This textbook provides an accessible introduction to various energy transformation technologies and their influences on the environment. Here the energy transformation is understood as any physical process induced by humans, in which energy is intentionally transformed from one form to another. This book provides an accessible introduction to the subject: covering the theory, principles of design, operation, and efficiency of the systems in addition to discerning concepts such as energy, entropy, exergy, efficiency, and sustainability. It is not assumed that readers have any previous exposure to such concepts as laws of thermodynamics, entropy, exergy, fluid mechanics or heat transfer, and is therefore an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate students. Key features: Represents a complete source of information on sustainable energy transformation systems and their externalities. Includes all existing and major emerging technologies in the field. Chapters include numerous examples and problems for further learning opportunities.

This textbook provides an accessible introduction to various energy transformation technologies and their influences on the environment. Here the energy transformation is understood as any physical process induced by humans, in which energy is intentionally transformed from one form to another. This book provides an accessible introduction to the subject: covering the theory, principles of design, operation, and efficiency of the systems in addition to discerning concepts such as energy, entropy, exergy, efficiency, and sustainability. It is not assumed that readers have any previous exposure to such concepts as laws of thermodynamics, entropy, exergy, fluid mechanics or heat transfer, and is therefore an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate students. Key features: Represents a complete source of information on sustainable energy transformation systems and their externalities. Includes all existing and major emerging technologies in the field. Chapters include numerous examples and problems for further learning opportunities.

This volume provides detailed, up-to-date methods used in research on Atherosclerosis. Chapters guide readers through an overview of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and model systems together with in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo and emerging methods in atherosclerosis research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Atherosclerosis: Methods and Protocols serves as an invaluable resource for those engaging in research on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as for researchers who are new to the field and students at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level.

Explains the basis of wave mechanics in fluid systems. Provides tools for the analysis of water waves, sound waves, internal gravity, and rotating fluid waves through different examples. Includes comprehensible mathematical derivations at the expense of fewer theoretical topics. Reviews cases describable by linear theory and cases requiring nonlinear and wave-interaction theories. Supports concepts with narrative examples, illustrations, and case studies.

Acclaimed biomedical scientist Charles DeLisi tells the story of the rewards and frustrations of a life in science. The memoir spans half a century beginning in grade school when we find a somewhat shy boy deeply affected by the profoundly saddening sight of trees and woods in his beloved Bronx neighborhood being displaced by tons of steel and concrete. The reader is taken inside the mind of a complex non-conformist as he struggles with personal tragedy and ambivalence and moves from physics to history back to physics, and eventually into a career as a biomedical scientist. Among the most important parts of the memoir are his personal recollections of the years as director of the Department of Energy's Health and Environmental Research Programs when he fought the mighty battles that would move two Federal Agencies and place the Human Genome Project, including a unique ethical component, on the National Agenda. We watch an uncannily successful strategist and leader; who sees himself as an ordinary person, distinguished only by an intense passion for science, as he and his colleagues successfully engage Congressmen, his superiors at the DOE, and scientists of different backgrounds. The story closes where it began, with environmental change dominating the emotional landscape, as he and his colleagues struggle to fight the battle against a changing climate.

Acclaimed biomedical scientist Charles DeLisi tells the story of the rewards and frustrations of a life in science. The memoir spans half a century beginning in grade school when we find a somewhat shy boy deeply affected by the profoundly saddening sight of trees and woods in his beloved Bronx neighborhood being displaced by tons of steel and concrete. The reader is taken inside the mind of a complex non-conformist as he struggles with personal tragedy and ambivalence and moves from physics to history back to physics, and eventually into a career as a biomedical scientist. Among the most important parts of the memoir are his personal recollections of the years as director of the Department of Energy's Health and Environmental Research Programs when he fought the mighty battles that would move two Federal Agencies and place the Human Genome Project, including a unique ethical component, on the National Agenda. We watch an uncannily successful strategist and leader; who sees himself as an ordinary person, distinguished only by an intense passion for science, as he and his colleagues successfully engage Congressmen, his superiors at the DOE, and scientists of different backgrounds. The story closes where it began, with environmental change dominating the emotional landscape, as he and his colleagues struggle to fight the battle against a changing climate.

Currently, the reliance on fossil fuels raises concerns on the increasing global energy demand, the rapid anthropogenic climate changes and growing environmental problems. The grand challenge is to search for viable carbon-neutral sources of renewable energy. Nanomaterials are arguably the base that integrates nanotechnology, information technology, and biotechnology; the major drivers of technological development today. Over the past decades, the understanding of form-function relations surrounding nanomaterials has significantly brightened the prospects of the transition from fossil fuels to solar fuels. This book introduces the latest developments in nanomaterials aimed at the applications in clean energy areas. It overviews the close link between nanomaterials development and energy applications from the experience and perspective of the authors. It discusses the bottom-up synthesis and interface engineering of new materials of different dimensions and describes their applications in future energy devices such as secondary batteries, novel solar cells, luminescent devices, and water splitting electrolyzers. .

The Unity of Science presents a unique overview of natural phenomena and foundations of different technologies (chemistry, electronics, optics, etc.). It explores the connections and unified foundations of diverse scientific and technological fields. The author explains how much of Nature (at the very small and very large scales) and most of our technology can be understood/derived from a few basic principles or concepts (Newton and Coulomb's laws, special relativity, Schrodinger's equation and the concept of entropy). Additional features include: Uses a systematic derivation of Statistical Mechanics from information theory, a connection central understanding the brain and the functioning of Deep Learning networks. Explains how combining special relativity with electrostatics allows one to understand magnetic phenomena. Details how the unification of special relativity with QM allows one to understand the origin of anti-matter and spin (Dirac's equation). This book is ideal for students of chemistry, material sciences and engineering and professionals with an engineering/scientific/mathematical background.

Generally, spontaneous pattern formation phenomena are random and repetitive, whereas elaborate devices are the deterministic product of human design.
Yet, biological organisms and collective insect constructions are exceptional examples of complex systems that are both self-organized and architectural.
This book is the first initiative of its kind toward establishing a new field of research, Morphogenetic Engineering, to explore the modeling and implementation of self-architecturing systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the programmability and computational abilities of self-organization, properties that are often underappreciated in complex systems science while, conversely, the benefits of self-organization are often underappreciated in engineering methodologies.
Altogether, the aim of this work is to provide a framework for and examples of a larger class of self-architecturing systems, while addressing fundamental questions such as
> How do biological organisms carry out morphogenetic tasks so reliably?
> Can we extrapolate their self-formation capabilities to engineered systems?
> Can physical systems be endowed with information (or informational systems be embedded in physics) so as to create autonomous morphologies and functions?
> What are the core principles and best practices for the design and engineering of such morphogenetic systems?
The intended audience consists of researchers and graduate students who are working on, starting to work on, or interested in programmable self-organizing systems in a wide range of scientific fields, including computer science, robotics, bioengineering, control engineering, physics, theoretical biology, mathematics, and many others.

Discusses advances in the computation of phase diagrams Offers expanded treatment of eutectic solidification with practical examples and new coverage of ternary phase diagrams, covering the concepts of orthoequilibrium and paraequilibrium Updates discussion of bainite transformation to reflect current opinions Includes new case studies covering grain refiners in aluminium alloys, additive manufacturing, thin film growth, important aerospace Al-Li alloys, and quenched and partitioned steels, and metastable austenitic stainless steels. Each chapter now begins with a list of key concepts, includes simpler illustrative exercises with relevance to real practical applications, and references to scientific publications updated to reflect experimental and computational advances in metallurgy

The Hip Joint, written in 2016, provides a detailed account of the hip joint's anatomy and biomechanics and covers recent trends in orthopaedic surgery of the hip joint, including the latest advances in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), computer-assisted navigation for THA, resurfacing of the hip joint and neoplastic conditions around the hip as well as indications, complications and outcomes of hip arthroscopy. Another book, The Hip Joint in Adults: Advances and Developments, gives additional important details of how hip joint surgery has evolved around the world. While much of the basic knowledge in this area is constant, it is critically important to stay current on those areas that do change. This updated second edition of The Hip Joint contains a host of original articles from contributory authors all around the world, showing the evolution of the hip joint till the present day, building upon the solid foundation set by the first edition. It covers hot topics such as 3D printing in orthopaedics and traumatology, stem cell therapy in orthopaedics, hip resurfacing, hip-preserving surgery, sports medicine for the hip joint, robotic-assisted surgery in orthopaedics and neoplastic conditions around the hip.

The primary purpose of this book is to prepare the ground for coordinated efforts aiming to answer the question: where and when life originated. The appearance of life involves three successive stages: i) the formation of chemical elements and their combination to simple molecules, which is the concern of physicists; ii) the evolution of organized complexity in biomolecules and their reactions, which falls within the field of chemistry; iii) the onset of Darwinian evolution after the appearance of the first cell-like structure, which is studied by biologists. This book focuses on the first two steps of this process with chapters exploring topics such as chemical element abundances; galaxies, galactic magnetic fields and cosmic rays; galactic chemical evolution. Key Features: Contains extensive lists of reference and additional reading. Includes new hypotheses concerning the origin of life. Combines consideration from nuclear physics, astrophysics, astro- and geochemistry. Despite its interdisciplinary nature, this book remains accessible to nonexperts, and would be a valuable companion for both experts and laypeople.

Physical-Chemical Mechanics of Disperse Systems and Materials is a novel interdisciplinary area in the science of the disperse state of matter. It covers the broad spectrum of objects and systems with dimensions ranging from nanometers to millimeters and establishes a fundamental basis for controlling and tuning the properties of these systems as well as the processes taking place in them. Physical-chemical mechanics focuses on the analysis of the complex physical-chemical interfacial phenomena taking place both in the transition of a dispersed system into a material, such as in the course of pressing, sintering, hydration hardening, and sol-gel transitions, and in the course of the dispersion of bulk materials taking place in milling, mechanical treatment, friction and wear, and fracturing. These studies are based on thorough experimental investigation of contact interactions between particles in these processes. The book is divided into two sections. The first section covers basic principles of the formation, stability and rupture of contacts between particles in different media and in surfactant solutions, as well as the properties of coagulation structures and their rheology. The second section covers surface phenomena taking place in solid-like structures with phase contacts and in compact bodies with an emphasis on several applications and processes as well as the special role of the Rehbinder effect. Where appropriate and relevant, the book presents essays on specific significant and principal studies, such as the damageability of crystal and glass surfaces, the strength of industrial catalysts, the nano-mechanisms of cement hardening, the role of the structure-mechanical barrier in the stabilization of fluorinated systems, and contact interactions in papermaking. It also devotes attention to experimental methods used in physical-chemical mechanics, the direct measurement of contact strength, and relevant instrumentations. The book utilizes the content used over many years in lecture courses and includes fundamental material on colloid and surface chemistry, the strength of materials, rheology, and tensors, which makes it well suited for novices and experts in the field.

While modern computational methods can provide us with the wave function of a molecule in numerical form, most computer programs lack the sophisticated tools needed to extract chemical concepts from these wave functions. Saving researchers vast time and potential confusion, this volume collects and organizes those validated tools currently scattered throughout the literature and details their application. It provides immediate access for those needing to calculate such critical factors as bond order and valence indices, and atomic and diatomic contributions to molecular energy. Supporting material is available for download from the authors' continually updated website.

Provide a fundamental overview of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, its effects on the environment and other electronic goods, novel materials used for its mitigation. Includes comprehensive overview of the sources and effects of EM radiations. Explains synthesis, characterization methods, and properties of materials used to protect against the radiation. Gives an insight into the physics of EMI shielding and its associated mechanism. Examines the current state of the art and new challenges in this area

Data Mining for Bioinformatics Applications provides valuable information on the data mining methods have been widely used for solving real bioinformatics problems, including problem definition, data collection, data preprocessing, modeling, and validation. The text uses an example-based method to illustrate how to apply data mining techniques to solve real bioinformatics problems, containing 45 bioinformatics problems that have been investigated in recent research. For each example, the entire data mining process is described, ranging from data preprocessing to modeling and result validation.

Published continuously since 1944, the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series has been the essential resource for protein chemists. Each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins. Each thematically organized volume is guest edited by leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics.

Many physiological conditions such as host defense or aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes are associated with the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. This generates a condition called oxidative stress. Low levels of reactive oxygen species, however, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism, function as important signaling molecules, setting the metabolic pace of cells and regulating processes ranging from gene expression to apoptosis. For this book we would like to recruit the experts in the field of redox chemistry, bioinformatics and proteomics, redox signaling and oxidative stress biology to discuss how organisms achieve the appropriate redox balance, the mechanisms that lead to oxidative stress conditions and the physiological consequences that contribute to aging and disease.

Practical Handbook on the 3Rs in the Context of the Directive 2010/63/EU provides updated information on the EU Directive 2010/63/EU, which is the European Union legislation that protects animals being used in research. EU Directive 2010/63/EU is the European Union (EU) legislation 'on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes' and is one of the most stringent ethical and welfare standards worldwide.

Knowledge of the basic interactions that take place between geological materials and different substances is the first step in understanding the effects of adsorption and other interfacial processes on the quality of rocks and soils, and on driving these processes towards a beneficial or neutral result. Interfacial Chemistry of Rocks and Soils examines the different processes at solid and liquid interfaces of soil and rock, presenting a complete analysis that emphasizes the importance of chemical species on these interactions. This Second Edition features novel results in the field and expanded coverage of the kinetics of interfacial processes. New content includes models of heterogeneous isotope exchange, sorption isotherms for heterovalent cation exchange, as well as sorption of anions by chemically modified clays. Summarizing the results and knowledge of the authors' research in this field over several decades, this volume: Explores the individual components of the studied systems: the solid, the solution, and the interface Discusses the characteristics and thermodynamics of the interface Profiles the most important analytical methods in the study of interfacial processes Demonstrates transformations initiated by interfacial processes Outlines avenues of treatment that may solve geological, soil science, and environmental problems Drawn chiefly from the authors' years of research at the Imre Lajos Isotope Laboratory in the Department of Physical Chemistry at the University of Debrecen in Hungary, this book discusses chemical reactions on the surfaces/interfaces of soils and rocks; examines the role of these processes in environmental, colloid and geochemistry; and explores the effects on agricultural, environmental and industrial applications.

Drug Discovery with Privileged Building Blocks traces back PharmaBlock's founding philosophy of designing privileged building blocks. High-quality building blocks are crucial not only to biological activities of different molecules but also to ADMET properties, which eventually will impact the success rate of drug discovery projects. A thorough study of how building blocks perform in drug molecules and a regular analysis of new building block structures in the latest researches have proven to be a fruitful strategy to generate novel building blocks. Using this strategy, PharmaBlock has supplied the drug industry with a great number of building blocks, which are increasingly being adopted by drug hunters, and these are identified in this book. Each chapter may be read and studied without learning the previous chapters. This book will be a good starting point for novice medicinal chemists, and veteran medicinal chemists will find it useful as well. Key Feature The book covers privileged building blocks appearing most frequently on patents for novel drugs. The latest relevant tactics are explained in the context of drug design and medicinal chemistry. Key synthesis, especially large-scale synthesis, is described. The most recent literature references are cited.

Drug Discovery with Privileged Building Blocks traces back PharmaBlock's founding philosophy of designing privileged building blocks. High-quality building blocks are crucial not only to biological activities of different molecules but also to ADMET properties, which eventually will impact the success rate of drug discovery projects. A thorough study of how building blocks perform in drug molecules and a regular analysis of new building block structures in the latest researches have proven to be a fruitful strategy to generate novel building blocks. Using this strategy, PharmaBlock has supplied the drug industry with a great number of building blocks, which are increasingly being adopted by drug hunters, and these are identified in this book. Each chapter may be read and studied without learning the previous chapters. This book will be a good starting point for novice medicinal chemists, and veteran medicinal chemists will find it useful as well. Key Feature The book covers privileged building blocks appearing most frequently on patents for novel drugs. The latest relevant tactics are explained in the context of drug design and medicinal chemistry. Key synthesis, especially large-scale synthesis, is described. The most recent literature references are cited.

Black phosphorus (BP)-based two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are used as components in practical industrial applications in biomedicine, electronics, and photonics. There is a need to controllably shape engineered scalable structures of 2D BP building blocks, and their assembly/organization is desired for the formation of three-dimensional (3D) forms such as macro and hybrid architectures, as it is expected that these architectures will deliver even better materials performance in applications. Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture provides an overview of the various synthetic strategies for 2D BP single-layer nanomaterials, their scalable synthesis, properties, and assemblies into 3D architecture. The book covers defect engineering and physical properties of black phosphorous; describes different strategies for the development of 2D nanostructures of BP with other species such as polymers, organic molecules, and other inorganic materials; offers a comparative study of 3D BP structures with other 3D architectures such as dichalcogenides (TMDs, graphene, and boron nitride); and discusses in detail applications of 3D macrostructures of BP in various fields such as energy, biomedical, and catalysis. This is an essential reference for researchers and advanced students in materials science and chemical, optoelectronic, and electrical engineering.

Moving away from the long-established paradigm which holds that all political behavior is learned via socialization, this Handbook assesses the contributions of biology to political science, illustrating that behavior is in actual fact shaped by the interplay between learning and biological influences. Describing how a more biologically-oriented approach expands and enriches political science, both conceptually and in terms of its research capabilities, key chapters focus on general biological approaches to politics, biopolitical contributions to mainstream areas within political science, and linkages between biology and public policy. Providing specific examples of how Neo-Darwinism can contribute to more successful public policies, the Handbook further emphasizes the close ties between a realistic understanding of human political behavior and the likelihood that our species successfully resolves the problems that now threaten its welfare. Original and thought-provoking, this Handbook will prove an enriching read for political scientists starting to consider the value of biological factors in influencing political behavior, as well as for behavioural scientists in other areas experiencing the same paradigm shifts. Biologists will also find further grounding for their research into biological and behavioral science. Contributors include: K.Blanchard, Jr., R.H. Blank, D. Boisvert, E. Bucy, K. Butts, P.A. Corning, D. Couvet, A. Fletcher, B.J. Foster, J.M. Friend, A. Friesen, O. Funke, A. Ksiazkiewicz, M. Latner, V. Lemm, L. Liesen, J. Losco, R.D. Masters, A. Mazur, G.R. Murray, W.J. Patzelt, M.B. Petersen, S.A. Peterson, A. Somit, R.H. Sprinkle, P.A. Stewart, B.A. Thayer, J. Vaske, M. Vatter, R.F. White, T.E. Wohlers

Originally published in 1995, Creation and Evolution in the Early American Scientific Affiliation is the tenth volume in the series, Creationism in Twentieth Century America, reissued in 2021. The volume comprises of original primary sources from the American Science Affiliation, a group formed following an invitation from the president of the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago, in answer to the perceived need for an academic society for American Evangelical Scientists to explicate the relationship between science and faith. The society confronted the debate between creation and evolution head on, leaving a paper trail documenting their thoughts and struggles. This diverse and expansive collection includes 53 selections that appeared during the organisation's first two decades and focuses on the encounter between science and American evangelicalism in the twentieth century, in particular the debates surrounding the ever-increasing preference for evolutionary theory. The collection will be of especial interest to natural historians, and theologians as well as academics of philosophy, and history.