The past few decades have witnessed a growth in the importance of services in the economy, yet until the 1980s, scholarly literature on the expanding role of trade in services in the world economy remained scarce. This timely research review, edited by a leading analyst in the field, brings together seminal works on the WTO and trade in services published in the last twenty-five years. Areas covered in this important set include the determinants and patterns of trade in services, services in regional integration agreements and the GATS. This book will be of immense value to scholars and practitioners interested in this evolving and increasingly relevant field of study.

Urban Events, Place Branding and Promotion explores the phenomenon of place event marketing, examining the ways in which events are used to brand and disseminate information about a place. It provides a novel contribution to the literature, capturing the growing interest in place promotion, and offers in-depth insights on the role of events. With a focus on urban locations, this book defines the scope and concept of place event marketing. It demonstrates that different kinds of events, for leisure and business, can be used to successfully develop, promote and brand different types of places. Individual chapters written by a variety of leading academics explore how various public and non-governmental institutions that deal with promotion and marketing communications of places can implement event marketing activities and how such institutions organize, co-organize and sponsor different events. The effects of event marketing activities on urban place promotion and branding are thoroughly explored through a variety of international empirical case studies. This will be of great interest to upper-level students and researchers in events marketing and management, tourism and the broader field of urban geography. The concluding chapter also proposes future research directions.

Founders and Organizational Development: The Etiology and Theory of Founder's Syndrome is designed to help today's researchers, faculty, students and practitioners become familiar with the etiology and dynamics of Founder's Syndrome as an organizational condition challenging nonprofit/nongovernmental, social enterprise, and for-profit and publicly traded organizations. The book uses applied social and psychological theories and concepts to peel away the layers of an organizational enigma, revealing three causes of Founder's Syndrome and insight into the power and privileges assumed by founders who engage in undesirable and self-destructive behaviors leading to their termination; going from hero status to antihero. Researchers, instructors, students, and practitioners will find thought-provoking case studies from the real world of organization development practice. Segments from interviews during interventions reveal the type of emotional turmoil experienced in organizations where founder's syndrome is present. Insight is provided into accounts of well-known founders who were terminated or forced to resign. The unique features of this book include: integrating theory into practice, describing a new theory about the psychological reaction of founder's syndrome victims, prevention ideas when designing new organizations, strategies for intervention, using content based on research and organization development consultation experiences, and, integrating feedback from students who have launched organizations.

Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are becoming more and more relevant both for their innovative content and as innovation boosters for manufacturing firms and, with this scenario in mind, this book first offers an in-depth analysis of what innovation in KIBS is and its performance outcomes, and then synthesizes what we know about KIBS firms' innovation models, as well as their specific peculiarities and limitations. This book examines the recent trends in innovation, service design and development in KIBS, starting from a review of the extant literature, explaining the role and specific traits of innovation in KIBS. Then, it progresses our knowledge about KIBS and about how new technologies are offering unique opportunities to use and share their knowledge, within and across boundaries. The book also includes several cases that show how, at the micro level, firms can effectively design their services and boost their innovation performance, by overcoming some of the traditional limits of innovation in services. While KIBS literature traditionally emphasizes that innovative and performing KIBS firms rely on tight client-provider interactions with service customization, recent research suggests that alternative modes of innovation are viable for performing KIBS firms: KIBS firms can develop mass customization strategies, ease interactions with clients via ICT interfaces and leverage on focused collaborations with expert clients. Particularly, the digitalization and ICT technologies are fostering platform and modular architectural designs of KIBS, as in the software and web design services. The book seeks a broader understanding of innovation in KIBS in the digital era and will be an essential guide for both academics and practitioners interested in KIBS innovation and design.

Risk Management for Events is a comprehensive and practical guide that supports academic and professional development programs to prepare individuals for entering or advancement in the international events industry. Events of all types are produced every day for all manner of purposes, attracting all sorts of people. Creating and managing the environment in which these people will gather carries with it awesome responsibilities - legal, ethical, and financial. To provide a safe and secure setting and to operate in a manner that ensures that the hosting organizations or individuals achieve their objectives in a proper and profitable way, event risk management must be fully integrated into all event plans and throughout the event management process. This new edition has been revised and updated to include: New case studies and examples from a wide range of international destinations and different types of events. Updated statistics and data throughout. New content on emergent risk, on-site decision-making, terrorism, and public health, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and corruption within events. Updated online material, including a case study archive and weblinks to useful resources. This will be an invaluable resource for all those studying events management.

The issue of population ageing in East-Asia has been extensively studied but we remain in the dark as to the fate of the region's growing dead population, particularly in the largest metropolitan areas where there is bitter competition for space among the various human activities. From private cemetery developers to undertakers, not to mention a vast array of sub-contractors, death is discreetly helping a multitude of industry players to prosper. The result has been the transformation of funeral services into a fully-fledged industry that is rapidly expanding and adapting to the needs of urban societies with their extreme lack of space. In the specific context of East-Asian megacities, funeral rituals and practices are evolving rapidly in an attempt to conform to spatial constraints and address emerging challenges such as urban sustainability and growing social inequalities. Research dealing with death in East-Asia has so far focused on symbolic and religious issues, ignoring the social, economic and spatial dimensions that have become crucial in a context of rapid urbanization. This book aims to remedy this situation while highlighting for the first time the shared characteristics of funerary issues across Japan, Korea and China.

This book is about the economy of business services and their contribution to economic growth in Europe. In the last twenty years this sector contributed heavily to European economic growth in terms of employment, value added and innovation. So far however, many links between business services, their marketing function and their role in economic growth remain underexplored. This volume provides a comprehensive approach from an applied economics perspective. It has a clear focus on the contribution of business services to European economic growth, covering all the major mechanisms through which this impact operates.

This book investigates intercultural service encounters (ICSEs) in light of the rapidly globalizing world economy, examining the extant literature on the topic and identifying areas which require further exploration. With a focus on intercultural communication and competence, the author analyses diverse conceptual frameworks, providing theoretical models and practical initiatives for those working within the services marketing industry. An excellent resource for anyone interested in how culture shapes customer and employee expectations and perceptions, this book addresses the potential implications and limitations of future models.

When people wish to enter a specific industry they are rarely given the opportunity to understand how it functions, what sort of critical competencies are looked for, and how to build a career within this industry. The luxury industry is quite unique and has major differences with other brand-centered industries that one has to understand and master: family business heritage, role of creation, and existence of key populations.This book introduces us to the specific challenges faced by those working in the luxury industry and what it takes to succeed, as well as what luxury brands must do to ensure they are retaining and recruiting the right people who will go on to shape their companies in the future. It provides a concrete and comprehensive framework of luxury competencies, and gives real life examples and cases studies that allow the reader to understand what are the key requirements to work in this industry. It also explores the leadership challenges that this industry now faces: to replicate and cultivate talents, update customer service in a rapidly changing digital marketplace, hire Asian managers, and understand the intricacies of family businesses. To this day, such people change issues have been tackled intuitively, on an experience-basis most of the time: many executives act upon previous experiences they have gone through - mostly in marketing, finance, or distribution. They often lack expertise in what the future is about: creation, retail, internet, customer experience. This book will lead us to suggest new career tracks and competencies for the coming generation of luxury leaders.Luxury brand executives will also often rely on the external expertise of luxury experts and headhunters, who do have experience in the industry, but lack two essential dimensions: these issues are change management issues with a very strong HR dimension and most of the time HR and change management are treated separately by different agents. This book is about both, treated as interdependent. They lack a conceptual vision of what luxury is about, its unique business model and the very specific competencies and behaviors that are needed to grow within it. All luxury brands are full of both success stories and extraordinary failures due to the insufficient personal adaptation of a very talented executive that did not adapt to the industry. This book is about how these stories can help us understand the intricacies of the luxury industry.

Experiential marketing has become an indispensable tool for all types of businesses across multiple sectors. This book provides an all-encompassing, practical, and conceptual map of contemporary experiential case studies, which together offer insights into this exciting approach to customer experience. Experiential Marketing incorporates 36 international case studies from 12 key sectors, from technology, consumer goods, and B2B to luxury, events, and tourism sectors. With a selection of case studies from leading brands, such as Coca-Cola, Nutella, Chanel, NASA, The New York Times, Pfizer, and Amtrak, the reader will learn and practice the experiential marketing tools and strategies through these examples. Expert testimonials, practical applied exercises, and the author's online videos provide both theoretical foundations and concrete application. This is a must-read for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate Marketing and Customer Experience students and an excellent teaching resource. It should also be of great use to practitioners - particularly those studying for professional qualifications - who are interested in learning experiential marketing strategies and developing knowledge about the way big brands in different sectors are designing the customer experience online and offline. Online material includes lecture slides, a test bank of questions, an instructor's manual, and explanatory videos.

Experiential marketing has become an indispensable tool for all types of businesses across multiple sectors. This book provides an all-encompassing, practical, and conceptual map of contemporary experiential case studies, which together offer insights into this exciting approach to customer experience. Experiential Marketing incorporates 36 international case studies from 12 key sectors, from technology, consumer goods, and B2B to luxury, events, and tourism sectors. With a selection of case studies from leading brands, such as Coca-Cola, Nutella, Chanel, NASA, The New York Times, Pfizer, and Amtrak, the reader will learn and practice the experiential marketing tools and strategies through these examples. Expert testimonials, practical applied exercises, and the author's online videos provide both theoretical foundations and concrete application. This is a must-read for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate Marketing and Customer Experience students and an excellent teaching resource. It should also be of great use to practitioners - particularly those studying for professional qualifications - who are interested in learning experiential marketing strategies and developing knowledge about the way big brands in different sectors are designing the customer experience online and offline. Online material includes lecture slides, a test bank of questions, an instructor's manual, and explanatory videos.

This volume includes studies of organizations that deliver professional services, including accounting, law, and management consulting firms. These organizations are of importance for several reasons: they underpin the modern economy, enabling economic exchange; they constitute the 'intellect industry', developing and disseminating new ideas; and, they are exemplars of knowledge-intensive organizations. Contributors include researchers from North America and Europe. This book series is available electronically online.

The service sector in most advanced economies accounts for up to seventy percent of employment and GDP and, given its growing importance, has received much research attention over the last two decades. However, not very much attention has been paid to the relationship between this sector and both its territorial impact and regional effects. The main objective of this book is to offer a comprehensive approach to these aspects, focusing particularly on the location factors of service industries and the importance of some specific services, such as business services and knowledge and information services. The contributions have been prepared by well-known experts in the field from a wide number of countries. The focus of all contributions is not only on theoretical aspects, but also provides empirical analyses on specific countries and topics such as the geographical concentration, globalization impacts, foreign direct investments, and innovation.

Workers in the service industry face unique types and levels of stress, and this problem is worsening. Many workers and organizations are now recognizing work stress as a significant personal and organizational cost, and seeing the need to evaluate a range of organizational issues that present psychosocial hazards to the workers. Occupational Stress in the Service Professions introduces the reader to contemporary theoretical and research issues and then provides a comprehensive international review of a range of professions including nurses, correctional officers, police, fire fighters, volunteers, academics, the clergy and teachers. The book identifies the main sources of stress for these specific occupation work groups, and the implications for intervention. The range of contributions from researchers in Australia, The Netherlands, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, and the United States presents an international perspective. Well illustrated with case-studies of a number of organizations, the book serves to explore the political and social nature of the work stress problem. It then concludes with a chapter on the implications for intervention, policy and the future and aims to present a theoretical synthesis, applicable to the whole sector. Graduate students, researchers, and high level HR professions will find this an invaluable work.

A striking aspect of India's recent growth has been the dynamism of its services sector. In 2010, it accounted for 57 percent of the country's GDP and 25 percent of its total employment. The results do not conform to the growth experience of currently industrialized countries or other developing economies. Is the increasing share of the service sector in India's total output simply notional, as several activities that were earlier classified in the industrial sector are now subsumed in services' value added, or because the relative price of services has increased over time? No. The sector's growth is real - it is linked to household final demand, policy reforms and increased service exports. Is this service-led growth process sustainable? That remains an open question because the service sector is highly heterogeneous, ranging from software services and business process outsourcing to wholesale and retail trade and personal services. These subsectors vary considerably in the context of different economic characteristics that are important for development.

The papers included in this volume may be categorized loosely into four general thematic sections: theoretical perspectives on the field of health care management; the role and impact of managed care; evolution of the health professions; enhancing health care organizational performance. The three papers in the first general section deal with a range of theoretical issues related to health care management, from complexity science to a theoretical comparison of integrated networks against systems, to how health care management researchers think about the research process. The three papers in the second section address the significant challenges faced by health care managers as they attempt to respond to the increasing impact of managed care. The third section's three papers look at the evolving roles of the health professions, including those of physicians as clinicians and as executives. The four papers in the final section focus on various approaches, from total quality management to use of work groups and transformational leadership, to enhancing health care organizational performance.

Crisis and Disaster Management for Sport is the first book to introduce key concepts and best practice in crisis and disaster management in sport and international sports events. The book draws from multiple disciplines to provide insight into the issues and challenges involved in planning for, and managing, crises and disasters in the context of sport. With an initial focus on sports event and venue resilience, the book also explores social, community and individual resilience within sport and examines concepts and issues such as fandom, risk perception, crowd control and management, crisis communication and reputational risk and the growing challenges posed by climate change. The book includes real-world case studies as well as disaster management-related simulation and scenario-building exercises and looks ahead to what might be the most significant threats in future to the safe and sustainable management of sport. With the devastating impacts of COVID-19 illustrating the central importance of resilience and proper preparation for crises and disasters, this book is an essential read for all researchers, students, practitioners and policy-makers working in sport, tourism, entertainment, leisure and critical event studies.

Both the demographics and lack of resources in the health and well-being industry are increasingly forcing us to find alternative solutions for individualized health and social care. In an effort to address this issue, smart technologies present enormous potential in solving this challenge. This book strives to enhance communication and collaboration between technology and health and social care sectors. The reader will receive an extensive overview of the possibilities of various technologies in care sectors (including ICT, electronics, automation, and sensor technology) written by experts from various countries. It will prove extremely useful for engineers developing well-being related systems, software, or other devices that can be used by professionals working with people with specialist needs, well-being and health service providers, educators teaching related courses, and upper level undergraduate students and graduate student studying related topics. The technology focus of the book is widespread and addresses elderly care and hospitals, in addition to solutions for various user groups, devices, and technologies. Beyond serving as a resource for nurses and people working in care sector, the book is also meant to give guidelines for engineers developing person-centered systems by exploring the integration of these technologies into service systems.

Sport has long been used as a tool for political gain and many major sporting events are now often framed as a panacea to help combat issues such as rising obesity rates, decreasing physical activity levels and wider urban decline. In reality though, fostering a temporary 'feel-good factor' is the most that many of these events can ever achieve even though a number are now sold on the popular rhetoric of legacy. Drawing upon a range of events and the work of international scholars from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, this collection offers insights into the ways in which events outside of the big two are (re)positioned as part of the wider sporting landscape. The chapters originally published as a special issue in Sport in Society.

Living the Lighting Life provides practical tools and advice for a successful career in entertainment lighting. This easy-to-navigate guide offers real-world examples and documentation from the author and key industry experts, giving readers a comprehensive overview of the lighting life. The book provides insight on: Different job opportunities in the entertainment lighting industry; Business procedures, contracts, time sheets, and invoices; Tips on self-promotion, networking, and continual learning; The lighting lifestyle, healthy living, and work-related travel; Maintaining and developing creativity to provide innovative lighting and solutions. With insightful interviews from industry veterans, Living the Lighting Life is a key navigational resource for anyone considering a career in entertainment lighting or just starting out.

The Value of Events fills an important niche in the literature on events, being the first book to comprehensively deal with the subject of value creation and measurement, as opposed to impact assessment and programme evaluation. Value creation and measurement is often done routinely from specific perspectives such as tourism, event management, corporate marketing, or customer satisfaction. However, there exist a number of discourses on value and evaluation that have not yet received adequate attention, including the justification of governmental intervention and the costs and benefits of hosting major events. This edited book, written by an international group of academics with expertise in the relevant fields of events, tourism, sport and culture, offers new insight into events and their relationship to sustainability, social responsibility, cultural and social value. Fostering debate in the context of conceptual thinking, philosophising, multiple stakeholder perspectives and interdisciplinary approaches, it challenges the events industry, students, policy-makers and strategists with new perspectives on value, with implications for impact forecasting and assessment. This is a book for all students pursuing degrees in fields where planned events are important topics, while being of great interest to researchers, policy-makers, evaluators and organisers/managers of planned events. Within a subject in need of further attention, The Value of Events offers the most comprehensive overview of event value to date.

Not many Americans think of the legal profession as a monopoly, but it is. Abraham Lincoln, who practiced law for nearly twenty-five years, would likely not have been allowed to practice today. Without a law degree from an American Bar Association?sanctioned institution, a would-be lawyer is allowed to practice law in only a few states. ABA regulations also prevent even licensed lawyers who work for firms that are not owned and managed by lawyers from providing legal services. At the same time, a slate of government policies has increased the demand for lawyers' services. Basic economics suggests that those entry barriers and restrictions combined with government-induced demand for lawyers will continue to drive the price of legal services even higher.

Clifford Winston, Robert Crandall, and Vikram Maheshri argue that these increased costs cannot be economically justified. They create significant social costs, hamper innovation, misallocate the nation's labor resources, and create socially perverse incentives. In the end, attorneys support inefficient policies that preserve and enhance their own wealth, to the detriment of the general population.

To fix this situation, the authors propose a novel solution: deregulation of the legal profession. Lowering the barriers to entry will force lawyers to compete more intensely with each other and to face competition from nonlawyers and firms that are not owned and managed by lawyers. The book provides a much-needed analysis of why legal costs are so high and how they can be reduced without sacrificing the quality of legal services.

Social capital is broadly conceptualised as consisting of resources and network ties embedded in the social structures and relationships that facilitate beneficial outcomes for the actors within those structures. Despite the number of research studies on social capital, there have been fewer attempts to examine social capital in the context of service-oriented firms, particularly in the Asia Pacific. This is surprising as the service industry plays an important role in the global services trade transactions and business activities. Social capital enables and maintains social relations for business transformation for service-oriented firms. Indeed, it would be unimaginable for any economic activity, particularly in service-oriented firms, to occur without social capital. This examination of social capital in the Asia Pacific region provides the context for recognising the cultural, social and economic opportunities and challenges of several Asia Pacific countries that can potentially enrich our knowledge and understanding of the region. Contributions are drawn from cases based in Thailand, Indonesia, South Korea, China and Australia, for relevant application in the areas of social capital and service-oriented firms in the Asia Pacific. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.