The Guest Editors have assembled an international list of top experts to present the most current information to pediatricians about patient safety. The issue has a primarily clinical focus with a few articles addressing the business and practice of patient safety. Articles are devoted to the following topics: Developing performance standards and expectations for safety; The role of CPOE in patient safety; The role of smart infusion pumps on patient safety; Abstracted detection of adverse events in children; The role of effective communication (including handoffs) in patient safety; Reducing mortality resulting from adverse events; Optimizing standardization of case reviews (morbidity and mortality rounds) to promote patient safety; Impact of (resident) duty work hours on patient safety; Role of simulation in safety; The role of diagnostic errors in patient safety; The role of collaborative efforts to reduce hospital acquired conditions; Patient safety in ambulatory care; Role of FDA and pediatric safety; and Patient safety through the eyes of a parent.

This book is one of four publications intended to engage a broad range of persons in informed decision-making regarding key health and human value questions. Each publication has a usefulness of its own, while all four comprise a convenient series.

This issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics provides essential updates across the spectrum of pediatric endocrinology. Topics covered include Prevention of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus; genetics of growth; diagnosis in prepubescent girls; Turner and Noonan Syndromes; thyroid function in Down Syndrome; chronic disease; effects of ADHD treatment on growth; Vitamin D and bone health; use of statins; and obesity prevention.

Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 178

For most children with cerebral palsy, the extent to which they can use their hands is critical to their overall development. Over the last two decades there have been major advances in the understanding of hand function. Particularly in children with cerebral palsy, assessment of hand function has become more exact and the range of possible interventions has expanded. Changes in treatment approaches can be seen in neurorehabilitation, orthopaedic management, developmental pediatrics and rehabilitation including occupational and physical therapy practices.In this book, selected experts from around the world in the fields of neuroimaging, neurology, orthopaedics, anatomy, motor control and motor learning provide fundamental theoretical information for the development of hand function in children with cerebral palsy. The book also shows how theory can be translated into practice by clinicians who provide assessment and intervention services to improve hand use in this population in sections written by researchers in occupational and physical therapy. Linking different fields of knowledge, this book highlights new perspectives and provides the best evidence for different types of intervention. By focusing only on hand function this essential book highlights new concepts for clinicians and others working towards the overall well-being of children with cerebral palsy.

Psychopharmacology is a dominant treatment in child and adolescent psychiatry with proven benefits to young patients. The authors present topics related to PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY ISSUES: Ethical issues, Treatment planning, Side effects, Neural correlates, and Pharmacogenomics. They address DRUGS FOR SPECIFIC DISEASES: Anxiety, Depression, Eating disorders, Sleep disorders, Psychosis and Schizophrenia, High-risk for bilpolar and schizophrenia, Bipolar, ADHD, and Autism. Each topic presents an Overview of the Disease or Issue, Empirical evidence for ethical issues, Treatment summaries that include dose ranges, side effects, contraindications, and how the drugs are used specifically for a disorder. Treatment in the presence of co-morbid conditions, Long-term evidence, and Conclusions and Future directions complete the presentations. Clinical vignettes are provided that exemplify the main points of the topic.

This entry in the series Pediatric Cancer offers comprehensive information on a variety of cancers, concentrating on brain tumors, the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. The contents are organized in seven sections: Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Rhabdoid, Sarcoma and Miscellaneous Tumors. Coverage includes pediatric medulloblastoma, and treatments including craniospinal radiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The contributors explain diagnosis and chemotherapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in pediatric lymphoma patients. Ewing's sarcoma, a highly malignant connective tissue neoplasm formed by the proliferation of mesenchymal cells, receives extensive coverage, including targeting of molecular pathways and chemotherapy and surgical treatment. The roles of apoptotic genes, MYCN gene, MDM2, and SNP309, P13K inhibitors, alternative splicing and microRNAs, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and inhibition by alu-like RNA in neuroblastoma are discussed in detail. The book explores the molecular genetics, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). Among the most common malignant neoplasms in children, AT/RT exhibits similarities with other CNS tumors, which can lead to misclassification, as pointed out in the book. The contributors discuss diagnosis of AT/RT type using imaging technology, and describe new strategies, including intensive multimodal therapy and high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation that have shown improved outcomes. Coverage of therapies includes total resection followed by aggressive chemotherapy and radiation. Discussion includes diagnosis and treatment of other pediatric tumors including adrenocortical tumors, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, giant midline tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, ependymomas and intramedullary cavernoma. Pediatric Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, Volume 4 includes contributions by ninety-one contributors - oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists and pathologists - representing thirteen countries. The editor, M.A. Hayat, is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA.

Special "hazards" for otolaryngologists to be cognizant of in working with pediatric patients with concomitant disease are noted in this resource. Topics include: Hemangiomas in pediatric otolaryngology; Otolaryngologic manifestations of craniofacial syndromes; Pediatric otolaryngology manifestations of skeletal dysplasia; The otolaryngologist's approach to the down syndrome patient; Management of allergic fungal sinusitis in children; Multi-System disease and pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction; Evaulation and management of velopalatal insufficiency; Recurrent Respiratory Papilomatosis; Pierre Robin Sequence - evaluation, management, timing of surgery and pitfalls; and Endoscopic skull base techniques for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Despite the fear surrounding the issue of drug use by our children, there is little information to guide those interested in providing help to children vulnerable to substance abuse. "Children and Addiction" addresses the needs of counselors, teachers, parents, and other concerned parties by describing the influence of habit formation, opportunity, access, predisposition, family relationships, the educational environment, and interpersonal communication as precursors to the addictive process. The effects of addiction and its impact upon the individual, family, school, and society are discussed in detail. Additional information is provided on types of drugs, treatment, relapse, self-help groups, and the recovery process. Interspersed throughout the text are descriptive case histories to assist the reader in their understanding of the process of addiction.

Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents and can be debilitating if not recognized and treated. This issue covers the landscape of anxiety disorders in youth, from development and neurobiology; to treatments, advances, and novel approaches; to informing other systems of care: primary physicians, schools, and parents. Specific anxiety disorders discussed include: Obsessive-compulsive and tic-related disorders, PTSD, and school refusal and panic disorder. Pharmacotherapy, CBT, and Parent-Child interaction therapies are reviewed.

A comprehensive review of pediatric surgery for the general surgeon Topics include pediatric pain management, hernias, hydroceles, and undescended testes, appendectomy, merckel's and intussusceptions, pyloric stenosis, childhood obesity, neonatal bowel obstruction, short gut syndrome and vascular access, abdominal wall reconstruction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pediatric chest, CDH and protective ventilation strategies, chest wall deformities, congenital and pediatric neck lesions, vascular and lymphatic malformations, pediatric malignancies, teratoma and ovarian lesions, and more

The Guest Editors have assembled international experts in rheumatology to present an update to pediatricians. The basics are covered, including an article on the principles of inflammation in the child and one on the approach to the child with joint inflammation. From there, specifics are presented in the following articles: Laboratory Testing in Rheumatology; Rheumatologic Emergencies in newborns, children and adolescents; Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Macrophage Activation Syndrome; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies in Childhood; Scleroderma; Vasculitis; Kawasaki disease; Autoinflammatory diseases; Approach to the patient with non-inflammatory? musculoskeletal pain; and Immune deficiency diseases with rheumatic manifestations.

Written for pediatric dermatologists, fellows, dermatology residents and medical students rotating in pediatric dermatology, this book covers topics ranging from atopic dermatitis, drug eruptions, neonatal inpatient dermatology, abuse, and skin signs of other systemic diseases. Inpatient Pediatric Dermatology is an emerging subspecialty of Pediatric Dermatology, yet little has been written for the practicing physician treating these young patients in the hospital. Case-based Inpatient Pediatric Dermatology fills that void and uses case-based examples to highlight common and uncommon presentations of dermatologic disease in the hospitalized pediatric patient. Complete with useful color illustrations and photographs, this book is the go-to guide for clinicians treating hospitalized pediatric dermatology patients.

Recent work on emotional regulation gives a powerful new lens through which to view the evolution across childhood and adolescence of the lived experience and clinical presentation of depression.? We have a richer picture of the depressed child, and the child at risk for depression, in interaction with family and wider world.? We know more about the development and the developmental psychopathology of coping strategies. These advances give provocative clues to the actual processes whereby well-established risk and protective factors might interact to produce, sustain or curtail a depressive syndrome.? This in turn opens the door to treatment and prevention approaches that are truly developmentally informed. This is the philosophy behind this completely updated and comprehensive analysis of childhood depression.

Dr. Strasburger addresses a popular topic in mainstream media: What are the effects of the multitude of media that are available to our children and adolescents? His well-published authors try to answser this question with articles devoted to thefollowng topics: Health Effects of Media on Children and Adolescents; What Every Pediatrician Needs to Know About Social Networking Sites; Should Babies Be Watching TV and Videos?; Internet Bullying; Creative and Prosocial Uses of Media; Videogames: Good or Bad?; The New Threat of Digital Advertising; Does Media Use Cause Obesity?; Media in the Classroom; Eating Disorders and the Media; and Setting Up an Adolescent Health Website.

Top authors were selected to write clinical review articles devoted to Advances in Respiratory Care of the Newborn. Articles are devoted to: Effects of chorioamnionitis on lung function and growth; Delivery room respiratory management of the term and preterm infant; CPAP or INSURE for initial respiratory support; Which CPAP is best?; Non-invasive respiratory support; Volume limited and volume targeted ventilation; Weaning from mechanical ventilation; Predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Brain Injury in Chronically Ventilated Preterm Neonates: Collateral Damage Related to Ventilation Strategy; The Pulmonary Circulation in Respiratory Failure; Novel methods for assessment of right heart structure and function in pulmonary hypertension; Control of oxygenation; Non-invasive monitoring by photoplethysmography; Cell-based strategies to reconstitute lung function in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Permissive Hypercapnea; Prevention of BPD with Nitric Oxide; and Aero-digestive pulmonary disorders in the neonate.

The Guest Editors have assembled expert authors to cover the full clinical span of the topic autism and autism spectrum disorders. An historical perspective of the evolution of the disorder opens the issue. Next, comprehensive coverage is given to an article on the definitions, diagnostic criteria, and clinical features of autism spectrum disorders. Other articles in the issue cover the relevant topics like epidemiology, genetic syndromes and genetic testing, early diagnosis and diagnostic evaluation, and neuroimaging and neurochemistry of autism. Authors also present information on tsocial skills for the autistic child, behavioral interventions, and transitioning the autistic child into adulthood, to name a few. This issue should be very well received by pediatricians.

Imagining Animals explores the making of animal images in art therapy and child psychotherapy. It examines two contrasting primitive states of mind: the investing of the world about us with life through animism and participation mystique, and the lifeless world of autistic states of mind encountered in children who are hard to reach. Caroline Case examines how the emergence of animal imagery in therapy can act as a powerful catalyst for children in autistic states of mind, or with a background of trauma, abuse or depression. She also looks at animal / human relationships, and animal symbolism, as well as three-dimensional claywork and the development of personality. Subjects covered include: * animals on stage in therapy - anthropomorphic animal objects * the location of self in animals * entangled and confusional children: analytical approaches to psychotic thinking and autistic features in childhood. The book concludes with a compelling extended case study, which describes analytic work with a child with multiple symptoms, using the various therapeutic tools of play and art, painting and clay, and the development of character, plot and narrative. Imagining Animals offers a unique insight into the role and representation of animal imagery in art therapy and child psychotherapy, which will be of interest to all arts and play therapists working with children as well as adult psychotherapists interested in the use of imagery.

Well child care is designed to promote optimal health status for children, including school and life success. This preventive care includes anticipatory guidance; continuity of care; assessment of growth and development; screening procedures for vision, hearing, dental, and cognitive development; and immunizations. Anticipatory guidance provides parental health education, counseling, and reassurance. The vast majority of Medicaid-insured children receive fewer than the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended number of well child visits in the preschool years, and a disproportionate number of children have poor health and lack school readiness. With little empirical data available indicating clinical effectiveness other than for immunizations, the AAP recommendations for well child care were originally based on consensus expert opinion, and more than three decades later, documentation of effectiveness remained unavailable. This information gap led policymakers to question the value of well child care and limited incentive to correct its underuse. Only in the last five years have experimental findings indicated an association between well child care and both more cost efficient health care and increased school readiness. Awareness of these findings by insurance company and Medicaid administrators is limited. The purpose for this book is to increase awareness by all stakeholders of the empirically determined clinical effectiveness of well child care. The short-term goal is to facilitate increased utilization of well child care, with a longer term goal of improved child health and life success.

A complete review of pediatric maxillofacial surgery for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Topics in this issue include soft tissue injuries, ear and nose reconstruction in children, facial dermatologic lesions, vascular anomalies, sino-nasal disease and orbital cellulitis, post-traumatic growth and development, cervical masses, calvarial injuries and scalp reconstruction, management of facial fractures, craniofacial dermoids, airway abnormalities and management, craniofacial fibrous dysplasia, and unusual head and neck infections.

The articles in this issue update important topics in pediatric urology, but also address some of the more controversial clinical topics. Those topics included in this issue are Prenatal Ultrasound and Urological Anomalies, Spina Bifida and Neurogenic Bladder, Inguinal and Genital Anomalies, Voiding Dysfunction, Vesicoureteral Reflux, Hydronephrosis, Urolithiasis in Children, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) work up, Advances in Surgical Pediatric Urological Armamentarium, Pediatric Urologic Oncology, Pediatric Urological Emergencies, and Circumcision Controversies.

Each year, Advances in Pediatrics brings you the best current thinking from the preeminent practitioners in your field. A distinguished editorial board identifies current areas of major progress and controversy and invites specialists to contribute original articles on these topics. These insightful overviews bring concepts to a clinical level and explore their everyday impact on patient care. Among the topics included in this year's edition are Neuroblastoma, Cochlear Implants, Pediatric Epilepsy, Pediatric Intestinal Failure, Immunization Update, and Nurtional Recommendations, to name a few. Each edition has a tradition of honoring those who contributed greatly to pediatrics in the "Foundations of Pediatrics" segment; this edition features Waldo Nelson, MD, a giant in the field, as the annual honoree.

The provision of optimal dialysis therapy to children requires a thorough understanding of the multi-disciplinary manner in which the pediatric patient is affected by renal insufficiency. Knowledge of the technical aspects of peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy must be complemented by attention to issues such as anemia, renal osteodystrophy, hypertension, growth, cognitive development, nutrition, nursing care and the psychosocial adaptation of the child and family to chronic disease.
The inaugural edition of Pediatric Dialysis provides a comprehensive review of these and other related topics with a singular emphasis on the unique aspects of their application to children. With authoritative, clinically relevant, well-referenced chapters written by a host of recognized international experts who emphasize key aspects of contemporary management, Pediatric Dialysis has been designed to serve as a primary resource to all clinicians involved in the care of the pediatric dialysis patient.

Schools can play an important role in addressing the unmet mental health needs of youth by potentially increasing access to care in a cost-effective manner. This venue provides unparalleled access to youth and exemplifies a single setting through which the majority of children can be reached.? This very timely issue provides a much-needed analysis of the types of situations in which schools can and must address the mental health needs of their students, and the methodology for doing so.? With an eye towards current technologies (articles cover telepsychiatry and web-based interventions), authors review school-based interventions for students suffering from post-traumatic stress-syndrome, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, ADHD, psychoses, substance abuse, and other disorders.? Of special interest are the articles covering bullying (including internet bullying) and mobilizing a crisis team after student death.

Vast experience has been gained over the past decade in safely transporting, monitoring, and imaging neonates, a highly vulnerable patient group. Technological advances in MRI hardware such as higher field strength systems, multi-channel coils, higher gradient performance, and MR compatible incubators with integrated antennae laid the ground for more detailed, higher resolution anatomical MR imaging.? This issue provides separate reviews on the use of MR imaging in the evaluation of encephalopathy, postmortems, spinal dysraphia, and inflicted brain injury as well as neonatal neuro MR imaging and MR-guided cardiovascular interventions.