Concepts, procedures and programs described in this book make it possible for readers to solve both simple and complex equilibria problems quickly and easily and to visualize results in both numerical and graphical forms. They allow the user to calculate concentrations of reactants and products for both simple and complicated situations. The user can spend less time doing calculations and more time thinking about what the results mean in terms of a larger problem in which she or he may be interested.

This title covers the fundamentals of carbon nanomaterials in a logical and clear manner to make concepts accessible to researchers from different disciplines. It summarizes in a comprehensive manner recent technological and scientific accomplishments in the area of carbon nanomaterials and their application in lithium ion batteries The book also addresses all the components anodes, cathodes and electrolytes of lithium ion battery and discusses the technology of lithium ion batteries that can safely operate at high temperature.

This collection of challenging and well-designed test problems arising in literature studies also contains a wide spectrum of applications, including pooling/blending operations, heat exchanger network synthesis, homogeneous azeotropic separation, and dynamic optimization and optimal control problems.

The book covers all stages of process plant projects from initiation to completion and handover by describing the roles and actions of all functions involved. It discusses engineering, procurement, construction, project management, contract administration, project control and HSE, with reference to international contracting and business practices.

Provides a through and systematic discussion on the functionally graded adhesive and its joints Discusses analytical modelling and numerical analyses of the joints Details 3D stress and failure delamination analysis for composite analyses of functionally graded out-of-plane joints under various combinations of loading Illustrates FE Modeling and simulation of interfacial failure and damage propagation in out-of-plane joints Includes effect of various gradation function profiles on damage growth driving forces (SERR)

Edited by Professor CJ Li, one of the leading international experts in the fields of Green Chemistry and Green Synthesis, this volume presents such hot topics as synthesis without protecting groups, multi-component reactions, and synthesis in green solvents.

The "Handbook of Green Chemistry" comprises of 9 volumes in total, split into 3 subject-specific sets. The three sets are available individually. All 9 volumes are available individually, too.

Set I: Green Catalysis - Volume 1: Homogeneous Catalysis - Volume 2: Heterogeneous Catalysis - Volume 3: BiocatalysisSet II: Green Solvents - Volume 4: Supercritical Solvents - Volume 5: Reactions in Water - Volume 6: Ionic LiquidsSet III: Green Processes - Volume 7: Green Synthesis - Volume 8: Green Nanoscience - Volume 9: Designing Safer Chemicals

The "Handbook of Green Chemistry" is also available as Online Edition.

PodcastsListen to two podcasts in which Professor Paul Anastas and Journals Editor Paul Trevorrow discuss the origin and expansion of Green Chemistry and give an overview of "The Handbook of Green Chemistry."

Silver holds three world records; it has the lowest contact resistance, highest electrical conductivity and the best thermal conductivity of all metals. The element's physical strength, brilliance and malleability leads to its many uses from electronics to optical applications.A new 'silver rush' has occurred following the recent discovery that silver, when divided to form particles at the nano scale, can take on new properties. Meanwhile, there has been an increase in regulations against environmental pollution of silver ions toxicity, which have caused numerous diseases and disorders in the marine, microbial, invertebrate and vertebrate community (including humans). Both of which have led to a great interest in silver recovery for both environmental toxicity and an economic point of view.Comprised of ten chapters, this book draws attention to the most advance technologies in silver recovery and recycling from various spent sources, which will appeal to research scientists and metallurgists. The state of the art in recovery of silver from different sources by hydrometallurgical and bio-metallurgical processing and varieties of leaching, cementing, reducing agents, adsorbents, and bio-sorbents are highlighted in this book.

Advances in Petrochemical Engineering and Green Development is a compilation of selected papers from the 3rd International Conference on Petrochemical Engineering and Green Development (ICPEGD 2022) and focuses on the research of petrochemical engineering. The proceedings features the most cutting-edge research directions and achievements related to geology and green development. Subjects in this proceedings include: Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering Fossil Technologies Oil & Gas Production Renewable Energy Sources and Technology Green Synergy Innovation Urban Crisis Management The collection of papers in this proceedings will promote the development of petrochemical industry and energy, resource sharing, flexibility and high efficiency. Thereby, it will promote scientific information interchange between scholars from top universities, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world.

An affordable, easily accessible desk reference on biomanufacturing, focused on downstream recovery and purification

Advances in the fundamental knowledge surrounding biotechnology, novel materials, and advanced engineering approaches continue to be translated into bioprocesses that bring new products to market at a significantly faster pace than most other industries. Industrial scale biotechnology and new manufacturing methods are revolutionizing medicine, environmental monitoring and remediation, consumer products, food production, agriculture, and forestry, and continue to be a major area of research.

The downstream stage in industrial biotechnology refers to recovery, isolation, and purification of the microbial products from cell debris, processing medium and contaminating biomolecules from the upstream process into a finished product such as biopharmaceuticals and vaccines.

Downstream process design has the greatest impact on overall biomanufacturing cost because not only does the biochemistry of different products ( e.g., peptides, proteins, hormones, antibiotics, and complex antigens) dictate different methods for the isolation and purification of these products, but contaminating byproducts can also reduce overall process yield, and may have serious consequences on clinical safety and efficacy. Therefore downstream separation scientists and engineers are continually seeking to eliminate, or combine, unit operations to minimize the number of process steps in order to maximize product recovery at a specified concentration and purity.

Based on Wiley's" Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess, Bioseparation, and Cell Technology, " this volume features fifty articles that provide information on down- stream recovery of cells and protein capture; process development and facility design; equipment; PAT in downstream processes; downstream cGMP operations; and regulatory compliance.

It covers: Cell wall disruption and lysisCell recovery by centrifugation and filtrationLarge-scale protein chromatographyScale down of biopharmaceutical purification operationsLipopolysaccharide removalPorous media in biotechnologyEquipment used in industrial protein purificationAffinity chromatographyAntibody purification, monoclonal and polyclonalProtein aggregation, precipitation and crystallizationFreeze-drying of biopharmaceuticalsBiopharmaceutical facility design and validationPharmaceutical bioburden testingRegulatory requirements

Ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses on biomanufacturing, biochemical engineering, biophar- maceutical facility design, biochemistry, industrial microbiology, gene expression technology, and cell culture technology, "Downstream Industrial Biotechnology" is also a highly recommended resource for industry professionals and libraries.

This book provides insight into domino effects in industrial chemical sites and process industries. It is about the integration of safety and security resources to prevent and mitigate domino effects in the process industries. It explains how chemical industrial areas, comprised of various hazardous installations, are susceptible to a chain of undesired events, or domino effects, triggered by accidental events or intentional attacks and then presents solutions to prevent them. Firstly, the book provides a dynamic graph approach to model the domino effects induced by accidental fire or intentional fire, considering the spatial-temporal evolution of fires. Then, a dynamic risk assessment method based on a discrete dynamic event tree is proposed to assess the likelihood of VCEs and the vulnerability of installations, addressing the time dependencies in vapor cloud dispersion and the uncertainty of delayed ignitions. A dynamic methodology based on dynamic graphs and Monte Carlo is provided to assess the vulnerability of individuals and installations exposed to multi-hazards, such as fire, explosion and toxic release during escalation events. Based on these domino effect models, an economic approach is developed to integrate safe and security resources, obtaining the most cost-benefit protection strategy for preventing domino effects. Finally, a resilience-based approach is provided to find out the most cost-resilient way to protect chemical industrial areas, addressing possible domino effects. This integrated approach will be of interest to researchers, industrial engineers, chemical engineers and safety managers and will help professionals to new solutions in the area of safety and security.

This indispensable book describes lubricant additives, their synthesis, chemistry, and mode of action. All important areas of application are covered, detailing which lubricants are needed for a particular application. Laboratory and field performance data for each application is provided and the design of cost-effective, environmentally friendly technologies is fully explored. This edition includes new chapters on chlorohydrocarbons, foaming chemistry and physics, antifoams for nonaqueous lubricants, hydrogenated styrene-diene viscosity modifiers, alkylated aromatics, and the impact of REACh and GHS on the lubricant industry.

PEM Fuel Cell Failure Mode Analysis presents a systematic analysis of PEM fuel cell durability and failure modes. It provides readers with a fundamental understanding of insufficient fuel cell durability, identification of failure modes and failure mechanisms of PEM fuel cells, fuel cell component degradation testing, and mitigation strategies against degradation. The first several chapters of the book examine the degradation of various fuel cell components, including degradation mechanisms, the effects of operating conditions, mitigation strategies, and testing protocols. The book then discusses the effects of different contamination sources on the degradation of fuel cell components and explores the relationship between external environment and the degradation of fuel cell components and systems. It also reviews the correlation between operational mode, such as start-up and shut-down, and the degradation of fuel cell components and systems. The last chapter explains how the design of fuel cell hardware relates to failure modes. Written by international scientists active in PEM fuel cell research, this volume is enriched with practical information on various failure modes analysis for diagnosing cell performance and identifying failure modes of degradation. This in turn helps in the development of mitigation strategies and the increasing commercialization of PEM fuel cells.

The field of encapsulation, especially microencapsulation, is a rapidly growing area of research and product development. Applications of Encapsulation and Controlled Release offers a broad perspective on a variety of applications and processes, including, up-to-date research, figures, tables, illustrations, and references. Written at a level comprehensible to non-experts, it is a rich source of technical information and current practices in research and industry.

Ever since the discovery of the photoelectric effect, researchers have been trying to improve the efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic devices. Photosynthetic organisms provide clues for harvesting sunlight and storing the energy in chemical forms. This book offers a concise overview of the fundamental concepts of photosynthesis and the emerging photovoltaic technologies, casting light on the symbiotic relation between these spheres of science. Although there are many books about the fundamentals of photosynthesis and the various aspects of the photosynthetic processes, this is the first volume to focus on the prospects of studying the photosynthetic proteins, understanding and applying their properties to design prospective solar energy conversion devices that are sustainable and efficient. All in all, the book aims to bring together the present know-how on organic photovoltaics and dye-sensitized solar cells with that of the emerging bio-photovoltaics and the underlying physics of photosynthesis to foster a more eclectic research that would converge towards a sustainable energy technology for the future. The book mainly serves as a bridge to connect biochemists, who study photosynthetic proteins, and physicists and engineers who design and develop photovoltaic devices. Scientists, engineers and students in the fields of photosynthetic research and solar energy research can use this book as a ready reference. Key selling features: Covers both methods and bio-based materials needed to build bio-based photovoltaics Focuses on both techniques and applications Summarizes the advantages and limitations of various techniques Contributors from multiple disciplines integrate the knowledge of photosynthetic proteins and the physics/engineering of photovoltaic devices. Includes adaptive designs and techniques used in other types of solar cells to for the design of protein-based PVs

Presenting the end-use and application technologies of pressure-sensitive adhesives and products, Volume Three of the "Handbook of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives and Products" discusses the build up and classes of pressure-sensitive products, the main representatives of pressure-sensitive products, and their application domains. It divides the main product classes of solvent-based, water-based, and hot-melt-based formulations by their debonding characteristics and water and temperature resistance, and illustrates build-up by adhesive-coated, adhesiveless, carrierless, and linerless pressure-sensitive products. It presents application technology, equipment, and novel products such as RFID, medical, and labels, as well as the self-adhesive competitors of pressure-sensitive products. It also lists professional organizations and suppliers, along with the main literature sources.

This textbook presents a general multi-objective optimization framework for optimizing chemical processes by implementing a link between process simulators and metaheuristic techniques. The proposed approach is general and shows how to implement links between different process simulators such as Aspen Plus (R), HYSIS (R), Super Pro Designer (R) linked to a variety of metaheuristic techniques implemented in Matlab (R), Excel (R), C++, and others, eliminating the numerical complications through the optimization process. Furthermore, the proposed framework allows the use of thermodynamic, design and constitutive equations implemented in the process simulator to implement any process. Aimed at graduate and undergraduate students, it presents introductory chapters for process simulators and metaheuristic optimization techniques and provides several worked exercises as well as proposed exercises. In addition, accompanying tutorial videos clearly explaining the implemented methodologies are available online. Also, some Matlab (R) routines are included as electronic supporting material.

Due to an increase in the wide-range of chemicals in petrochemical processing industries, as well as frequency of use, there has been a steady rise in flammability problems and other hazards. Hazardous Area Classification in Petroleum and Chemical Plants: A Guide to Mitigating Risk outlines the necessities of explosion protection in oil, gas and chemical industries, and discusses fire and occupancy hazards, extinguishing methods, hazard identification, and classification of materials. This book addresses these issues and concerns and presents a simple hazard identification system to help offset future problems. It offers information on the hazards of various materials and their level of severity as it relates to fire prevention, exposure, and control. The system provides an alerting signal and on-the-spot information to help protect lives in an industrial plant or storage location during fire emergencies. Understanding the hazard helps to ensure that the process equipment is properly selected, installed, and operated to provide a safe operating system. This text also includes a summary of the rules, methods, and requirements for fighting a fire, introduces various hazard identification systems. * Includes a summary of the rules, methods, and requirements needed to extinguish a fire * Introduces various hazard identification systems * Includes concepts for layout and spacing of equipment in process plants The book serves as resource for plant design engineers as well as plant protection and safety personnel in planning for effective firefighting operations.

Hydrostatic Testing, Corrosion, and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: A Field Manual for Control and Prevention teaches industry professionals, managers, and researchers how to combat corrosion failure associated with hydrotesting. It discusses how a test liquid must be selected, how corrosion by bacteria should be controlled, and how to eliminate the risk of leakage. Rather than teaching how hydrotests should be conducted, it helps the reader evaluate the quality of a hydrotest that's already been conducted in terms of oxygen scavenger use, biocide testing, inhibitor addition, and water quality and explains the tasks that top and middle management must ensure are taken with respect to corrosion assessment of hydrotesting. The manual also discusses microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) as the main corrosion mechanism related to post-hydrotesting and offers essential knowledge on combating this corrosion process. In addition to being a manual for top and middle management on how to deal with corrosion, this book also:

We are honoured to present this collection of selected papers from the International Conference on Mixing and Crystallization, held at the Tioman Island, Malaysia in April, 1998. We are grateful to the editorial board comprising five eminent researchers in the field of mixing and crystallization for their thoughtful review and suggestions. In order to make this book as current as possible some of the papers have been thoroughly revised, which caused some delay in bringing out this edited version. We received necessary support from the Institute of Post Graduate Studies and Research, the University of Malaya and the Special Research Centre for Multiphase Processes, and the University of Newcastle, Australia in organizing this conference. We are indebted to the Institute of Chemical Engineers, United Kingdom, and the Institution of Engineers, Malaysia for their sponsorship. We would like to thank K.C. Lim, Dr. C. Ramakanth and Ms. Zubaidah for their help at the various stages of editing. We would also like to express our gratitude to Professor Mohd. Ali Hashim and Dr. Nafis Ahmed for their help and encouragement. Finally, I would like to thank Kluwer Academic Publishers for publishing this book. Bhaskar Sen Gupta Shaliza Ibrahim University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur xi CFD MODELLING OF HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS WITHIN THE WAKE OF MIXING IMPELLER BLADES 1 G.D. RIGByl., G. LANE . AND G.M. EVANSl.

The malicious acts against or within the chemical industrial sector pose a significant threat to both the employees working in the industry, to the communities around them, and to the nation they serve. This new book, the third in a series on critical infrastructure and homeland security, helps chemical manufacturers and processors prevent the devastating effects of such an attack by providing sound security principles and measures that they can implement in their chemical facilities. Addressing the security threats chemical production managers, chemical import managers, design engineers, and others must be prepared to meet on a daily basis, this book encourages a concerted effort to incorporate security upgrades in existing systems or to plan security in all new chemical processing sites. It addresses issues of monitoring, response, critical infrastructure redundancy, and recovery to minimize risk to the facility, the infrastructure, and the surrounding community.

This important new book covers recent advancements, innovations, and technologies in industrial biotechnology, specifically addressing the application of various biomolecules in industrial production and in cleaning and environmental remediation sectors. The goal of industrial biotechnology is to develop new techniques and technologies to transform renewable raw materials into chemicals, materials, and fuels by the substitution of fossil fuels. With the increase in the world's population and the resultant growing energy demand, the need for more energy can be successfully met with the advancements in industrial biotechnology. Currently across the globe significant research has been undertaken in the production of cleaner fuels, materials, and semi-synthetic chemicals, with environmental benefits. Developing countries have huge agricultural resources that could be utilized for production of value-added byproducts for the sustainable development of bio-based economy. The book opens with the chapter on the production of exopolysaccharides from halophilic microorganisms, a polymer that is normally very useful in various production sectors of the food, pharmaceutical, and petroleum industries. The book goes on to cover: The production of antimicrobial compounds from alkaliphilic bacteria Thermophilic actinomycetes Food, agro, and pharmaceutical potential and biotechnological applications of biosurfactants, halophiles, cyclodextrin glycosyl transferease, fungal chitinase, proteases, yeasts and yeast products Also covered in the book are the environmental aspects of industrial biotechnology such as the genetic enhancement for biofuel production, the production of biodegradable thermoplastics, advancements in the synthesis of bio-oil, ecofriendly treatment of agro-based lignocelluloses, and anaerobic bio reactors for hydrocarbon remediation. The international roster of chapter authors have been chosen for their renowned expertise and contribution to the various fields of industrial biotechnology. This book is suitable to chemists, biotechnologists from research institutes, academia, and students as well as for industry professionals

This unique and comprehensive book covers all the recent physical, chemical, and mechanical advancements in encapsulation nanotechnologies. Encapsulation is prevalent in the evolutionary processes of nature, where nature protects the materials from the environment by engulfing them in a suitable shell. These natural processes are well known and have been adopted and applied in the pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, and cosmetics industries. In recent years, because of the increased understanding of the material properties and behaviors at nanoscale, research in the encapsulation field has also moved to the generation of nanocapsules, nanocontainers, and other nano devices. One such example is the generation of self-healing nanocontainers holding corrosion inhibitors that can be used in anti-corrosion coatings. The processes used to generate such capsules have also undergone significant developments. Various technologies based on chemical, physical, and physico-chemical synthesis methods have been developed and applied successfully to generate encapsulated materials. Because of the increasing potential and value of the new nanotechnologies and products being used in a large number of commercial processes, the need for compiling one comprehensive volume comprising the recent technological advancements is also correspondingly timely and significant. This volume not only introduces the subject of encapsulation and nanotechnologies to scientists new to the field, but also serves as a reference for experts already working in this area. Encapsulation Nanotechnologies details in part: * The copper encapsulation of carbon nanotubes * Various aspects of the application of fluid-bed technology for the coating and encapsulation processes * The use of the electrospinning technique for encapsulation * The concept of microencapsulation by interfacial polymerization * Overviews of encapsulation technologies for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), polymer capsule technology, the use of supercritical fluids (such as carbon dioxide), iCVD process for large-scale applications in hybrid gas barriers Readership Encapsulation Nanotechnologiesis of prime interest to a wide range of materials scientists and engineers, both in industry and academia.

Industrial Catalysis: Chemistry and Mechanism is an essential textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in the underlying concepts of catalysis, industrial organic chemistry and the mechanism of catalysis. For undergraduates it provides an introduction to the basic catalytic principles and industrial processes. Graduate students will find that the book gives an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of catalytic surface intermediates and the practice of modern catalysis research. For the post graduate and industrial chemist involved in catalysis research, it is a valuable reference text as a compendium of mechanisms by which major industrial catalytic processes operate.This unique book fills the gap between basic organic chemistry and fundamental chemical principles of catalysis, and is a must read for students and researchers in the field.

Industrial Catalysis: Chemistry and Mechanism is an essential textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in the underlying concepts of catalysis, industrial organic chemistry and the mechanism of catalysis. For undergraduates it provides an introduction to the basic catalytic principles and industrial processes. Graduate students will find that the book gives an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of catalytic surface intermediates and the practice of modern catalysis research. For the post graduate and industrial chemist involved in catalysis research, it is a valuable reference text as a compendium of mechanisms by which major industrial catalytic processes operate.This unique book fills the gap between basic organic chemistry and fundamental chemical principles of catalysis, and is a must read for students and researchers in the field.

This book provides an interdisciplinary, integrative overview of environmental problem-solving using mild reaction conditions, green reagents, waste free and energy efficient synthesis in both industry and academic world. Discussions include a broad, integrated perspective on sustainability, integrated risk, multi-scale changes and impacts taking place within ecosystems worldwide. Features: This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators who need to do greener synthesis of organic compounds, drugs and natural products under mild reaction condition using green reagents, eco-friendly catalysts and benign reaction mediums over traditional synthetic processes which is a key driving force of scientists. Greener synthesis of multiple value-added heterocycles opens up a new horizon towards the organic catalysis and for this purpose, development of natural resources acts as an effective catalyst. Using environmentally friendly reaction medium e.g. ACC, WETSA, WEBSA have been used for the synthesis of some crucial heterocyclic scaffolds such as bisenols and 2-amino-4H-pyrans, tetraketones, pyrans, and biaryls. This book can also be used as a textbook for graduate and post graduate level courses for students. Furthermore, the problems with answers in book will add better understanding for students.