This book, written by experts from across the world, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview covering all aspects of posterior fossa neoplasms in pediatric patients, including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, cerebellar astrocytoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, chordoma, brain stem tumors, and rarer entities. For each tumor type, individual chapters are devoted to genetics, radiological evaluation using advanced imaging techniques, surgery, pathology, oncology, and radiation treatment. In addition, a separate section describes the various surgical approaches that may be adopted and offers guidance on the treatment of hydrocephalus and the role of intraoperative mapping and monitoring. Useful information is also provided on anatomy, clinical presentation, neurological evaluation, and molecular biology. The book closes by discussing in detail immediate postoperative care, the management of surgical complications, and longer-term rehabilitation and support. Posterior fossa tumors are the most common pediatric brain tumors but are often difficult to treat owing to their proximity to critical brain structures and their tendency to cause marked intracranial hypertension. Practitioners of all levels of experience will find Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children to be a richly illustrated, state of the art guide to the management of these tumors that will serve as an ideal reference in clinical practice.

Schools can play an important role in addressing the unmet mental health needs of youth by potentially increasing access to care in a cost-effective manner. This venue provides unparalleled access to youth and exemplifies a single setting through which the majority of children can be reached.? This very timely issue provides a much-needed analysis of the types of situations in which schools can and must address the mental health needs of their students, and the methodology for doing so.? With an eye towards current technologies (articles cover telepsychiatry and web-based interventions), authors review school-based interventions for students suffering from post-traumatic stress-syndrome, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, ADHD, psychoses, substance abuse, and other disorders.? Of special interest are the articles covering bullying (including internet bullying) and mobilizing a crisis team after student death.

This long-awaited and ground-breaking book from cognitive scientist John Morton helps to clarify the nature of developmental disorders. It challenges the basis of standard behaviourally based diagnostic practice, showing how the role of biology and cognition is crucial to understanding the underlying nature of these disorders. It also sets out a clear method for assessing and comparing the many alternative theories.

An understanding of developmental disorders depends on being able to address the issue of cause and on making the link between disorder and normal process. These were the driving forces behind the emergence of the causal modelling methodology at the Cognitive Development Unit in London by the author and his colleague Uta Frith. John Morton elucidates this method and uses it ruthlessly to compare different theories of particular developmental disorders and to pinpoint their weaknesses. The result is a book that will have a profound impact on research and thinking in the fields of psychology, neuroscience and medicine.

Dr. Leonard Swischuk has revised his outstanding work on imaging the cervical spine in children. He draws upon his extensive experience to provide practitioners with an insightful approach to pediatric cervical spine injuries. The text covers developmental anatomy, normal variants, congenital anomalies, abnormalities of the dens, trauma, and miscellaneous abnormalities of the cervical spine. The book has several strengths that appeal to radiology residents, such as its succinct overview of the topic and helpful reference lists that guide readers to additional resources. Dr. Swischuk illustrates conditions he discusses with excellent plain film examples that help residents identify cases they are likely to encounter during board exams and in practice. Accompanying CT and MR images clarify and qualify the findings. Dr. Swischuk's direct writing style makes the complex content highly accessible, providing imaging residents with an invaluable introduction to pediatric cervical spine radiology.

This issue on sex and gender comes at an opportune time, as the DSM-IV is being revised, and in particular sex and gender issues are being reconsidered.? This issue focuses on research in the area of gender variant children and transgender adolescents, assessment of several scenarios and clear information on practice parameters.? Therapy for gender variant children and transgender adolescents is discussed in detail, as well as parents' perspectives, ethical legal, and non-discrimination issues, and education on these subjects.? International standards of care are also discussed.

The objective of this volume is to give an overview of the present state of the art of pediatric clinical pharmacology including developmental physiology, pediatric-specific pathology, special tools and methods for development of drugs for children (assessment of efficacy, toxicity, long-term safety etc.) as well as regulatory and ethical knowledge and skills. In the future, structural and educational changes have to lead back to a closer cooperation and interaction of pediatrics with (clinical) pharmacology and pharmacy.

This work shows how interviews help child survivors of the Jewish experience during World War II. It is unique in that it features different aspects of the interviewer-interviewee relationship. The contributions are personal as well as analytical in nature, and the narrative is an informed psychological analysis. The work should be of interest to Holocaust centers, researchers, oral historians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, sociologists, and trauma researchers as well as survivors.

Topics: Foundations of Pediatrics; HIV; Type 2 Diabetes; Angioedema and Anaphylaxis; Meningococcemia; Novel Pulmonary Endpoints in Clinical Trials; Inflammatory Mediators in Human Milk; Probiotics and Clinical Disease; Nutrition for Preterm Infants; Genetics of Microcephaly; Access to Healthcare Issues; Intersex; Cutaneous Drug Eruptions; Proteomics; Anorexia Nervosa; Pharmacology Review

This issue provides a unique and valuable perspective on forensic matters in child and adolescent psychiatry, with an approach that adds new thinking to the discussion, rather than rehashing known facts.? The issue is divided into several sections: juvenile offenders, family law/custody and visitation, child maltreatment, personal injury law suits, forensic issues in clinical child and adolescent psychiatry, and training in child and adolescent psychiatry.? A wide range of topics are explored within each section.? All articles are geared toward? child psychiatrists in clinical practice, providing practical information in this very important area of study.

In the first book to argue that neurotic, psychotic, and borderline personality disorders can be identified, diagnosed, and treated even in the young, a renowned child psychiatrist marshalls her developmental perspective and adduces clinical evidence to support it. Kernberg and her colleagues elucidate assessment criteria and advance therapeutic approaches for each disorder.

Well child care is designed to promote optimal health status for children, including school and life success. This preventive care includes anticipatory guidance; continuity of care; assessment of growth and development; screening procedures for vision, hearing, dental, and cognitive development; and immunizations. Anticipatory guidance provides parental health education, counseling, and reassurance. The vast majority of Medicaid-insured children receive fewer than the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended number of well child visits in the preschool years, and a disproportionate number of children have poor health and lack school readiness. With little empirical data available indicating clinical effectiveness other than for immunizations, the AAP recommendations for well child care were originally based on consensus expert opinion, and more than three decades later, documentation of effectiveness remained unavailable. This information gap led policymakers to question the value of well child care and limited incentive to correct its underuse. Only in the last five years have experimental findings indicated an association between well child care and both more cost efficient health care and increased school readiness. Awareness of these findings by insurance company and Medicaid administrators is limited. The purpose for this book is to increase awareness by all stakeholders of the empirically determined clinical effectiveness of well child care. The short-term goal is to facilitate increased utilization of well child care, with a longer term goal of improved child health and life success.

Ross presents an original and controversial examination of the moral principles that guide parents in making health care decisions for their children, and the role of children in the decision-making process. She argues against the current movement to increase child autonomy, in favour of respect for family autonomy, and proposes significant changes in what informed consent allows and requires for paediatric health care decisions.

Today, individuals have greater access to information about their healththaneverbefore(Randeree,2009;Eysenbach,2008).Muchofthis changeisdue, inlargepart, toadvancesinbiotechnologyandtheseque- ing of the human genome (Manolio & Collins, 2009). It is now possible, forexample, forindividualstologontotheInternetand, forafeeofs- eral hundred dollars, order an at-home DNA collection kit and have the resultsofamyriadofgenetictestsdelivereddirectlytotheire-mailinbox (Gurwitz&Bregman-Eschet,2009).Insomecases, thesetestresultsmay indicatepersonalriskforcommonchronicdiseases, suchascertainforms ofcancer, diabetes, cardiovasculardisease, andseveralothers.Companies marketing these test kits often claim that promoting greater access to and awareness of the association between genes and health, and one's genetic susceptibilities to disease, leads to more proactive and insig- fulmethodsofindividualhealthmanagement(Hogarth, Javitt,&Melzer, 2008). Moreover, it is consistent with an emerging trend in medicine - that of consumer-oriented medicine - which places health information toolsdirectlyinthehandsofpatientsunderthepremiseoffosteringbetter patient-providercollaboration(Silvestre, Sue,&Allen,2009). Though the principles behind this direct-to-consumer approach to genetics seem laudable and perhaps even exciting, there is consid- ablecontroversyastowhat, ifany, utilitytheinformationactuallyholds (Geransar&Einsiedel,2008;Wasson, Cook,&Helzlsouer,2006).Unlike geneticteststhatarediagnostic(e.g., chromosomeanalysisforDowns- drome)orhighlypredictive(e.g., BRCA1andBRCA2testingforhereditary breast-ovarian cancer risk), this new wave of presymptomatic predictive genetictestsforcommondiseaseyieldsresultsthataremuchmoreunc- tainbecausethestatisticalmodelsonwhichtheyarepresentlybasedare imperfectandwithlimiteddata(Ng, Murray, Levy,&Venter,2009). Theabovescenarioraisesmanyquestionsfortoday'shealth-carec- sumers. For example, for whom is this information applicable, and for whatpopulationsorsubpopulationsisitnot?Underwhatcircumstances might this information be useful, and when should it be disregarded as irrelevant?Andperhapsmostimportantly, what, ifanything, canbedone inlightofinformationaboutpersonalgeneticrisktoeffectivelylowerthe oddsofbecomingsickandraisetheoddsofstayinghealthy? vii viii PREFACE Becausetheprevalenceofmostdiseasesvariesasafunctionofage, gender, race/ethnicity, and other personal characteristics, answers to these questions are complex and many are just beginning to be und- stood(Khouryetal.,2009).Someexpertshaveconcludedthattheanswers tosuchquestionsremainoutofreachatthepresenttimeandmayc- tinue to be elusive for another 5-10 years (Frazer, Murray, Schork, & Topol,2009).Yet, twenty-?rstcenturyhealth-careconsumers, providers, and policy makers face these choices now about incorporating personal genetic information into health management and often do so without a complete and accurate understanding of the potential impact of their decisionsonmultiplelevels(Carlson,2009).

The interpretation of skin lesions in children that may be due to abuse is often not straightforward, and many reports have been published on dermatological disorders and accidental injuries that were unjustly regarded as signs of child abuse. This book describes in detail the cutaneous manifestations of the physical abuse of children and devotes particular attention to differential diagnosis. Careful guidance is provided on the optimal evaluation of children presenting with findings potentially attributable to abuse. The numerous images and detailed background information will develop the ability of the reader to assess and interpret the clinical signs of abuse, and to distinguish these signs from other causes of injury, such as accidents and self-mutilation, and dermatological disorders. "Cutaneous Manifestations of Child Abuse" will be invaluable for pediatric dermatologists, pediatricians, forensic experts, and others who deal with the physical abuse of children.

Sleep in children and adolescents is reviewed in this issue of Pediatric Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Judith Owens and Jodi Mindell. Drs. Owens and Mindell have gathered a panel of experts in the field of pediatric sleep medicine to pen reviews on topics including Evaluating sleep and sleep disorders in the pediatric primary care setting, insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder, Circadian rhythm disorders, Sleep in adolescents: the perfect storm, Neurocognitive dysfunction and sleep, Sleep in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Sleep in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Sleep problems in children with common medical disorders, Sleep and obesity, Sleep health education, Cultural issues in children's sleep, and Sleep in the family.

The Year Book of Pediatrics brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in pediatrics, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Dr. James Stockman III, President of the American Board of Pediatrics, has been a driving force in pediatrics for a generation. He has selected every journal article and written every commentary, sharing his important and unique perspectives. His expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice. There's no faster or easier way to stay informed! This annual covers all aspects of pediatric care from infectious diseases and immunology, adolescent medicine, therapeutics and toxicology, child development, dentistry and otolaryngology and neurology and psychiatry. The Year Book of Pediatrics publishes annually in December of the preceding year.

Dr. Coppes and his co-Editors have created a comprehensive table of contents that addresses the full spectrum of food allergies in children. Articles are presented to be most useful to pediatricians, as the issue begins with the clinical presentation and epidemiology of food allergy, and then progresses to the diagnostic testing and pahthophysiology.? Articles are also included that are devoted to specific types of food allergy, dairy, soy, egg, peanut, and tree nut. Finally, articles are also devoted to living with food allergies, management of allergies in schools and camps, and therapies for food allergies.

This issue provides a unique and valuable perspective on forensic matters in child and adolescent psychiatry, with an approach that adds new thinking to the discussion, rather than rehashing known facts. The issue is divided into several sections: juvenile offenders, family law/custody and visitation, child maltreatment, personal injury law suits, forensic issues in clinical child and adolescent psychiatry, and training in child and adolescent psychiatry. A wide range of topics are explored within each section. All articles are geared toward child psychiatrists in clinical practice, providing practical information in this very important area of study.

Pediatric and Adolescent Psychopharmacology is reviewed in this issue of Pediatric Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Dilip Patel, Donald Greydanus, and Cynthia Feucht. Authorities in the field have come together to pen articles on Therapy in the Age of Pharmacology: Point-Counterpoint, Principles of Pharmacology and Neurotransmission, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pediatric Mental Health, Psychopharmacology of Anxiety Disorders, Psychopharmacologic Control of Aggression and Violence, Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Psychopharmacology of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa, Psychopharmacology of Obesity, Psychopharmacology of Depression, Psychopharmacology of Pediatric Bipolar Disorders, Cognitive-Adaptive Disabilities, Psychopharmacology of Schizophrenia, Management of Psychotic States Induced by Medical Conditions, Substance Use and Abuse, Psychopharmacology of Tic Disorders, and Pharmacology of Sleep Disorders.

An expanded, updated, and revised edition, the ADHD Handbook, second edition covers recent advances in causes and management of ADHD, and includes more than 400 scientific references to peer-reviewed articles. It provides answers to the numerous questions that surround ADHD, including how is it diagnosed? What causes ADHD? What are the risks of associated learning and behavior disorders, tics, seizures, and headaches? What treatments are available? What are the choices of medications and the risks of side effects? How can adverse effects be avoided? What are the alternatives to medication? Do children outgrow ADHD, and how long is treatment required? ADHD Handbook is written for neurologists, pediatricians, practicing physicians, residents, fellows and students of medicine, psychologists, educators, occupational and speech therapists, nurse practitioners and other healthcare providers. It also offers parents a readable, but uniquely well documented and objective account of ADHD symptoms, diagnosis, medications, alternative treatments, and management.

Pediatric Chest Pain is reviewed in this issue of Pediatric Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Guy Eslick and Steven Selbst. Authorities in the field have come together to pen articles addressing the Epidemiology and risk factors for pediatric chest pain, Approaches to the pediatric patient with chest pain, Psychological causes of pediatric chest pain, Myocardial Ischemia (including Kawasaki's Disease), Myocarditis and Pericarditis, Arrhythmias, Gastroesophageal Reflux and Foreign Body, Asthma and pneumonia, Pneumothorax/Pneumomediastinum/pulmonary embolism, Musculoskeletal causes of pediatric chest pain, Miscellaneous causes of chest pain, and Future Developments.

This issue offers a practical, clinical, and evidence-based approach to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in children and adolescents. In addition to providing an historical perspective and overviews, the issue discusses CBT and its therapeutic use in Depression/Suicidality, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, PTSD, Anxiety Disorders, Eating Disorders, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Externalizing Disorders, Repetitive Behavior Disorders, and other treatment areas. Also discussed are Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).

This issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest edited by Drs. Athena Kourtis and Marc Bulterys, examines Perinatal HIV/AIDS. Authorities in the field have come together to offer reviews on topics including Epidemiology of perinatal HIV infection: US and worldwide; Biology of perinatal HIV transmission: Timing, virologic and immunologic factors; Viral sequencing from HIV-infected mothers and infants: Molecular evolution, diversity, and risk factors for mother-to-child transmission; Diagnosis of perinatally-acquired HIV infection; Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: Antiretroviral strategies; Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: The role of Cesarean section; International recommendations for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV; Immune-based approaches: active and passive immunization; Breastfeeding and HIV: Biology of transmission and current state-of-the-art regarding prevention; HIV drug resistance and mother-to-child transmission of HIV; Survival and health benefits of breastfeeding versus artificial feeding in infants of HIV-infected women: Developing vs. developed world; Clinical care of the HIV-exposed infant of HIV-infected mothers; Clinical care of the HIV-infected infants; Issues of prematurity and HIV exposure/infection; and Antiretroviral pharmacology: Special issues regarding pregnant women and neonates.