"Biofilm Eradication and Prevention"s presents the basics of biofilm formation on medical devices, diseases related to this formation, and approaches pharmaceutical researchers need to take to limit this problem. Split into three parts, the first deals with the development and characterization of biofilm on the surfaces of implanted or inserted medical devices. Questions as to why biofilms form over medical device surfaces and what triggers biofilm formation are addressed. In the second section, the author discusses biofilm-mediated chronic infections occurred in various organs (eyes, mouth, wounds) and pharmaceutical and drug delivery knowledge gained from research in these area. The third part explores pharmaceutical approaches like lipid-and polymer-based drug delivery carriers for eradicating biofilm on device-related infections. In addition, this section also explores the topic of novel small molecule (like iron and its complexes/metal chelators) and a quorum-sensing inhibitors to control medical biofilm formation.

This book covers the latest developments in tissue electrical conductivity and current density imaging, increasingly popular as well as challenging applications of MRI. These applications are enabled by the acquisition of high-quality MR phase images. This book provides a practical description of the MRI physics needed to understand and acquire phase images in MRI and the key details required to reconstruct them into conductivity, current density or electric field distributions. Comprehensive details are provided about the electrical properties of biological tissues, computational modeling considerations, experimental methods, construction of non-biological and biological phantoms and MRI pulse sequences. An inclusive review of image reconstruction algorithms, and their potential applications is provided for applications directed at determining current density or electric fields, such as in transcranial DC or AC stimulation techniques; as well as electrical conductivity reconstructions that may be of use in quantitative MRI applications used to detect cancer or other pathologies. This is an excellent book for undergraduate and graduate students beginning to explore phase, current density, and conductivity imaging in MRI, and will also be of great use to researchers interested in the area of MR-based electrical property imaging.

Modeling Biomolecular Networks in Cells shows how the interaction between the molecular components of basic living organisms can be modelled mathematically and the models used to create artificial biological entities within cells. Such forward engineering is a difficult task but the nonlinear dynamical methods espoused in this book simplify the biology so that it can be successfully understood and the synthesis of simple biological oscillators and rhythm-generators made feasible. Such simple units can then be co-ordinated using intercellular signal biomolecules. The formation of such man-made multicellular networks with a view to the production of biosensors, logic gates, new forms of integrated circuitry based on "gene-chips" and even biological computers is an important step in the design of faster and more flexible "electronics". The book also provides theoretical frameworks and tools with which to analyze the nonlinear dynamical phenomena which arise from the connection of building units in a biomolecular network.

The interaction of tissue and synthetic material can be the pivotal element in the artificial replacement of a body part damaged by disease or trauma. Hip replacements, dental implants, pacemaker leads, vascular grafts, heart valves, and dialysis machines all involve microscopic, tissue-level events that determine the success or failure of such devices. An Introduction to Tissue-Biomaterial Interactions acquaints an undergraduate audience with the fundamental biological processes that influence these sophisticated, cutting-edge procedures.

Chapters one through three provide more detail about the molecular-level events that happen at the tissue-implant interface, while chapters four through ten explore selected material, biological, and physiological consequences of these events. The importance of the body’s wound-healing response is emphasized throughout. Specific topics covered include:

• Structure and properties of biomaterials
• Proteins
• Protein-surface interactions
• Blood-biomaterial interactions
• Inflammation and infection
• The immune system
• Biomaterial responses to implantation
• Biomaterial surface engineering
• Intimal hyperplasia and osseointegration as examples of tissue-biomaterial interactions

The text also provides extensive coverage of the three pertinent interfaces between the body and the biomaterial, between the body and the living cells, and between the cells and the biomaterial that are critical in the development of tissue-engineered products that incorporate living cells within a biomaterial matrix.

Ideal for a one-semester, biomedical engineering course, An Introduction to Tissue-Biomaterial Interactions provides a solid framework for understanding today’s and tomorrow’s implantable biomedical devices.

This book focuses on biomaterials of different forms used for medical implants. The authors introduce the characteristics and properties of biomaterials and then dedicate special chapters to metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite biomaterials. Case studies on sterilization methods by biomaterials are also presented. Finally, the authors describe the degradation and effects of biomaterials in living tissue.

Covers biological and health effects including oxidative stress, DNA damage, reproductive effects of mobile phones/antennas (2G, 3G, 4G), cordless phones and Wi-Fi Describes effects induced by real-life exposures by commercially available devices and antennas Illustrates biophysical and biochemical mechanisms aiming to fill the gap between recorded experimental and epidemiological findings, and their explanations Explore experimental and epidemiological facts, mechanisms of action, explanations and protection tips

This volumes presents the proceedings of the FASMI 2020 conference, held at Taipei Veterans General Hospital on November 20-22, 2020. It presents contributions on all aspects of molecular imaging, discovered by leading academic scientists and researchers. It also provides a premier interdisciplinary treatment of recent innovations, trend, and concerns as well as practical challenges and solutions in Molecular Imaging and put an emphasis on Artificial Intelligence applied to Imaging Data. FASMI is the annual meeting of the Federation of Asian Societies for Molecular Imaging

This book highlights the latest advances on the implementation and adaptation of blockchain technologies in real-world scientific, biomedical, and data applications. It presents rapid advancements in life sciences research and development by applying the unique capabilities inherent in distributed ledger technologies. The book unveils the current uses of blockchain in drug discovery, drug and device tracking, real-world data collection, and increased patient engagement used to unlock opportunities to advance life sciences research. This paradigm shift is explored from the perspectives of pharmaceutical professionals, biotechnology start-ups, regulatory agencies, ethical review boards, and blockchain developers. This book enlightens readers about the opportunities to empower and enable data in life sciences.

This book is focused on marine based biomedical carriers for delivery of therapeutics. Marine biomaterials and bio-based carriers show wide applications in pharmaceutical as well as biomedical fields for delivery of small and large molecules. Biomaterial-based composites, scaffolds or matrix systems are promising systems for controlled and prolonged release of drug in target site and control the premature release of drugs or bioactive compounds. This book discusses the targeted delivery of drugs and therapeutic applications. It also describes the use of marine biopolymers in cancer therapy. Different chapters describe the tissue engineering techniques to develop these carriers. The marine biomaterial-based systems are widely used for tissue engineering, and biomedical imaging. This book is meant for industry experts, students and researchers in the area of pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical engineering and material science and pharmacology.

Increase in consumer awareness of nutritional habits has placed automatic food analysis in the spotlight in recent years. However, food-logging is cumbersome and requires sufficient knowledge of the food item consumed. Additionally, keeping track of every meal can become a tedious task. Accurately documenting dietary caloric intake is crucial to manage weight loss, but also presents challenges because most of the current methods for dietary assessment must rely on memory to recall foods eaten. Food understanding from digital media has become a challenge with important applications in many different domains. Substantial research has demonstrated that digital imaging accurately estimates dietary intake in many environments and it has many advantages over other methods. However, how to derive the food information effectively and efficiently remains a challenging and open research problem. The provided recommendations could be based on calorie counting, healthy food and specific nutritional composition. In addition, if we also consider a system able to log the food consumed by every individual along time, it could provide health-related recommendations in the long-term. Computer Vision specialists have developed new methods for automatic food intake monitoring and food logging. Fourth Industrial Revolution [4.0 IR] technologies such as deep learning and computer vision robotics are key for sustainable food understanding. The need for AI based technologies that allow tracking of physical activities and nutrition habits are rapidly increasing and automatic analysis of food images plays an important role. Computer vision and image processing offers truly impressive advances to various applications like food analytics and healthcare analytics and can aid patients in keeping track of their calorie count easily by automating the calorie counting process. It can inform the user about the number of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and other nutrients provided by each meal. The information is provided in real-time and thus proves to be an efficient method of nutrition tracking and can be shared with the dietician over the internet, reducing healthcare costs. This is possible by a system made up of, IoT sensors, Cloud-Fog based servers and mobile applications. These systems can generate data or images which can be analyzed using machine learning algorithms. Image Based Computing for Food and Health Analytics covers the current status of food image analysis and presents computer vision and image processing based solutions to enhance and improve the accuracy of current measurements of dietary intake. Many solutions are presented to improve the accuracy of assessment by analyzing health images, data and food industry based images captured by mobile devices. Key technique innovations based on Artificial Intelligence and deep learning-based food image recognition algorithms are also discussed. This book examines the usage of 4.0 industrial revolution technologies such as computer vision and artificial intelligence in the field of healthcare and food industry, providing a comprehensive understanding of computer vision and intelligence methodologies which tackles the main challenges of  food and health processing. Additionally, the text focuses on the employing sustainable 4 IR technologies through which consumers can attain the necessary diet and nutrients and can actively monitor their health. In focusing specifically on the food industry and healthcare analytics, it serves as a single source for multidisciplinary information involving AI and vision techniques in the food and health sector. Current advances such as Industry 4.0 and Fog-Cloud based solutions are covered in full, offering readers a fully rounded view of these rapidly advancing health and food analysis systems. 

This book covers the most important topics in the field of personalized orthopedics. It starts with the 3D geometry of the bones, focusing on the problem of reverse engineering of the bones. It also shows the application of a 3D geometric model of bone for the design of personalized implants and prostheses. This book covers the application of additive technologies in personalized orthopedics as well as prediction, simulation and optimization in personalized orthopedics. Its content provides the necessary knowledge for the transition from classical to personalized orthopedics. The authors present an original method for reverse bone engineering-the Method of Anatomical Features (MAF). This method is unique as it enables the reconstruction of the original geometry and topology of the bone, even when only data on its part are available. The application of this method is shown on the examples of human long bones, mandible and hip bone reconstruction. This book contains a review of several real cases of personalized implants. It gives several examples of prostheses for the design of which a 3D model of bones was used, as well as other patient data on the basis of which personalized prostheses were designed.

This book brings together some of the most impactful researchers in the field of Genetic Programming (GP), each one working on unique and interesting intersections of theoretical development and practical applications of this evolutionary-based machine learning paradigm. Topics of particular interest for this year´s book include powerful modeling techniques through GP-based symbolic regression, novel selection mechanisms that help guide the evolutionary process, modular approaches to GP, and applications in cybersecurity, biomedicine and program synthesis, as well as papers by practitioner of GP that focus on usability and real-world results. In summary, readers will get a glimpse of the current state of the art in GP research.

This book provides students and researchers with a resource that includes the current application of the multi-criteria decision theory in a variety of fields, including the environment, health care, engineering, and architecture. There are many critical parameters (criteria) that can directly or indirectly affect the consequences of various decisions. The application of the multi-criteria decision theory focusses mainly on the use of computational methods which include multiple criteria and orders of preference for the evaluation and the selection of the best option among many alternatives based on the desired outcome. The theory of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is an approach that can be extremely useful for students, managers, engineers of manufacturing companies, etc.

Emerging Phytosynthesized Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications provides readers with an increased understanding of the efficacy of phytochemicals obtained from plant extracts for the synthesis of nanomaterials, mechanism of formation, and the development of functional composites, all while still minimizing toxicity to humans and the environment. The book presents various novel biomedical applications of phytosynthesized nanomaterials for cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular treatment, drug delivery, antimicrobial agents, orthopedics, and biosensors, as well as pharmaceutical product development. This is an important reference source for biomaterials scientists and plant scientists looking to increase their understanding of how photosynthesized nanomaterials can be used in biomedical applications.

This first book on high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is intended for students and biologists who want to use HS-AFM in their research. It provides straightforward explanations of the principle and techniques of AFM and HS-AFM. Numerous examples of HS-AFM studies on proteins demonstrate how to apply this new form of microscopy to specific biological problems. Several precautions for successful imaging and the preparation of cantilever tips and substrate surfaces will greatly benefit first-time users of HS-AFM. In turn, the instrumentation techniques detailed in Chapter 4 can be skipped, but will be useful for engineers and scientists who want to develop the next generation of high-speed scanning probe microscopes for biology. The book is intended to facilitate the first-time use of this new technique, and to inspire students and researchers to tackle their own specific biological problems by directly observing dynamic events occurring in the nanoscopic world. Microscopy in biology has recently entered a new era with the advent of high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). Unlike optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and conventional slow AFM, it allows us to directly observe biological molecules in physiological environments. Molecular "movies" created using HS-AFM can directly reveal how molecules behave and operate, without the need for subsequent complex analyses and roundabout interpretations. It also allows us to directly monitor morphological change in live cells, and dynamic molecular events occurring on the surfaces of living bacteria and intracellular organelles. As HS-AFM instruments were recently commercialized, in the near future HS-AFM is expected to become a common tool in biology, and will enhance and accelerate our understanding of biological phenomena.

This book provides an overview of the use of nanoparticles, carbon-nanotubes, liposomes, and nanopatterned flat surfaces for specific biomedical applications. This book explains the chemical and physical properties of the surface of these materials that allow their use in diagnosis, biosensing and bioimaging devices, drug delivery systems, and bone substitute implants. The toxicology of these particles is also discussed in the light of a new field referred to as nanotoxicology in this book. This book will be useful for engineers, researchers and industry professionals primarily in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, nanocatalysis, biotechnology and biomedicine.

Nanomaterials for Photodynamic Therapy takes a unique approach to this area, with a key focus on the use of nanomaterials and nanocarriers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The book introduces the history and mechanism of action behind PDT, covering the variety of sensitizers currently available. Subsequent chapters review existing and emerging nanomaterials for PDT, including hydrogel nanocomposites, fullerenes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, and more. Challenges and translational aspects of PDT are also discussed, touching on the issues and hindrances of drug resistant cancers. The book bridges the gap between the physics and clinical aspects of PDT, offering a unique nanomaterials-focused perspective. This book will prove useful for materials scientists, biomedical engineers, electrical and optical engineers, and pharmaceutical scientists interested in cancer treatment.

Comprehensive Metaheuristics: Algorithms and Applications presents the foundational underpinnings of metaheuristics and a broad scope of algorithms and real-world applications across a variety of research fields. The book starts with fundamentals, mathematical prerequisites, and conceptual approaches to provide readers with a solid foundation. After presenting multi-objective optimization, constrained optimization, and problem formation for metaheuristics, world-renowned authors give readers in-depth understanding of the full spectrum of algorithms and techniques. Scientists, researchers, academicians, and practitioners who are interested in optimizing a process or procedure to achieve a goal will benefit from the case studies of real-world applications from different domains. The book takes a much-needed holistic approach, putting the most widely used metaheuristic algorithms together with an in-depth treatise on multi-disciplinary applications of metaheuristics. Each algorithm is thoroughly analyzed to observe its behavior, providing a detailed tutorial on how to solve problems using metaheuristics. New case studies and research problem statements are also discussed, which will help researchers in their application of the concepts.

The growing importance of glycobiology and carbohydrate chemistry in modern biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry makes accurate carbohydrate analysis indispensable. This book provides the principles and protocols of various fundamental carbohydrate analysis methods. Choice of method is entirely dependent upon the type of material being investigated (biological samples, food products, etc.), and the level of structural detail required, i.e. sugar content, compositional analysis, linkages between the sugar components, or the total chemical structure of a given molecule. Full structural characterization of carbohydrate chains requires significant time, resources, and skill in several methods of analysis; no single technique can address all glycan analysis needs. This book summarizes several existing analytical techniques (both chemical and physical) in an introductory volume designed for the non-expert researcher or novice scientist. While background in carbohydrate chemistry is assumed, all information necessary to understanding the described techniques is addressed in the text.

Improving the quality of life for the disabled and elderly is a pressing issue for today s European societies, as Europe, and industrialized countries worldwide, are confronted with a demographic shift. Researchers are looking toward Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) as the solution to this problem. Wireless Technologies for Ambient Assisted Living and Healthcare: Systems and Applications provides a compendium of terms, definitions, and explanations of concepts and processes within the area of AAL. It focuses on innovative wireless solutions for smart home environments, which will positively contribute to independent living and quality of life for disabled and elderly individuals, as they rely less on caretakers and more on technology. Other topics include information and communication technologies related to health, new developments in distributed applications and interoperable systems, applications and services, wireless technologies and architectures for health monitoring systems, and wireless communication and sensor networks in smart living space.

This book focuses on energy metabolism and brain functions related to Cortical Spreading Depression of Leao (CSD), an important issue in brain pathophysiology. The first part of the book offers a comprehensive overview of the history and early research on CSD, and then discusses the recent advances in the technology used to map and monitor brain mitochondrial NADH redox state and other physiological functions during CSD. The chapters explore the connection between CSD and mitochondrial function under hypoxia, Ischemia and various drugs treatment, and provide a resource to scientists researching the development of CSD during various brain pathophysiological conditions. This book is essential to scientists and students working in the field of bioenergetics of the brain and various organs and tissues in the body. The use of this technology is also crucial and applicable in the neuroscience field.

This innovative textbook brings together modern concepts in mathematical epidemiology, computational modeling, physics-based simulation, data science, and machine learning to understand one of the most significant problems of our current time, the outbreak dynamics and outbreak control of COVID-19. It teaches the relevant tools to model and simulate nonlinear dynamic systems in view of a global pandemic that is acutely relevant to human health. If you are a student, educator, basic scientist, or medical researcher in the natural or social sciences, or someone passionate about big data and human health: This book is for you! It serves as a textbook for undergraduates and graduate students, and a monograph for researchers and scientists. It can be used in the mathematical life sciences suitable for courses in applied mathematics, biomedical engineering, biostatistics, computer science, data science, epidemiology, health sciences, machine learning, mathematical biology, numerical methods, and probabilistic programming. This book is a personal reflection on the role of data-driven modeling during the COVID-19 pandemic, motivated by the curiosity to understand it.

Micro/Nano-robotics for Biomedical Applications features a system approach and incorporates modern methodologies in autonomous mobile robots for programmable and controllable micro/nano-robots aiming at biomedical applications. The book provides chapters of instructional materials in micro/nanorobotics for biomedical applications. The book features lecture units on micro/nanorobot components and techniques, including sensors, actuator, power supply, and micro/nano-fabrication and assembly. It also contains case studies on using micro/nano-robots in biomedical environments and in biomedicine, as well as a design example to conceptually develop a Vitamin-pill sized robot to enter human s gastrointestinal tract. Laboratory modules to teach robot navigation and cooperation methods suitable to biomedical applications will be also provided based on existing simulation and robot platforms."