Sixth in the annual series, this volume examines the major trends in armed conflicts in South Asia during 2011, efforts towards conflict management undertaken by the State and their effectiveness, as also the road ahead. While focusing on the burning issues within the region, the volume looks into two important aspects of the conflict situation: conflict alert and peace audit. In providing critical policy recommendations to the State, the former anticipates early warning regarding an impending conflict and its potential transformation. The latter assesses the status of ceasefires and peace processes adopted by the respective countries. The volume highlights the causes of armed conflicts in South Asia so as to facilitate concrete peace processes. In addition to essays addressing armed conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Myanmar, it includes a special section entitled 'Peace Audit'. This segment reviews and evaluates specific peace efforts undertaken in Jammu and Kashmir, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Northeast India, measures their successes and failures, and discusses the lessons that may be learnt from them. Further, it studies the nature of these peace processes, their effectiveness and the dangers of conflict relapse.

In case studies and comparative analysis of Canada, the United States, France, Switzerland, and Belgium, a distinguished international group of scholars looks at how and why provinces, states, cantons, and large municipalities increasingly seek access to foreign sources of wealth and technological information. The first book to explore the subject, this new study examines the effects of these initiatives on the traditional conduct of foreign policy and foreign trade and the implications of the continued "perforation" of national boundaries already subject to an unprecedented flow of foreign products, cultural influences, and visitors, as well as environmental pollution from abroad.

This work is a doctrinal examination of war termination strategy and conflict resolution as a dependent pair, requiring a plan to achieve both in unison in advance of a fight. The necessity of a plan for conflict resolution should be intuitively obvious for policymakers, yet a survey of recent conflicts, including Afghanistan and Iraq, shows that not to be the case. Beyond Guns and Steel: A War Termination Strategy provides a practical approach to establishing a plan for war termination and conflict resolution before the bullets fly. In explaining the difference between strategy and policy, Colonel Dominic J. Caraccilo clarifies the most important, and often the most constraining, element of a nation's power-its resources. He posits that termination strategy and conflict resolution are interdependent and need to be included in conflict plans from the outset. Caraccilo's book fills a void in current strategy for the development of long-term plans that bring conflicts to timely and acceptable conclusions, providing a methodology that allows interagency requirements and resources for war termination to be defined, allocated, and employed effectively. Examples taken from the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, along with models of war termination successes and failures to enhance the understanding of scenarios for possible resolution A full array of definitions offering clarity for the reader seeking to grasp the book's methodology for war termination Primary source documentation related to the author's seven combat deployments to the Middle East and over five years of personal involvement in combat and its aftermath. Vignettes from history dating from the Revolutionary War to the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq Sidebars offering relevant charts, graphs, and newspaper articles Examples of conflict resolution to enhance an understanding of war termination outcomes Firsthand accounts from various military officers in the form of Staff College manuscripts A robust listing of books, interviews, documents, and articles on war termination and conflict resolution theories

Following the Rio Agreement in 1967, the birth of the Special Drawing Right (SDR) was widely heralded as the first step towards a world international money. The SDR's intended purpose, though, was more modest: to help salvage the prevailing international monetary system which had evolved since Bretton Woods. This volume examines the relatively recent and important history of SDRs - what they are, where they came from, and why they are significant. It considers the changing roles and influences of the US and the IMF as post-Bretton Woods monetary arrangements established themselves. Despite their retreat from early acclaim, work continued, particularly at the Fund, on enhancing the potential of SDRs to contribute to international monetary stability and SDRs have recently re-emerged as a potential source of support and stability for the international monetary system underpinning the world economy. The SDR, and the debate surrounding it, is an excellent prism through which to examine other important themes in contemporary international political economy, including international liquidity provision and international monetary reform. Ultimately, the policies of the US, the Fund, and the changing nature of the relationship between them emerge as fundamental themes for an understanding of prospects for SDRs under post-Bretton Woods international monetary arrangements. Today, the promise and disappointment that has characterized the short history of SDRs is more important than ever as the world again examines these arrangements in the wake of the international financial crisis.

Since the third edition was published in 1996, there have been significant developments in this key strategic and economic relationship. Kryzanek builds on the text and themes of previous editions and further examines the ties between the United States and the nations of Latin America. These ties reveal new opportunities, challenges, and tensions. During the second term of President Bill Clinton and now in the Bush presidency, hemispheric relations have been centered on issues of trade, investment, and resource development. The impact of globalization on the region was only beginning to be felt when the third edition of the text went to print, but now it is clear that the rules and demands of a globalized economy have changed the face of Latin America. Numerous areas of public policy that are critical ingredients to the national interests of both the United States and Latin America, such as immigration, drug smuggling, gang violence, leftist revolution, cultural transformations, and regional security continue to test the relationships between the United States and Latin American governments. Because this text has in the past concentrated on the foreign policy process within the United States government, the proposed new edition will not only update this process but add discussion of new participants in the shaping and implementation of policies toward Latin America. For example, there will be an accent on the growing role of Hispanics within the United States in pressuring for changes in United States policy in a number of areas. Institutionally, there will be new discussion of the role that the Department of Homeland Security plays in United States-Latin American relations, particularly with respect to border and anti-terrorism issues. Key chapters will be reformulated in order to show how the United States makes policy toward Latin America and how the Latin Americans respond to policy initiatives. Presenting how policy is made toward the region is an essential pathway toward understanding how this relationship has evolved and why there have been both successes and failures between the United States and the countries of Latin America.

An examination of the political participation of the six member states of the Gulf Co-operation Council: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Saudi Arabia paying particular attention to the popular demands within these countries for individual representation and the subsequent consequences of the establishment of national councils in response. The results of these actions have been mixed; in Kuwait and Bahrain the elected national assemblies have been suspended although the consultative councils in Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman have afforded some measure of success. It concludes that despite their limitations, the national councils have performed a number of functions including state legitimation, legislative review, government accountability and the legitimation of minority political participation.

This book seeks to afford an objective, incisive insight into China. Written by a veteran Indian analyst with over 25 years of experience monitoring developments relating to contemporary China, it is an attempt to inform and promote understanding of China's policies and actions and, especially, the implications for India. The 32 essays that comprise the book present a comprehensive tour de horizon of present day China ranging across a variety of subjects. Each of the aspects touched upon have direct relevance for the international community and particularly for India and the Asia Pacific region. The first section deals exclusively with China's currently evolving internal political situation. The outline sketches of China's two top leaders suggest their personalities influence Beijing's policies and that China's domestic and foreign policies will undoubtedly bear their imprimatur. Other articles examine the equally important and rapidly evolving political scenario in China, especially concerning the selection of cadres to the Chinese Communist Party's highest echelons. The absence of veteran leaders of pre-eminence and unquestioned authority has accentuated competition within the Chinese Communist Party and indicators of potential discord, like the political upheaval involving ex-Politburo member Bo Xilai, have been identified. The book notes the attempt by China's leadership to rearrange national economic developmental priorities to remain competitive in a changing international environment. Two articles assess the implications of China's maritime ambitions and Cyber strategy, both of which are centerpieces of China's military strategy. Other articles discuss in detail the IndiaChina relationship, China's relations with some of India's neighbours, and Sino-US relations. A subject usually less focused upon though of vital strategic importance to India, namely China's strategy regarding Tibetan Buddhists and the Dalai Lama, is scrutinized in the book's concluding section. This includes the developmental activity in Tibet and plans to divert the waters of the Brahmaputra, both of which have a serious potential to impact on India. For the facility of easy reading, this book contains no citations or references.

Written for international business managers and executives, this book offers a comprehensive and authoritative discussion of foreign direct investment in the People's Republic of China. The authors note at the outset that although the events of Tiananmen Square brought both trade and investment to a virtual standstill, new investment is now again flowing into China (but at a guarded pace). For those wishing to pursue the numerous opportunities that still exist, this volume offers a full analysis of the risks involved, a thorough treatment of the different forms of investment activities in China, complete coverage of China's investment policies and incentives, and specific case studies of foreign direct investment in China.

The authors begin by providing an overview of the Open Door Policy and China's economic and managerial systems. Next, they discuss special economic zones and open cities; investment policies, such as flexible foreign ownership and choice of investment location; new incentives after 1986; and investment motivations. The modes of foreign investment covered include equity joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises, joint oil exploration, compensation, and trade. Separate chapters analyze foreign investment inflows, identify the organizations involved in foreign investment, describe investment negotiation and approval procedures, and provide a detailed example of a joint venture feasibility study. Three case studies and an evaluation of the outlook for future foreign investment in China complete the volume. Numerous explanatory tables and figures amplify points made in the text. Two appendixes provide a sample contract and articles of association for joint ventures in China and the regulations for development and opening of the Shanghai Pudong New Area. A third appendix lists the rules for the implementation of Chinese law on wholly foreign-owned enterprises in China.

"Strategic Intelligence Management" introduces both academic researchers and law enforcement professionals to contemporary issues of national security and information management and analysis. This contributed volume draws on state-of-the-art expertise from academics and law enforcement practitioners across the globe. The chapter authors provide background, analysis, and insight on specific topics and case studies. "Strategic Intelligent Management "explores the technological and social aspects of managing information for contemporary national security imperatives.

Academic researchers and graduate students in computer science, information studies, social science, law, terrorism studies, and politics, as well as professionals in the police, law enforcement, security agencies, and government policy organizations will welcome this authoritative and wide-ranging discussion of emerging threats.
Hot topics like cyber terrorism, Big Data, and Somali pirates, addressed in terms the layperson can understand, with solid research groundingFills a gap in existing literature on intelligence, technology, and national security

This text offers a review of historical traditions of international ethical and political theory in the light of modern developments in political philosophy. McCarthy provides a defence of natural law tradition, and in response to the criticism of natural law that, along with Kantianism, it is too abstract to produce a substantive account of justice and rights, constructs an argument for basic, agency-grounded rights. Through his study, the author attacks "realism" and the modern "cosmopolitan" theories that have been too little debated.

The International Joint Commission oversees and protects the shared waters of Canada and the United States. Created by the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, it is one of the world's oldest international environmental bodies. A pioneering piece of transborder water governance, the IJC has been integral to the modern Canada-United States relationship. This is the definitive history of the International Joint Commission. Separating myth from reality and uncovering the historical evolution of the IJC from its inception to its present, this collection features an impressive interdisciplinary group of scholars and practitioners. Examining the many aspects of border waters from east to west The First Century of the International Joint Commission traces the three major periods of the IJC, detailing its early focus on water flow, its middle period of growth and increasing politicization, and its modern emphasis on ecosystems. Informative, detailed, and fascinating, The First Century of the International Joint Commission is essential reading for academics, contemporary policy makers, governments, and all those interested in sustainability, climate change, pollution, and resiliency along the Canada-US Border.

What are the costs of wars and conflicts--and why do governments of nation states continue to incur them? Using detailed examples drawn from recent conflicts in the Persian Gulf, this book explains how the price of aggression is low enough that governments do not avoid conflicts, examines many dimensions of costs incurred by warfare, and proposes a private sector solution to warfare's low cost.

Former Republican Congressman John LeBoutillier criticizes current Republican policies toward Vietnam and forcefully argues for normalizing relations with Hanoi. LeBoutillier exposes what he terms the hypocrisy of present U.S. policy toward its former foe and reveals, for the first time, Oval Office secrets about the abandonment of hundreds of American prisoners of war. "Vietnam NoW" clearly demonstrates the advantages of normalized relations, including a severe weakening of Soviet influence throughout Southeast Asia and a reassertion of American economic and diplomatic power in the world's most rapidly growing region.

"Vietnam NoW" is the first book written by a Republican to challenge the conservative policies that govern U.S. relations with Vietnam. LeBoutillier counters what he calls a handful of super-conservative Republicans who continue to preach the policy of Vietnam isolation. He argues that it is finally time to recognize our former foe and, in the words of a Vietnamese diplomat, stop the bleeding that still continues from the war.

The Art of Transitional Justice examines the relationship between transitional justice and the practices of art associated with it. Art, which includes theater, literature, photography, and film, has been integral to the understanding of the issues faced in situations of transitional justice as well as other issues arising out of conflict and mass atrocity. The chapters in this volume take up this understanding and its demands of transitional justice in situations in several countries: Afghanistan, Serbia, Srebenica, Rwanda, Northern Ireland, Cambodia, as well as the experiences of resulting diasporic communities. In doing so, it brings to bear the insights from scholars, civil society groups, and art practitioners, as well as interdisciplinary collaborations.

The drug problem in South Asia is mounting. This work provides an inside story of the pro-revenue drug policies pursued both by the British colonial authorities and post-independent governments in South Asia. It examines the resurgence of Indian traffickers in international drug trafficking in recent years, and presents an extensive overview of the Afghan crisis that endorsed money from heroin trafficking to support the war in Afghanistan. The dangers of the drug trade in South Asia have now become global the author assesses international efforts against drug trafficking and the factors constraining this.

Conflict Dynamics presents case studies of six nation-states: Sierra Leone, the Republic of Congo, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indonesia, and Peru. In the book, Alethia H. Cook and Marie Olson Lounsbery examine the evolving nature of violence in intrastate conflicts, as well as the governments and groups involved, by focusing on the context of the relationships involved, the capacities of the conflict s participants, and the actors goals. The authors first present a theoretical framework through which the changeable mix of relative group capacities and the resulting tactical decisions can be examined systematically and as conflicts evolve over time. They then apply that framework to the six case studies to show its usefulness in better understanding conflicts individually and in comparison. While previous research on civil wars has tended to focus on causes and outcomes, Conflict Dynamics takes a more comprehensive approach to understanding conflict behavior. The shifting nature of relative group capacity (measured in many different ways), coupled with dynamic group goals, determines the tactical decisions of civil war actors and the paths a rebellion will take. The case studies illustrate the relevance of third parties to this process and how their interventions can influence tactics. The progression of violence in conflicts is inextricably linked to the decisions made in their midst. These influence future iterations of the conflictual relationship. Complex groups on both sides both drive and are driven by the decisions made. Understanding conflicts requires that these reciprocal impacts be considered. The comparative framework demonstrated in this book allows one to flesh out this complexity.

A long-term specialist on Southern African affairs explores the history of conflict and cooperation--showing how a landlocked small state reduced its dependency upon its neighbors in a strategically important part of Southern Africa. Drawing upon first-hand information and primary sources--interviews, personal letters, newspaper reports, archival materials, among others--this analysis of low-high politics from colonial days and independence to the present defines how political leaders and citizenry made Bostwana one of the few stable democracies in Africa--one that has improved its economy and international standing over the last quarter century. Students, scholars, and policymakers concerned with world politics, international political economy, and African studies will find this study important for understanding the foreign policy options and policies of small and weak states today in Africa and in the international arena.

What happened then to the intellectuals who spent their life working and writing about the Cold War when the conflict ended in 1991? Looking at one of the most emblematic American think tanks in recent history, the RAND Corporation, Samaan provides key insights on the evolution of strategic studies in the US in the last two decades. Based on numerous interviews and exclusive archives, this is a detailed analysis of RAND's intellectual and corporate development. But beyond this specific case study, the book is more than a historical portray of a American research center. Through RAND and its relationship with the American military, the author seeks to understand the rules of the 'field' of strategic studies in the United States. Moreover this work allows the readers to better comprehend the way the elements driving the US defense policies since 1989 - the political uncertainty and its doctrinal consequences - shaped major international events in the last two decades.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1967.

Allies Apart tells the story of Anglo-American relations at a pivotal time, with Britain joining Europe and the US pursing detente with the communist superpowers. To date, the period has been widely portrayed as a low-point for the Anglo-American alliance -- even the end of the so-called 'special relationship'. Using newly-released material from both sides of the Atlantic, Andrew Scott examines if and why this has been the case. Whereas commentators and historians have previously blamed Edward Heath for deliberately downgrading relations with Washington in order to open the door to Europe, Scott reveals a very different perspective, demonstrating the extent to which policy-making under Richard Nixon -- assisted by his chief adviser, Henry Kissinger -- affected transatlantic relations. As the White House set out to transform international relations, overhaul the global economic order and impose its Cold War rivalry on regional crises, London was left feeling impotent, marginalized and even double-crossed -- all of which fuelled the case for Europe.

Britain and the Last Tsar is a fundamental re-interpretation of British foreign and defence policy before the First World War. The current orthodoxy asserts that the rise of an aggressive and powerful Germany forced Britain - a declining power - to abandon her traditional policy of avoiding alliances and to enter into alliance with Japan (1902), France (1904), and Russia (1907) in order to contain the German menace. In a controversial rejection of this theory, Keith Neilson argues that Britain was the pre-eminent world power in 1914 and that Russia, not Germany, was the principal long-term threat to Britain's global position. This original and important study shows that only by examining Anglo-Russian relations and eliminating an undue emphasis on Anglo-German affairs can an accurate picture of Britain's foreign and defence policy before 1914 be gained.

Recreating the diplomatic career of Jack Garnett, from 1902-1919, John Fisher reveals a fascinating individual as well as contextualizing his story with regard to British policy in the countries to which he was posted in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America, during a period of rapid change in international politics and in Britain's world role.

This edited collection interprets and assesses the transformation of Brazil under the Workers' Party. It addresses the extent of the changes the Workers' Party has brought about and examines how successful these have been, as well as how continuity and social change in Brazil have affected key domains of economy, society, and politics.

This book is about China's ambitions in its most complex and internationally visible space endeavor, namely its human space exploration programme. It provides a comprehensive reflection on Chinas strategic direction and objectives in space, including in particular those set forth in its human spaceflight programme and analyses the key domestic and external factors affecting the country's presumed manned lunar ambitions. The objective of the book is to disentangle the opportunities and challenges Chinas space ambitions are creating for other spacefaring nations and for Europe in particular. It therefore includes an in-depth analysis of possible European postures towards China in space exploration and seeks to stimulate a debate on future space strategies in the broader context of world politics.