Many industrial formulations such as detergents, paints, foodstuff and cosmetics contain both surfactants and polymers and their interaction govern many of the properties. This book is unique in that it discusses the solution chemistry of both surfactants and polymers and also the interactions between the two. The book, which is based on successful courses given by the authors since 1992, is a revised and extended version of the first edition that became a market success with six reprints since 1998. Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution is broad in scope, providing both theoretical insights and practical help for those active in the area.

This book contains a thorough discussion of surfactant types and gives information of main routes of preparation. A chapter on novel surfactants has been included in the new edition. Physicochemical phenomena such as self-assembly in solution, adsorption, gel formation and foaming are discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the solution behaviour of surfactants and polymers containing polyoxyethylene chains. Surface active polymers are presented and their interaction with surfactants is a core topic of the book. Protein-surfactant interaction is also important and a new chapter deals with this issue. Microemulsions are treated in depth and several important application such as detergency and their use as media for chemical reactions are presented. Emulsions and the choice of emulsifier is discussed in some detail. The new edition also contains chapters on rheology and wetting.

Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution is aimed at those dealing with surface chemistry research at universities and with surfactant formulation in industry.

This volume focuses on recent scientific and technological developments in silicon-based (i.e., silicon nitride, SiAlONs, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride) structural ceramics. Authors from academia and industry assess the current state of the art in slilicon-based structual ceramics. Industrial case studies are advocated to highlight the development and application of these materials in real engineering environments.

The book covers all stages of process plant projects from initiation to completion and handover by describing the roles and actions of all functions involved. It discusses engineering, procurement, construction, project management, contract administration, project control and HSE, with reference to international contracting and business practices.

This book provides practical information on obtaining and using a wide variety of plant based reagents for different sectors, addressing the needs and challenges in a single resource. The chapters complement each other seamlessly and present contributions from reputed international researchers and renowned professionals from industry, covering the latest efforts in the field. The book serves as the starting point for future collaborations in the new area "Plant Based Green Chemistry" between research, industry, and education, covering large ecologic and economic applications: perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuels, or fine chemicals industries. This book is aimed at professionals from industries, academicians engaged in plant based green chemistry, researchers and graduate level students, but will also be useful to food technologists and students and researchers involved in natural products chemistry.

Stochastic Process Optimization using Aspen (R) Plus Bookshop Category: Chemical Engineering Optimization can be simply defined as "choosing the best alternative among a set of feasible options". In all the engineering areas, optimization has a wide range of applications, due to the high number of decisions involved in an engineering environment. Chemical engineering, and particularly process engineering, is not an exception; thus stochastic methods are a good option to solve optimization problems for the complex process engineering models. In this book, the combined use of the modular simulator Aspen (R) Plus and stochastic optimization methods, codified in MATLAB, is presented. Some basic concepts of optimization are first presented, then, strategies to use the simulator linked with the optimization algorithm are shown. Finally, examples of application for process engineering are discussed. The reader will learn how to link the process simulator Aspen (R) Plus and stochastic optimization algorithms to solve process design problems. They will gain ability to perform multi-objective optimization in several case studies. Key Features: * The book links simulation and optimization through numerical analyses and stochastic optimization techniques * Includes use of examples to illustrate the application of the concepts and specific guidance on the use of software (Aspen (R) Plus, Excel, MATLB) to set up and solve models representing complex problems. * Illustrates several examples of applications for the linking of simulation and optimization software with other packages for optimization purposes. * Provides specific information on how to implement stochastic optimization with process simulators. * Enable readers to identify practical and economic solutions to problems of industrial relevance, enhancing the safety, operation, environmental, and economic performance of chemical processes.

The book entails investigative methods for better understanding of the degradation process and uses of high performance paints formulation and also compares them on mild steel (MS) and weathering steel (WS) through various AC/DC electrochemical test methods and surface characterization through electron microscopy, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. This book also deals with the corrosion studies undertaken considering three phases (solid, liquid and gas) with latest techniques and the emphasis has also been given on degradation of materials due to atmospheric corrosion as this is of immense interest to present engineers and researchers. MS has got versatile application as structural steel for construction of buildings, bridges, flyovers, pipelines etc. But this is very much prone to corrosion in industrial and marine environments in presence of harmful pollutants and other industrial effluents in addition to normal humid atmosphere. These corrosion problems are much severe in a tropical country like India with vast coastline. MS corrodes relatively faster and thus leads to colossal loss in every year and to reduce this loss some kind of protection in the form of paints and coatings is always used. Painting is an effective means but quite costly amounting 10-15% of the initial construction cost of superstructures besides cost of repainting at regular interval.

By and large, the debate about the merits of including higher education services within free trade policies has occurred outside of the United States, even though the U.S. Office of the Trade Representative has specifically included higher education services in its March 2003 negotiating offer to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). This book emerged from research and conversations on the potential implications of free trade on American higher education, implications which have yet to lead to any real conversation or debate within the broad higher education community in the United States. It fills a niche in the literature on trade and higher education services by providing context and analysis of the trade issue in the American higher education context, as well as the pros and cons of free trade in higher education services from the perspectives of the U.S.-based actors.

In "Different Dispatches", David Humphries brings together in a new way a diverse group of well-known American writers of the inter-war period including: Willa Cather, Sherwood Anderson, Ernest Hemmingway, Zora Neale Hurston, James Agee and Robert Penn Warren. He demonstrates how these writers engage journalism in creating innovative texts that address mass culture as well as underlying cultural conditions. The book will be of interest to readers approaching these well-known authors for the first time or for scholars grappling with larger issues of cultural production and reception.

This is the first book to present the fundamentals of nonlinear and mixed-integer optimization. It includes their applications in the important area of process synthesis in chemical engineering. Topics that are unique include the theory and methods for mixed-integer nonlinear optimization. introduction to modelling issues in process synthesis and optimization based approaches in the synthesis and of heat recovery of systems, distillation-based systems, and reactor-based systems. As well as an ideal graduate text this book is designed as a reference for any engineering student or researcher.

This excellent book systematically identifies the issues surrounding the effective linking of project management techniques and engineering applications. It is not a technical manual, nor is it procedure--led. Instead, it encourages creative learning of project engineering methodology that can be applied and modified in different situations. In short, it offers a distillation of practical 'on--the job' experience to help project engineers perform more effectively. While this book specifically addresses process plants, the principles are applicable to other types of engineering project where multidisciplinary engineering skills are required, such as power plant and general factory construction. It focuses on the technical aspects, which typically influence the configuration of the plant as a whole, on the interface between the various disciplines involved, and the way in which work is done -- the issues central to the co--ordination of the overall engineering effort. It develops an awareness of relationships with other parties -- clients, suppliers, package contractors, and construction managers -- and of how the structure and management of these relationships impact directly on the performance of the project engineer. Readers will welcome the author's straightforward approach in tackling sensitive issues head on. COMPLETE CONTENTS* Introduction* A process plant* A project and its management* A brief overview* The engineering work and its management* The project's industrial environment* The commercial environment* The contracting environment* The economic environment* Studies and proposals* Plant layout and modelling* Value engineering and plant optimization* Hazards, loss, and safety* Specification, selection and purchase* Fluid transport* Bulk solids transport* Slurries and two--phase transport* Hydraulic design and plant drainage* Observations on multidiscipline engineering* Detail design and drafting* The organization of work* Construction* Construction contracts* Commissioning* Communication* Change and chaos* Fast--track projects* Advanced information management* Project strategy development* Key issues summary

Chemical reaction engineering is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on a commercial scale. It's goal is the successful design and operation of chemical reactors. This text emphasizes qualitative arguments, simple design methods, graphical procedures, and frequent comparison of capabilities of the major reactor types. Simple ideas are treated first, and are then extended to the more complex.

In the 1970s, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was borrowed from physics and adapted to chemistry by a handful of visionaries. Now chemical DFT is a diverse and rapidly growing field, its progress fueled by numerous developing practical descriptors that make DFT as useful as it is vast. With 34 chapters written by 65 eminent scientists from 13 different countries, Chemical Reactivity Theory: A Density Functional View represents the true collaborative spirit and excitement of purpose engendered by the study and use of DFT. This work instructs readers on how concepts from DFT can be used to describe, understand, and predict chemical reactivity. Prior knowledge is not required as early chapters, written by the field's original pioneers, cover basic ground-state DFT and its extensions to time-dependent systems, excited states, and spin-polarized molecules. While the text is accessible to senior undergraduate or beginning graduate students, experienced researchers are certain to find interesting new insights in the perspectives presented by these seasoned experts. This remarkable one-of-a-kind resource- Provides authoritative accounts on aspects of the theory of chemical reactivity Describes various global reactivity descriptors, such as electronegativity, hardness, and electrophilicity Introduces and analyzes the usefulness of local reactivity descriptors such as Fukui, shape, and electron localization functions Offers an in-depth analysis of how chemical reactivity changes during different physicochemical processes or in the presence of external perturbations The book covers a gamut of related topics such as methods for determining atoms-in-molecules, population analysis, electrostatic potential, molecular quantum similarity, aromaticity, and biological activity. It also discusses the role of reactivity concepts in industrial and other practical applications. Whether you are searching for new products or new research projects, this is the ultimate guide for understanding chemical reactivity.

First published in 1919. Tilden discusses a compilation of chemical discovery and invention to demonstrate the progress of chemistry in the early 20th century. Divided into 5 sections, chemical laboratories and the work done in them, modern discoveries and theories, modern applications of chemistry, and modern progress in organic chemistry, the author presents an overview of the subject. The final section of the book contains an account of important discoveries which find practical applications and provide new views of the constitution of the world in which we live.

Besides being one of the best Clean Coal Technologies, fluidized beds are also proving to be the most practical option for biomass conversion. Although the technology is well established, the field lacks a comprehensive guide to the design and operating principles of fluidized bed boilers and gasifiers. With more than 30 years of research and industrial experience, Prabir Basu answers this pressing need with Combustion and Gasification in Fluidized Beds.

This book is a versatile resource that explains how fluidized bed equipment works and how to use the basic principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics in design while providing insight into planning new projects, troubleshooting existing equipment, and appreciating the capabilities and limitations of the process. From hydrodynamics to construction and maintenance, the author covers all of the essential information needed to understand, design, operate, and maintain a complete fluidized bed system. It is a must for clean coal technology as well as for biomass power generation.

Beginning with a general introduction to fossil or biofuel conversion choices, the book surveys hydrodynamics, fundamentals of gasification, combustion of solid fuels, pollution aspects including climate change mitigation, heat transfer in fluidized beds, the design and operation of bubbling and circulating fluidized bed boilers, and various supporting components such as distributor grates, feeding systems, and gas-solid separators.

The process industry has developed integrated process safety management programs to reduce or eliminate incidents and major consequences, such as injury, loss of life, property damage, environmental harm, and business interruption. Good documentation practices are a crucial part of retaining past knowledge and experience, and avoiding relearning old lessons. Following an introduction, which offers examples of how proper documentation might have prevented major explosions and serious incidents, the 21 sections in this book clearly present aims, goals, and methodology in all areas of documentation. The text contains examples of dozens of needed forms, lists of relevant industry organizations, sources for software, references, OSHA regulations, sample plans, and more.

Silicone is an important class of materials used in applications that range from industrial assembly to everyday consumer products. Silicones are often delivered and synthesized in dispersion forms, the most common being liquid-in-liquid (emulsion), solid-in-liquid (suspension), air-in-liquid (foam) and solid-in air (powder). This book compiles a carefully selected number of topics that are essential to the understanding, creative design and production of silicone dispersions. As such, it provides the first unified description of silicone dispersions in the literature.

To meet changing market demands that have stringent emission standards and to ensure proper performance in refinery units, evaluation of novel catalyst designs and results from material characterization and testing of catalysts are of crucial importance for refiners as well as for catalyst manufacturers. This book highlights recent developments in the application of refinery catalysts in selected units such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydrogen production for hydroprocessing units, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and sustainable processing of biomass into biofuels.

The study of environmental interfaces and environmental catalysis is central to finding more effective solutions to air pollution and in understanding of how pollution impacts the natural environment. Encompassing concepts, techniques, and methods, Environmental Catalysis provides a mix of theory, computation, analysis, and synthesis to support the latest applications in biocatalysis, green chemistry, environmental remediation and our understanding of the interaction of pollutants with natural systems. The book focuses on several aspects of environmental catalysis. Surface catalysis of airborne particles - including ice, trace atmospheric gases, aerosolized soot nanoparticles, and mineral dust surfaces - as well as particles in contact with ground water and their role in surface adsorption, surface catalysis, hydrolysis, dissolution, precipitation, oxidation and ozone decomposition is explored. It continues by presenting catalysis as the key technology for treating emissions and reducing waste by-products. The authors review the theory behind catalytic converters and discuss the effectiveness of several catalysts, including zeolites and nanoparticles, in treating emissions, aromatic hydrocarbons, and chemical warfare agents. They also survey the use of biocatalysis in environmental remediation, and industrial processes, particularly in the production of transportation fuels, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Then the authors explain how enzymes can remove chlorinated organics and metals and how microbes can metabolize toxic chemicals from groundwater. Lastly, they discuss the principles of green chemistry, including the use of environmentally benign solvents, biphasic catalysts, and other alternative solvents to recover and recycle catalysts based on heavy metals. With increasing ground water pollution, increasing particulates in the atmosphere, and the increasing need to remove pollutants from industrial and automotive sources, Environmental Catal

Traditionally, design and control decisions are made in sequential stages over the life cycle of a chemical plant. In the design phase, the optimal operating conditions and the corresponding material and energy balance data are established mainly on the basis of economic considerations. In the subsequent step, the control systems are configured to maintain the key process conditions at the fixed nominal values. Because it is often desirable to address the operability issues at the earliest possible stage before stipulation of control schemes, the systematic incorporation of flexibility analysis in process synthesis and design has received considerable attention in recent years. This book focuses to a large extent on computation and implementation methods of deterministic performance measures, i.e., the steady-state, volumetric, dynamic and temporal flexibility indices, in various applications. The formal definitions of several available performance indices, their mathematical formulations, and the corresponding algorithms and codes are provided in sufficient detail to facilitate implementation. To show the utility of flexibility analyses, the book presents several practical case studies including membrane modules and heat-exchanger networks, solar-driven membrane distillation desalination systems, and hybrid power generation systems. It also includes MATLAB and GAMS codes.

Written for anyone who is considering implementing or currently using TPM or looking for ways of improving their current process, the second edition focuses on the financial approach to the subject-a methodology that produces quantifiable results allowing a TPM program to be sustainable. Completely revised and updated, this classic reference is the most flexible and comprehensive approach documented to date. Additionally, it offers a significant amount of new material, such as: 1. Various case studies that show how to explain the value of OEE to everyone in the organization from the senior executive to the shop floor personnel. 2. OEE discussions showing how to dollarize results and present the financial terms to executive financial personnel. 3. A clarification of the goals and objectives of TPM, allowing TPM Champions to clearly present a TPM business case to their organizations.4. The pitfalls that may be encountered during TPM implementation and how to avoid or correct these problems.

This book is designed to provide authoritative reviews in the field of modern electroanalytical chemistry defined in its broadest sense. It is helpful to practicing analytical chemists interested in learning about and applying electroanalytical techniques.

At the interface of chemical industry operations, equipment manufacturer input, and the scientific literature, Industrial Crystallization of Melts explores and explains melt crystallization and purification in the industrial arena. This comprehensive account details the orderly conversion of melts into solid, salable end materials and procedures for purification by remelting; summarizes key theoretical concepts relating to crystalline matter and instationary heat transfer; and surveys the equipment available for specific processes. It also offers over 100 tested equations, as well as clear-cut methods for handling organic melts that call for special crystallization provisions.

The revised edition of the guide to environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products The revised and updated second edition of Pharma-Ecology joins the health and environmental sciences professions' concern over the occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment and explores how to best minimize their impact. The text highlights the biological effects of various classes of pharmaceutical compounds under clinical settings, their modes of action, and approximate quantities consumed. The second edition contains the most recent knowledge about the ecological impact of PPCPs as more sensitive detection techniques have become available, since the book was first published. The second edition offers the most up-to-date information on pharma ecology and bridges the gap between medicine, public health, and environmental science. This new edition contains helpful learning objectives for each chapter, as well as a brief section at the end of each chapter that presents a set of open ended questions. This vital resource: - Explores the biological effects of pharmaceutical compounds under clinical settings, their modes of action, approximate quantities consumed - Provides researchers and scientists with critical background data on the environmental impacts of PPCPs - Contains the most current information on PPCPs' ecological impacts, based on new detection techniques - Bridges the gap between medicine, public health, and environmental science Written for ecologists, engineers, microbiologists, pharmacists, toxicologists, chemists, physicians, and veterinarians involved in pollution and environmental analysis, the second edition of Pharma-Ecology contains the most current information available on the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products.

Handbook of Antioxidants provides a wealth of information on the mechanics, practical effects and applications of a wide range of antioxidants. The book starts by introducing the general concepts relating to antioxidants and their application, then segues into a discussion on existing natural and synthetic antioxidants, characterizing their general properties and application. Formation and action of oxidizing species in living organisms, ambient air, industrial environments, and chemical reactions are covered next. Subsequent chapters cover the theories and mechanisms of stabilization, performance indicators, antioxidant selection, degradation and stabilization of different polymers and rubbers, specific effects on other components of formulation, and analytical methods. This book is an excellent companion to the Databook of Antioxidants which has also been published recently. Both books supplement each other without repeating the same information - one contains data another theory, mechanisms of action, practical effects and implications of application.

The Eighth International Conference on Miniaturized Systems in Chemistry and Life Science - MicroTas 2004 - is an annual meeting focusing on the research, development and application of miniaturized technologies and methodologies in chemistry and life science. The conference is celebrating its tenth anniversary after the first workshop at the University of Twente, The Netherlands in 1994. This research field is rapidly developing and changing towards a domain where core competence areas such as microfluidics, micro- and nanotechnology, materials science, chemistry, biology, and medicine are melting together to a truly interdisciplinary meeting place. This volume is the first in a two volume set, a valuable reference collection to all working in this field.