Analytical nanoscience and nanotechnology is a growing topic that is expected to have a great impact in the field of analytical chemistry. Many of the exceptional properties of gold nanoparticles make them suitable for different analytical applications and these applications allow extrapolations for their use in other fields as well. In analytical chemistry gold nanoparticles play two main roles, namely: i) As target analytes in the realm of the analysis of the nanoworld; and ii) As tools to improve analytical processes, such as the use of gold nanoparticles as components of electrodes, in spectroscopic techniques and (bio)chemical sensors and lateral flow sensors. This book is a comprehensive review of the role of gold nanoparticles in analytical nanoscience and nanotechnology, with chapters devoted to their synthesis, physico-chemical characteristics, derivatization and potential toxicity. The main microscopic, spectroscopic and separation techniques for the characterization are reviewed as well as the developments for their determination in environmental, biological and agrifood samples.

This thesis mainly focuses on the design and synthesis of novel multifunctional nanoprobes, investigating their feasibility for applications involving sensing, molecular imaging, and the simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Above all, it discusses the development of innovative nanomaterials to address the issues limiting the effectiveness of currently available nanoprobes such as the synthesis shortcoming and poor performance in sensing, imaging and therapeutic applications. One of the strengths of this thesis is its integration of knowledge from chemistry, materials science and biomedicine. Further, it presents the theoretical fundamentals in the design of nanoprobes, which can offer guidance for future studies on the development of novel multifunctional nanomaterials with significantly enhanced performance.

Bio-Inorganic compounds are successfully applied as therapeutic agents since decades. Thus, scientist designed new metal complexes bearing biomolecules as ligands, investigating their potential as bioactive and therapeutic agents. This book presents a comprehensive overview on materials design, substance classes and their characterization. This book is compiled for scientists interested in medical application of bioinspired materials.

Modern Instrumental Analysis covers the fundamentals of instrumentation and provides a thorough review of the applications of this technique in the laboratory. It will serve as an educational tool as well as a first reference book for the practicing instrumental analyst. The text covers five major sections:
1. Overview, Sampling, Evaluation of Physical Properties, and Thermal Analysis
2. Spectroscopic Methods
3. Chromatographic Methods
4. Electrophoretic and Electrochemical Methods
5. Combination Methods, Unique Detectors, and Problem Solving
Each section has a group of chapters covering important aspects of the titled subject, and each chapter includes applications that illustrate the use of the methods. The chapters also include an appropriate set of review questions.
* Covers the fundamentals of instrumentation as well as key applications
* Each chapter includes review questions that reinforce concepts
* Serves as a quick reference and comprehensive guidebook for practitioners and students alike

"Fundamentals of Advanced Omics Technologies: From Genes to Metabolites" covers the fundamental aspects of the new instrumental and methodological developments in omics technologies, including those related to genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics, as well as other omics approaches such as glycomics, peptidomics and foodomics. The principal applications are presented in the following complementary volume.

The chapters discuss in detail omics technologies, DNA microarray analysis, next-generation sequencing technologies, genome-wide analysis of methylation and histone modifications, emerging nanotechniques in proteomics, imaging mass spectrometry in proteomics, recent quantitative proteomics approaches, and advances in high-resolution NMR-based metabolomics, as well as MS-based non-targeted metabolomics and metabolome analysis by CE-MS, global glycomics analyses, foodomics, and high resolution analytical tools for quantitative peptidomics. Key aspects related to chemometrics, bioinformatics, data treatment, data integration and systems biology, deep-sequencing data analysis, statistical approaches for the analysis of microarray data, the integration of transcriptome and metabolome data and computational approaches for visualization and integration of omics data are also covered.
Covers the latest advances in instrumentation, experimental design, sample preparation, and data analysisProvides thorough explanations and descriptions of specific omics technologiesDescribes advanced tools and methodologies for data pretreatment, storage, curation and analysis, as well as data integration

Tandem Mass Spectrometry Edited by F. W. McLafferty More than 50 contributors, representing 32 of the world's leading research groups in mass spectrometry, examine the fundamentals, methods, instrumentation and applications of MS/MS, as well as promising new directions. The book describes the general types of MS/MS applications, primarily trace analysis in complex mixture, molecular structure elucidation, and gaseous ion reaction mechanisms; basic methods and theory, including the production and dissociation of characteristic ions; the principal types of instruments employed; special techniques; and applications of MS/MS in numerous fields. 506 pp. (0 471-86597-4) 1983 Molecular Luminescence Spectroscopy Methods and Applications, Part One Edited by Stephen G. Schulman Providing encyclopedic coverage, the author examines the applications of fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence spectra to the analysis of organic and inorganic compounds. The book features discussions of topics never presented in an analytical text, such as excited state optical activity and bioinorganic luminescence spectroscopy, and exhaustive reviews of fluorescence and phosphorescence of pharmaceuticals. Chapters on fluorescence detection in chromatography and luminescence immunoassay are the most up-to-date treatments available on these subjects. 826 pp. (0 471-86848-5) 1985 Auger Electron Spectroscopy M. Thompson, M. Baker, A. Christie, and J. Tyson After comparing AES with other techniques in the general field of electron spectroscopy, this book reviews the fundamentals and theories underlying the AES effect. The authors--experienced users of AES--offer an easy-to-follow summary of procedures alongwith generic descriptions of equipment components. The book also deals with a sequence of studies of gas phase spectra from rare gases to metals to molecules. Chemical aspects of the methods are discussed, followed by a particularly comprehensive description of AES with reference to materials science. 375 pp. (0 471-04377-X) 1985

"Environmental Forensics for Persistent Organic Pollutants" represents the state-of-the-art in environmental forensics in relation to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The book is a complete reference for practitioners and students, covering a range of topics from new analytical techniques to regulatory and legal status in the global community.

Through case studies from leading international experts, real-world issues - including the allocation of responsibility for release into the environment - are resolved through the application of advanced analytical and scientific techniques. This book introduces and assesses the development of new techniques and technologies to trace the source and fate of newly emerging and classic POPs (perfluoroalkyl substances, brominated flame retardants, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls) in environmental media, including atmospheric, marine, freshwater, and urban environments.
Real-world case studies show the application of advanced analytical and scientific techniquesDiscussion of GC*GC provides an introduction and assessment of a novel technique from leaders in the fieldIntroduces the development of new analytical techniques (such as 2-D GC*HC and LC*LC) to trace the source and fateRaises awareness about the health and environmental impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)Outlines the development of international measures to control POPs so that chemists can understand the legal issues

This volume offers 11 papers that cover the wide spectrum of influences on Rudolf Carnap's seminal work, Der Logische Aufbau der Welt (The Logical Structure of the World). Along the way, it covers a host of topics related to this important philosophical work, including logic, theories of order, science, hermeneutics, and mathematics in the Aufbau, as the work is commonly termed. The book uncovers the influences of such neglected figures as Gerhards, Driesch, Ziehen, and Ostwald. It also presents new evidence on influences of well-known figures in philosophy, including Husserl, Rickert, Schlick, and Neurath. In addition, the book offers comparisons of the Aufbau with the work of contemporary scientists such as Weyl and Wiener as well as features new archival findings on the early Carnap.This book will appeal to researchers and students with an interest in the history and philosophy of science, history of analytic philosophy, the philosophy of the Vienna Circle, and the philosophy in interwar Germany and Austria.

"Analysis, Removal, Effects and Risk of Pharmaceuticals in the Water Cycle" provides an overview of the current analytical methods for trace determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. The book also reviews the fate and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle for their elimination in wastewater and drinking water treatment, focusing on the newest developments in treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors and advanced oxidation processes.

Pharmaceutically active substances are a class of new, so-called emerging contaminants that have raised great concern in recent years. Human and veterinary drugs are continuously being released into the environment mainly as a result of the manufacturing processes, the disposal of unused or expired products, and via excreta. The analytical methodology for the determination of trace pharmaceuticals in complex environmental matrices is still evolving, and the number of methods described in the literature has grown considerably. This volume leads the way, keeping chemistry students, toxicologists, engineers, wastewater managers and related professionals current with developments in this quickly evolving area.
Covers the latest developments in trace determinationsConcise and critical compilation of the recent literature Focuses on new treatment technologies

This comprehensive presentation of the integral equation method as applied to electro-analytical experiments is suitable for electrochemists, mathematicians and industrial chemists. The discussion focuses on how integral equations can be derived for various kinds of electroanalytical models. The book begins with models independent of spatial coordinates, goes on to address models in one dimensional space geometry and ends with models dependent on two spatial coordinates. Bieniasz considers both semi-infinite and finite spatial domains as well as ways to deal with diffusion, convection, homogeneous reactions, adsorbed reactants and ohmic drops. Bieniasz also discusses mathematical characteristics of the integral equations in the wider context of integral equations known in mathematics. Part of the book is devoted to the solution methodology for the integral equations. As analytical solutions are rarely possible, attention is paid mostly to numerical methods and relevant software. This book includes examples taken from the literature and a thorough literature overview with emphasis on crucial aspects of the integral equation methodology.

This book presents a state-of-the-art summary and critical analysis of work recently performed in leading research laboratories around the world on the implementation of metal oxide nanomaterial research methodologies for the discovery and optimization of new sensor materials and sensing systems. The book provides a detailed description and analysis of (i) metal oxide nanomaterial sensing principles, (ii) advances in metal oxide nanomaterial synthesis/deposition methods, including colloidal, emulsification, and vapor processing techniques, (iii) analysis of techniques utilized for the development of low temperature metal oxide nanomaterial sensors, thus enabling a broader impact into sensor applications, (iv) advances, challenges and insights gained from the in situ/ex situ analysis of reaction mechanisms, and (v) technical development and integration challenges in the fabrication of sensing arrays and devices.

This book presents worked examples of five analytical procedures. These practical examples address traceability, validation and measurement uncertainty aspects in a systematic and consistent way, and cover applications in the analysis of water, food, as well as ores and minerals. This concept is based on the experiences of the TrainMiCc program, in which more than 9000 laboratory professionals all over Europe have participated.

Zacarias Leon's thesis describes the development and validation of analytical methods to estimate the processes set in motion by percutaneous absorption of UV filters in sunscreen cosmetic products. Leon describes these methods in both in vitro and non-invasive in vivo methodologies. Currently dermatologists recommend the use of sunscreen products not only under conditions of extreme exposure to the sun but also in daily situations. However the chemical compounds in these products contain may lead to undesired processes and cause induced toxicity, estrogenic effects and endocrine activity. Leon establishes methods to investigate these effects and provides valuable information on the undesired side effects associated with the use of UV filters found in sunscreen products. The work in this thesis has led to a number of publications in renowned analytical chemistry journals.

Molecular imprinting is a rapidly growing field with wide-ranging applications, especially in the area of sensor development, where the process leads to improved sensitivity, reliability, stability, and reproducibility in sensing materials. Molecularly Imprinted Sensors in Analytical Chemistry addresses the most recent advances and challenges relating to molecularly imprinted polymer sensors, and is the only book to compile this information in a single source. From fundamentals to applications, this material will be valuable to researchers working in sensing technologies for pharmaceutical separation and chemical analysis, environmental monitoring and protection, defense and security, and healthcare.
Provides a systematic introduction to the different types of MIP-based sensors and reviews the basic principles behind each type of sensor

Includes state-of-the-art methodology supported by comparisons and discussions from leading experts in the field

Covers all types of sensing modes (optical, electrochemical, thermal, acoustic, etc.), materials and platforms

Appeals to a multidisciplinary audience of scientists and graduate students in a wide variety of fields, including chemistry, biology, biomedical science and engineering, and materials science and engineering

Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have a wide range of applications in clinical, environmental, food and pharmaceutical analysis as well as further uses in chemistry and life sciences. Based on his profound experience as a researcher in ISEs and a course instructor, the author summarizes current knowledge for advanced teaching and training purposes with a particular focus on ionophore-based ISEs. Coverage includes the basics of measuring with ISEs, essential membrane potential theory and a comprehensive overview of the various classes of ion-selective electrodes. The principles of constructing ISEs are outlined, and the transfer of methods into routine analysis is considered. Advanced students, researchers, and practitioners will benefit from this expedient introduction.

The use of isoconversional kinetic methods for analysis of thermogravimetric and calorimetric data on thermally stimulated processes is quickly growing in popularity. The purpose of this book is to create the first comprehensive resource on the theory and applications of isoconversional methodology. The book introduces the reader to the kinetics of physical and chemical condensed phase processes that occur as a result of changing temperature and discusses how isoconversional analysis can provide important kinetic insights into them. The book will help the readers to develop a better understanding of the methodology, and promote its efficient usage and successful development.

EPR of Free Radicals in Solids: Trends in Methods and Applications, 2nd ed. presents a critical two volume review of the methods and applications of EPR (ESR) for the study of free radical processes in solids. Emphasis is on the progress made in the developments in EPR technology, in the application of sophisticated matrix isolation techniques and in the advancement in quantitative EPR that have occurred since the 1st edition was published. Improvements have been made also at theoretical level, with the development of methods based on first principles and their application to the calculation of magnetic properties as well as in spectral simulations. EPR of Free Radicals in Solids II focuses on the trends in applications of experimental and theoretical methods to extract structural and dynamical properties of radicals and spin probes in solid matrices by continuous wave (CW) and pulsed techniques in nine chapters written by experts in the field. It examines the studies involving radiation- and photo-induced inorganic and organic radicals in inert matrices, the high-spin molecules and metal-based molecular clusters as well as the radical pro-cesses in photosynthesis. Recent advancements in environmental applications in-cluding measurements by myon resonance of radicals on surfaces and by quantitative EPR in dosimetry are outlined and the applications of optical detection in material research with much increased sensitivity reviewed. The potential use of EPR in quantum computing is considered in a newly written chapter. This new edition is aimed to experimentalists and theoreticians in research involving free radicals, as well as for students of advanced courses in physical chemis-try, chemical physics, materials science, biophysics, biochemistry and related fields.

As a spectroscopic method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has seen spectacular growth, both as a technique and in its applications. Today's applications of NMR span a wide range of scientific disciplines, from physics to biology to medicine. Each volume of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance comprises a combination of annual and biennial reports which together provide comprehensive coverage of the literature on this topic. This Specialist Periodical Report reflects the growing volume of published work involving NMR techniques and applications, in particular NMR of natural macromolecules, which is covered in two reports: NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids and NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes. In his foreword to the first volume, the then editor, Professor Robin Harris announced that the series would be a discussion on the phenomena of NMR and that articles will be critical surveys of the literature. This has certainly remained the case throughout the series, and in line with its predecessors, Volume 40 aims to provide a comprehensive coverage of the relevant NMR literature. For the current volume this relates to publications appearing between June 2009 and May 2010 (the nominal period of coverage in volume 1 was July 1970 to June 1971). Compared to the previous volume there are some new members of the reporting team. Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings are covered by J. Jazwinski, while E. Swiezewska and J.Wojcik provide an account of NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes.

This new edition of a successful, bestselling book continues to provide you with practical information on the use of statistical methods for solving real-world problems in complex industrial environments. Complete with examples from the chemical and pharmaceutical laboratory and manufacturing areas, this thoroughly updated book clearly demonstrates how to obtain reliable results by choosing the most appropriate experimental design and data evaluation methods.

Unlike other books on the subject, Statistical Methods in Analytical Chemistry, Second Edition presents and solves problems in the context of a comprehensive decision-making process under GMP rules: Would you recommend the destruction of a $100,000 batch of product if one of four repeat determinations barely fails the specification limit? How would you prevent this from happening in the first place? Are you sure the calculator you are using is telling the truth? To help you control these situations, the new edition:

• Covers univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data
• Features case studies from the pharmaceutical and chemical industries demonstrating typical problems analysts encounter and the techniques used to solve them
• Offers information on ancillary techniques, including a short introduction to optimization, exploratory data analysis, smoothing and computer simulation, and recapitulation of error propagation
• Boasts numerous Excel files and compiled Visual Basic programs–no statistical table lookups required!
• Uses Monte Carlo simulation to illustrate the variability inherent in statistically indistinguishable data sets

Statistical Methods in Analytical Chemistry, Second Edition is an excellent, one-of-a-kind resource for laboratory scientists and engineers and project managers who need to assess data reliability; QC staff, regulators, and customers who want to frame realistic requirements and specifications; as well as educators looking for real-life experiments and advanced students in chemistry and pharmaceutical science.

From the reviews of Statistical Methods in Analytical Chemistry, First Edition:

"This book is extremely valuable. The authors supply many very useful programs along with their source code. Thus, the user can check the authenticity of the result and gain a greater understanding of the algorithm from the code. It should be on the bookshelf of every analytical chemist. "—Applied Spectroscopy

"The authors have compiled an interesting collection of data to illustrate the application of statistical methods . . . including calibrating, setting detection limits, analyzing ANOVA data, analyzing stability data, and determining the influence of error propagation." —Clinical Chemistry

"The examples are taken from a chemical/pharmaceutical environment, but serve as convenient vehicles for the discussion of when to use which test, and how to make sense out of the results. While practical use of statistics is the major concern, it is put into perspective, and the reader is urged to use plausibility checks."& mdash;Journal of Chemical Education

"The discussion of univariate statistical tests is one of the more thorough I have seen in this type of book.... The treatment of linear regression is also thorough, and a complete set of equations for uncertainty in the results is presented.... The bibliography is extensive and will serve as a valuable resource for those seeking more information on virtually any topic covered in the book."—Journal of American Chemical Society

This book treats the application of statistics to analytical chemistry in a very practical manner. [It] integrates PC computing power, testing programs, and analytical know-how in the context of good manufacturing practice/good laboratory practice (GMP/GLP).... The book is of value in many fields of analytical chemistry and should be available in all relevant libraries." —Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems

Reviews in Fluorescence 2016, the tenth volume of the book serial from Springer, serves as a comprehensive collection of current trends and emerging hot topics in the field of fluorescence and closely related disciplines. It summarizes the year's progress in fluorescence and its applications, with authoritative reviews specialized enough to be attractive to professional researchers, yet also appealing to the wider audience of scientists in related disciplines of fluorescence. Reviews in Fluorescence offers an essential reference material for any research lab or company working in the fluorescence field and related areas. All academics, bench scientists, and industry professionals wishing to take advantage of the latest and greatest in the continuously emerging field of fluorescence will find it an invaluable resource.

Looking at the literature available, it is clear that there is a need for a book on LC-MS applications in environmental analysis. This book endeavours to answer the following questions: What interface to use to solve "my detection problem"? Can I obtain enough sensitivity for the confirmation of my compound in real-world environmental samples? Is there enough structural information?

The present book aims to provide a critical evaluation of LC-MS in environmental chemistry and it is structured in different areas. Apart from an introductory section with fundamental aspects, application areas using the most relevant interfacing systems (PB, TSP, ES) for the characterization of environmental compounds are included. In this sense, applications are discussed on the characterization of the most relevant compounds of environmental interest such as pesticides, detergents, dyes, polar metabolites, waste streams, organotin compounds and marine toxins with comparison between different interfacing systems. Finally, new methods and strategies in LC-MS, e.g. the use of capillary electrophoresis, MS together with on-line post-column systems in LC-MS are also shown.

By the nature of its content and written as it is by experienced practitioners, the book is intended to serve as a practical reference for analytical chemists who need to use LC-MS in environmental studies. Each chapter includes sufficient references to the literature to serve as a valuable starting point and also contains detailed investigations. The broad spectrum of the book and its application to environmental priority compounds makes it unique in many ways.

Science of Heat and Thermophysical Studies provides a non-traditional bridging of historical, philosophical, societal and scientific aspects of heat with a comprehensive approach to the field of generalized thermodynamics. It involves Greek philosophical views and their impact on the development of contemporary ideas.
Covered topics include:

the concept of heat
thermometry and calorimetry
early concepts of temperature and its gradients
non-equilibrium and quantum thermodynamics
chemical kinetics
entropy, order and information
thermal science applied to economy(econophysics), ecosystems, and process dynamics or mesoscopic scales (quantum diffusion)
importance of energy science and its influence to societal life