchy,
order-preserving transformations, and word-order concerns into the
structure of discourse.Other noteworthy features of the Second
Edition include: The integration of information salience, local
dominance, and paragraph type to answer the question What makes a
discourse followable ?' -A study of dialogue relations-The
formalization of the interrelations of tagmeme and syntagmeme, and
of the varieties of exponence on the various levels of
hierarchy-Theuse of an expanded and enriched statement calculus to
better pinpoint logical relations between predications-The use of a
similarly enriched predicate calculus to present case frames-A
stepped diagram presentation of paragraph level analyses. With
material tested in classes at the University of Texas, Arlington,
this influential work merits serious consideration as a text for
first-year graduate courses in linguistics.
This collection of research offers an initial step in the pursuit
of an appliable linguistics. Appliable Linguistics takes everyday
real-life language-related problems both theoretical and practical
in diverse social, professional and academic contexts as its
starting point. It then uses and contributes to a theoretical model
of language that can respond to and is appliable in the context.
The concept of appliable linguistics used in this volume is
informed by the work of M.A.K. Halliday, who believes that "the
value of a theory lies in the use that can be made of it." The
chapters in this volume thus use and contribute to an appliable
linguistics that engages with a range of issues including:
translation, education, language teaching/learning, multimodality,
media, social policy and action, and positive discourse analysis.
This collection of research is offered as an initial step in the
pursuit of Appliable Linguistics, which we hope will serve as a
foundation for future work across the discipline.
Kuypers, King, and their contributors explore the conception of
rhetoric of eleven key American rhetoricians through analyses of
their life's work. Each chapter provides a sense of that scholar's
conception of rhetoric, be it through criticism, theory, or
teaching. The communication discipline often highlights the work of
others outside the discipline; however, it rarely acclaims the work
of its own critics, teachers, and theorists. In this collection,
the essays explore the innate mode of perception that guided the
rhetorical understanding of the early critics. In so doing, this
work dispels the myth that the discipline of Speech Communication
was spawned from a monolithic and rigid center that came to be
called neo-Aristotelianism. Scholars and researchers involved with
the history of rhetoric, rhetorical criticism and theory, and
American public address uill find this title to be a necessary
addition to their collection.
The Modernist movement in literature had revolutionary aspirations
and pioneered new possibilities of literary expression. One of its
major projects was to question the nature of selfhood and to
rewrite personal experience in terms of fragmentation, conflict and
discontinuity. English literary Modernism, in particular, broke
down the assumption that self-experience is unitary and
coherent.;This book represents an exploration of the ways in which
key modern writers challenged conventional ways of characterizing
selfhood and, whether by poetic montage or stream-of-consciousness
writing, developed a discourse expressive of the subtleties of
experience in a post-Freudian world. It is argued that modernist
texts were involved in self-representation long before
post-structuralist or post-modernist theories were applied.
This book is the first extensive study on French Quantification
in the field of Syntax. It provides a typology of four main
quantified noun phrases in French (existential, universal, negative
and "wh-"), detailing their syntactic, semantic and prosodic
behaviors and showing that they can be reduced to two classes
Split-DP structures or Floating quantification.
Relying on syntax and semantics, the book establishes a
three-way structural typology of "wh" in-situ phrases and extends
it to existentials. It pays special attention to the prosodic
properties associated with their different readings and proposes an
analysis of the distribution of subextraction and pied-piping.
Similarly based on semantic and syntactic tests, the book reveals
N(egative) words to be universal Quantifiers. It proposes a new
structure of N-words in terms of constituent negation and includes
a detailed analysis of the difference between "not an N" and "not
all the N" in French.
"
How do democratic and pluralistic societies cope with traumatic
events in their past? What strategies and taboos are employed to
reconstruct wars, revolutions, torturing, mass killings and
genocide in a way to make their contradiction to basic human rights
and values invisible? This interdisciplinary volume analyzes in
detail for the first time, in multiple genres, the history and
image of the "German "Wehrmacht"" and the debates in Austria and
Germany surrounding two highly contested exhibitions about the war
crimes of the German "Wehrmacht" during WWII.
Over the last decade, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has accrued an exceptional amount of attention across a wide number of academic disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. In almost every field of human activity, we are surrounded by and caught up in a network of texts and discourses. At the same time, a gradual enfranchising of individuals in Western societies tends to make us less inclined to accept those surrounding texts and discourses unquestioningly. It is these twin factors that underpin all studies that appear under the aegis of CDA. This unique, multidisciplinary collection gathers together the most influential writings adopting a CDA approach, along with the most important antecedent essays and articles from the earlier Twentieth Century. The articles that make up this collection are drawn from a wide range of journal sources, including articles critical of the CDA approach as well as those that illustrate applications of its principles and methods. A detailed index and new introduction by the editor will help the reader navigate this wealth of diverse material.
Representing current theory and research in rhetoric, this volume
brings together scholarship from a variety of
orientations--theoretical, critical, historical, and pedagogical.
Some contributions cover work that has previously been silenced or
unrecognized, including Native American, African American, Latino,
and women's rhetorics. Others explore rhetoric's relationship to
performance and to the body, or to revising canons, stases, topoi,
and pisteis. Still others are reworking the rhetorical lexicon to
comprise contemporary theory. Among these diverse interests,
rhetoricians find common themes and share intellectual and
pedagogical enterprises that hold them together even as their
institutional situations keep them apart.
Topics discussed in this collection include:
*Rhetoric as figurality; comparative and contrastive rhetorics;
rhetoric and gender; and rhetorics of science and technology;
*Rhetoric and reconceptions of the public sphere; rhetoric and
public memory; and rhetorics of globalization and social change,
including issues of race, ethnicity, and nationalism;
*Rhetoric's institutionalized place in the academy, in relation to
other humanities and to the interpretive social sciences; and
*The place of rhetoric in the formation of departments and the
development of pedagogy
With its origins in the 2000 Rhetoric Society of America (RSA)
conference, this volume represents the range and vitality of
current scholarship in rhetoric. The conversations contained herein
indicate that professing rhetoric is, at the turn of the
millennium, an intellectual activity that engages with and helps
formulate the most important public and scholarly questions of
today. As such, it will be engaging reading for scholars and
students, and is certain to provoke further thought, discussion,
and exploration.
At a superficial examination, English has different types of
nominals with similar meaning and distribution: (1)a. John's
performance ofthe song b. J ohn' s performing of the song c. John's
performing the song d. the fact that John performs the song These
nominals are also perceived by English speakers to be related to
the same sentential construction: (2) John performs the song A more
accurate inspection reveals, however, that the nominals in (1)
differ both in their distribution and in the range of
interpretations they allow. An adequate theory of nominalization
should explicate rigorously how nominals of the types in (1) are
related to sentential construction (2), and should also account for
their distributional differences and meaning differences. The task
of this book is to develop such a theory. I defend two main theses.
The first is that, in order to provide an adequate semantics for
the nominals in (1), one needs to distinguish among three types of
entities in the domain of discourse (in addition to the type of
ordinary individuals): events, propositions, and states xiii XIV
PREFACE of affairs. I argue that the nominals in (1) differ in
their ability to denote entities of these types and that predicates
differ in their ability to select for them.
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