The volume begins with an overview of POGIL and a discussion of the science education reform context in which it was developed. Next, cognitive models that serve as the basis for POGIL are presented, including Johnstone's Information Processing Model and a novel extension of it.
Adoption, facilitation and implementation of POGIL are addressed next. Faculty who have made the transformation from a traditional approach to a POGIL student-centered approach discuss their motivations and implementation processes. Issues related to implementing POGIL in large classes are discussed and possible solutions are provided. Behaviors of a quality facilitator are presented and steps to create a facilitation plan are outlined.
Succeeding chapters describe how POGIL has been successfully implemented in diverse academic settings, including high school and college classrooms, with both science and non-science majors. The challenges for implementation of POGIL are presented, classroom practice is described, and topic selection is addressed. Successful POGIL instruction can incorporate a variety of instructional techniques. Tablet PC's have been used in a POGIL classroom to allow extensive communication between students and instructor. In a POGIL laboratory section, students work in groups to carry out experiments rather than merely verifying previously taught principles.
Instructors need to know if students are benefiting from POGIL practices. In the final chapters, assessment of student performance is discussed. The concept of a feedback loop, which can consist of self-analysis, student and peer assessments, and input from other instructors, and its importance in assessment is detailed. Datais provided on POGIL instruction in organic and general chemistry courses at several institutions. POGIL is shown to reduce attrition, improve student learning, and enhance process skills.

Chiral molecules are ubiquitous in nature. Thus, it is not surprising to come across this phenomenon in the world of flavor substances. This book provides an overview on the analytical procedures currently applied to analyze chiral flavor substances at trace levels. It demonstrates several examples for the application of these techniques to determine naturally occurring enantiomeric compositions of chiral key flavor compounds in various natural systems. In addition to the analytical aspects, the contributions focus on the sensory properties of enantiomers and enlarge our knowledge on the correlation between configurations and odor properties and intensities of chiral flavor compounds. The practical importance of the topic is reflected by a discussion of merits and limitations of chiral analysis for the authenticity control of food flavorings. In addition, examples for the use of enzymes and microorganisms to obtain enantiopure flavor substances and thus to meet legal requirements for "natural" labeling are presented. Finally, the book covers aspects recently getting more and more in the focus of flavor science: What are the physiological mechanisms underlying the perception of sensory properties and does chirality matter in that respect?

More than four decades have passed since surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was discovered. In today's world SERS has been established as a plasmon-based spectroscopy with ultra-high sensitivity and versatility at the forefront of the developments in plasmonics. SERS has been developing with the advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The "SERS world" has grown up markedly for the last 20 years or so, and recently the wider concept of, plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy was born. Plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy contains not only SERS but also tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA), surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), and more. Through these novel spectroscopies various amazing properties of plasmons have become known, providing new exciting research fields. One of the main purposes of the book is to convey the enthusiastic discussion on plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy at the symposium to the scientific community. This book reports leading-edge advances in the theory of plasmonic enhancement and application of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy to biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, and medicine. Many books have been published about SERS, but this may be the first time that a book on a wide area of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy has ever been published. The book consists of two volumes; the second volume discusses TERS, SEIRA, and other topics related to plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy.

In todays’ world with its widespread usage of personal-care products, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, flame retardants, plasticizers, various industrial additives, metals and metalloids, pesticides, and pesticide metabolites, environmental contaminants are an increasing source of pollution with a severe effect on the ecological system. Industries that produce these contaminants must find answers to remediate this. Nanomaterials in Environmental Analysis contributes to solving this problem by providing researchers in industry and academia with promising applications of nanoparticles in detection techniques and in removal of chemical species from the environment. Each chapter covers an aspect of using nanoparticles in detecting, measuring and remediating toxic chemical species in the environment.

More than four decades have passed since surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was discovered. In today's world SERS has been established as a plasmon-based spectroscopy with ultra-high sensitivity and versatility at the forefront of the developments in plasmonics. SERS has been developing with the advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The "SERS world" has grown up markedly for the last 20 years or so, and recently the wider concept of, plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy was born. Plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy contains not only SERS but also tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA), surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), and more. Through these novel spectroscopies various amazing properties of plasmons have become known, providing new exciting research fields. One of the main purposes of the book is to convey the enthusiastic discussion on plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy at the symposium to the scientific community. This book reports leading-edge advances in the theory of plasmonic enhancement and application of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy to biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, and medicine. Many books have been published about SERS, but this may be the first time that a book on a wide area of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy has ever been published. The book consists of two volumes; the first volume contains the introductory review by George Schatz followed by eight chapters, which are mainly concerned with SERS.

Photoelectrochemical Bioanalysis: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications covers the fundamentals from a basic to advanced level, along with the latest accounting of emerging applications. As photoelectrochemical bioanalysis is a rapidly developing area with a wide range developments occurring alongside, it can be difficult for beginners to grasp the understanding of the ever-growing and continuously expanding body of knowledge. Sections detail information on applications in bioanalysis, their working principles, the methodologies of constructions and the approaches adopted with their respective advantages and disadvantages. This book will assist researchers in understanding the latest advances in the materials and engineering aspects of PCE bioanalysis. It also provides researchers with an overview of modern strategies applied for the performance enhancement of PCE materials as well as the modifications suggested to improve the potential of PCE bioanalytical techniques. Last but not least, it will assist researchers in finding gaps and potential opportunities in the field to impart novelty in their research

Fundamentals of Sensor Technology: Principles and Novel Designs presents an important reference on the materials, platforms, characterization and fabrication methods used in the development of chemical sensor technologies. Sections provide the historical context of sensor technology development, review principles for the design of sensing devices and circuits, delve into the most common chemical and biological sensor types, cover unique properties and performance requirements, discuss fabrication techniques, including defining critical parameters, modeling and simulation strategies, and present important materials categories used in sensing applications, such as nanomaterials, quantum dots, magnetic materials, and more. This book is appropriate for the interdisciplinary community of researchers and practitioners interested in the development of sensor technologies, including materials scientists and engineers, analytical chemists and other related disciplines.

The physical sciences and mathematics are extraordinarily useful in explaining the material world. People and society are constrained by physical reality, but we are often unclear on what constraints are absolute, which may be relative, and those that are simply a matter of taste. Bandwidth explains how limitations in the movement and perception of information constrain human behavior, cognition, interaction, and perspective. How fast can we learn? How much? Why are habits and biases unavoidable? Why is the common statement 'any nation that can land people on the moon surely can ...' frequently wrong? Using equations and physical models, Bandwidth describes constraints which, in part, explain political, economic, religious, and personal frictions. Aspects considered include: how much information can one human absorb in a lifetime? How far does a process of perturbation propagate? How do specialization or generalization, critical thinking or belief, influence what people accomplish? Throughout, equations are used to compactly express ideas, illustrating why mathematical economy of expression accelerates communication and deeper understanding. The critical impacts of uncertainty, fluctuations, or noise, and their implications for law and society, are emphasized.

Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Volume 101, "Smartphones for chemical analysis: From proof-of-concept to analytical applications" highlights the emergence of smartphones as analytical detectors in the chemical analysis field. The volume covers a wide range of topics starting from the contribution of smartphones towards ubiquitous testing. The challenges related to their coupling with various analytical methods, such as, colorimetry or electrochemistry are identified and discussed to enhance trust towards this newly emerge technology. Case studies with applications of smartphone-based methods in various analytical fields, e.g., food or microplastics analysis are also comprehensively presented.

Analytical Nebulizers: Fundamentals and Applications presents the fundamentals of analytical nebulizers, including types, aerosol generation, characterization, and design information of various classes of nebulizers such as nanonebulizers, multinebulizers, electrosprays, and ultrasonic nebulizers. The continuous development of new analytical techniques and materials make these technological approaches very interesting for those working in the industrial sector. In addition, although the book mainly focuses on the application of analytical nebulizers in analytical sciences, specifically in sample preparation, it is also useful to those in other disciplines (e.g. organic chemistry, catalysis, sensors, nanotechnology, biomedicine and nanomedicine, and environmental chemistry) where these nebulizers have great potential. Non-conventional applications of nebulizers such as aerosol-assisted synthesis nanoparticles and ultrasonic nebulization extraction are also presented.

Airborne Microplastics: Analysis, Fate and Human Health Effects, Volume 105 in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors.

Colorimetry is concerned with the measurement of, and discrimination between, colours. These are important topics in a wide range of the physical sciences, life sciences, and computing and engineering. Examples of specific areas where the techniques of colorimetry are used are: manufacturers of paints, textiles, plastics and cosmetics (and quality controllers in these industries), those interested in the effect of light in human environments (for example, in terms of its direct effects on the eye, laser safety and design of eye protection and ergonomics of hospital lighting), psychology, physiology and those involved in the technical aspects of photography. The book presents the physiological background behind how colour is perceived and discusses sources of visible radiation, before going on to describe in detail colorimetric techniques for measuring and discriminating between colours. Applications of these techniques are discussed and relevant mathematical data is provided. The book gives a comprehensive account of the physiological aspects of colour, the development of photometry and colorimetry, and applications of colorimetry in a single volume.

Big Data Analytics in Chemoinformatics and Bioinformatics: With Applications to Computer-Aided Drug Design, Cancer Biology, Emerging Pathogens and Computational Toxicology provides an up-to-date presentation of big data analytics methods and their applications in diverse fields. The proper management of big data for decision-making in scientific and social issues is of paramount importance. This book gives researchers the tools they need to solve big data problems in these fields. It begins with a section on general topics that all readers will find useful and continues with specific sections covering a range of interdisciplinary applications. Here, an international team of leading experts review their respective fields and present their latest research findings, with case studies used throughout to analyze and present key information.

Practical Application of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Research and Development provides a valuable "go-to" reference for many difficult-to-solve challenges using pertinent chromatographic theory, first-hand case studies, and examples provided from academic and industry experts. This text also enables professors teaching an analytical instrumental course to introduce and instruct students about one of the most sustainable and powerful separation methods currently available. While the text has broad applicability across industrial sectors, it focuses primarily on application in the pharmaceutical industry. The book is designed to allow readers to align current HPLC/UHPLC capabilities with SFC as an orthogonal tool for project specific methods in the pharmaceutical industry. It highlights where SFC falls on the spectrum of useful chromatographic tools for routine and challenging separative methods. Experienced HPLC users who are interested in developing knowledge in orthogonal separation techniques, as well as newcomers to the field of separation science, will find this text particularly useful. Chapters address where SFC may fit the analytical needs of the pharmaceutical industry and alert the readers as to where the technique will not fit. Readers will gain an understanding of how and where SFC may be applied and adapted more routinely across the pharmaceutical industry as a 'green' way of undertaking separation opportunities and challenges. Areas within the pharmaceutical industry include early drug discovery, process chemistry, and late stage development and manufacturing.

Metal Chalcogenide Biosensors: Fundamentals and Applications provides an overview of advances in materials development of chalcogenides for use in biosensing and sensing applications. The metal chalcogenides discussed include highly reactive metals, noble metals and transition metals. Particular attention is given to the morphology, porosity, structure and fabrication of materials for biosensing applications. The connection between the chalcogenides' physical and chemical properties and device performance is explored. Key parameters for biosensor devices are investigated such as thermodynamics, kinetics, selectivity, sensitivity, efficiency and durability to aid in materials selection. Finally, a range of biosensor devices are addressed including gas biosensors, chemical biosensors, environment biosensors and biological molecule sensors. This book is suitable for those in the fields of materials science and engineering, chemistry and physics.

Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry, Volume 18 in this important serial, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Atomistic modelling of surface plasmon resonances, Recent Advances in Solvation Modelling Applications: Chemical Properties, Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis, Entropy considerations in catalysis, High level computational chemistry methods, and Computational Organofluorine chemistry.

Nanotechnology-Based E-Noses: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications reviews advances in nanomaterials and their modification for use in e-sensors. Theoretical understanding of nanomaterials and technologies for improving sensors with better detection limits are covered, as are the most relevant nanomaterials, their synthesis strategies and the relationship between properties and device performance. Current state-of-the-art progress in nanotechnology device fabrication, along with directions for future applications and challenges are also discussed. This book will be an ideal resource for materials scientists, engineers, chemists, researchers in academia and R&D in industry. Recently, "e-noses" or "electronic sensors" are emerging as advanced technologies for the fast detection of chemicals, gases and explosives. The concept behind the "e-nose" is similar to the capability of humans and dogs in detecting materials based on odors. Nanomaterials can be used for e-nose technologies but their properties must be modified to make them effective sensors. The sensing capability and performance these materials depend on several factors such as morphology, dopants, micro-additives, design of sensors, phase and structure of the nanomaterials.

Carbon Dots in Analytical Chemistry: Detection and Imaging explores recent progress in the field of carbon dots synthesis and properties and their integration with various miniaturized analytical devices for the detection of chemical species and imaging of cells. This book is dedicated to exploring the potential applications of carbon dots in analytical chemistry for clinical microbiology, pharmaceutical analysis and environmental analysis. Sections cover synthetic approaches and properties, sample preparation, analytical techniques for the detection of chemical species, imaging of molecules and cells, and analytical tools for biomedical and food analysis. The will be a valuable book for analytical and materials scientists, physical and chemical scientists, and engineers investigating the use of carbon nanomaterials in their analytical procedures.

Environmental Nanotechnology: Implications and Applications, Volume 99 focuses on the implications and applications of Environmental Nanotechnology. The book presents the various methods used for the production and characterization of nanoparticles, and includes chapters on Nanoparticles: An overview, Nanomaterials and photocatalysis for environment: Applications and characterization, Toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles, Overview of nanoparticles technology usage for water treatment with an emphasis on the emerging water pollutants, Nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, Nanomaterials for groundwater remediation, Development of nano-sensor and biosensor as an air pollution detection technique for the foreseeable future, and more. Additional chapters in this comprehensive release include Nanomaterials as a tool for soil remediation in sustainable agriculture, Impact of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment, Nanoparticles in solid waste: Impact and management strategies, and Global regulations and legislations on nanoparticles usage and application in diverse horizons.

Particle Separation Techniques: Fundamentals, Instrumentation, and Selected Applications presents the latest research in the field of particle separation methods. This edited book authored by subject specialists is logically organized in sections, grouping the separation techniques according to their preparative or analytical purposes and the particle type. Along with the traditional and classical separation methods suitable for micronic particles, an update survey of techniques appropriate for nanoparticle characterization is presented. This book fills the gap in the literature of particle suspension analysis of a synthetic but comprehensive manual, helping the reader to identify and apply selected techniques. It provides an overview of the techniques available to a reader who is not an expert on particle separation yet about to enter the field, design an experiment, or buy an instrument for his/her new lab.

Sensing Tools and Techniques for COVID-19: Developments and Challenges in Analysis and Detection of Coronavirus helps readers understand the basic principles of sensor development. Sections give a brief overview of the physical and chemical properties of sensing tools and the basics of techniques. With recent advancements in sensing technology, various smart materials and techniques are now being employed for new purposes. In addition, biosensing devices can be tuned at the molecular level to perform better detection of COVID-19. This book covers the various approaches for the development and fabrication of biosensor systems for the analysis of the novel coronavirus. In addition, the book discusses the commercialization and standardization of biosensing technology, along with future perspectives on biosensor technologies used for the analysis and treatment of COVID-19. This book will serve as an up-to-date source of trusted information on biosensor tools and techniques for the analysis of COVID-19.

Green Approaches for Chemical Analysis addresses emerging trends and technologies for the development of green analytical methods. The book covers basic principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and describes the most up-to-date strategies used in areas such as sample preparation, instrumental analysis, and use and synthesis of green solvents and sorbents for separation. Many applications of analytical methods are discussed from a "green perspective," such as multiresidue analysis, metabolomics, food analysis, environmental monitoring, and bio-clinical applications. Written by experts in their fields, the book's chapters offer a variety of green analytical solutions readers can apply to their own analytical needs.

Essentials in Modern HPLC Separations, Second Edition discusses the role of separation in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This new and updated edition systematically presents basic concepts as well as new developments in HPLC. Starting with a description of basic concepts, it provides important guidance for the practical utilization of various HPLC procedures, such as the selection of the HPLC type, proper choice of the chromatographic column, selection of mobile phase and selection of the method of detection, all of which are in correlation with the physico-chemical characteristics of the compounds separated. Every chapter has been carefully reviewed, with several new sections added to bring the book completely up-to-date. Hence, it is a valuable reference for students and professors in chemistry.

Rare Earth Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Materials for Luminescence Responsive Chemical Sensors primarily focuses on rare earth functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrid materials for sensing applications. Sections cover an introduction to the field and key concepts like luminescence, rare earth ion luminescence and luminescence response for chemical sensing. Other section emphasize the luminescence response mode and sensing mechanisms of these important materials, including single mode and dual mode sensing, as well as chemical sensing mechanisms. Final sections outline different kinds of sensing analytes by rare earth functionalized MOFs hybrids and delve into emerging application. This book is suitable for materials scientists and engineers, materials chemists, chemists and chemical engineers. In addition, the material is appropriate for those working in academia and R&D in industry.