This book analyses the models for major risks related to flight safety in the aviation sector and presents risk estimation methods through examples of several known aviation enterprises. The book provides a comprehensive content for professionals engaged in the development of flight safety regulatory framework as well as in the design and operation of ground-based or on-board flight support radio electronic systems. The book is also useful for senior students and postgraduates in aviation specialties, especially those related to air traffic management.

This book presents the select proceedings of the National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization (RDMPMC 2020). It covers the recent advances in manufacturing processes. The book explains various manufacturing process technologies based on surface modification, welding, mechanical deformation, and heat treatment. It also covers the topics such as microstructural characterization and properties evaluation, corrosion, and tribology. The book will be useful to researchers, students and professionals working in areas related to materials processing and characterization.

This highly informative and carefully presented book offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of thermal engineering. The book focuses both on the fundamentals and more complex topics such as the basics of thermodynamics, Zeroth Law of thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, application of first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, entropy, availability and irreversibility, properties of pure substance, vapor power cycles, introduction to working of IC engines, air-standard cycles, gas turbines and jet propulsion, thermodynamic property relations and combustion. The author has included end-of-chapter problems and worked examples to augment learning and self-testing. This book is a useful reference to undergraduate students in the area of mechanical engineering.

Contents - PART 1 - The Unique Position of the Carbon Atom in Chemistry - 1. The Nature of Organic Chemistry - 2. The Organic Chemist Looks at a Molecule - 3. Valence - 4. New Ideas on Valence - 5. The Unique Position of Carbon among the Elements - 6. The O C T E T in Chemistry - 7. The D U E T in Chemistry - 8. North and South Poles - PART 2 - The Architecture of Carbon Compounds - 9. Methane and the Structure Theory - 10. Carbon Chains - 11. Carbon Rings - 12. Morphology of Chain and Ring Compounds - 13. Double and Triple Bonds - 14. Energy and Molecular Structure - 15. PI Electrons - 16. Bond Energies and Resonance - 17. How Molecules React - 18. Why Molecules React - 19. The Benzene Ring - 20. Nuclear Reactions - 21. The Geography of the Benzene Ring - 22. Stereochemistry and Isomerism - PART 3 - The Classification of Carbon Compounds - 23. The Common Methods of Classification in Organic Chemistry - 24. Halogen Compounds and Free Radicals - 25. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers - 26. Aldehydes and Ketones - 27. Carboxylic Acids - 28. Mixed Oxygen Compounds - 29. Nitrogen Compounds - 30. Compounds with Sulphur, Phosphorus, and Other Elements - PART 4 - Special Topics in Organic Chemistry - 31. Structures of Complex Compounds - 32. Aromatic Character in Heterocycles and Condensed Cycles - 33. Proteins - 34. Carbohydrates - 35. Chemistry in Plant and Animal Life - 36. Dyes - 37. Isotopic Chemistry - 38. Giant Molecules - Supplementary Reading - Index - Preface - When Dr. Frank C. Whitmore was president of the American Chemical Society in 1938 and made the customary tour of local ACS sections, he used that occasion to spread the gospel of the electron theory of valence. At one of his lectures the author of this book sat in the audience among a mixed group of chemists consisting of technicians, students, and college graduates. The lack of familiarity of organic chemists with the electron was so obvious that it aroused in the author an urge to write an elementary introduction to organic chemistry in which the role of the electron would be emphasized. This book is especially intended to serve two groups of readers: those engaged in work of a chemical nature who are not able to take a classroom course in organic chemistry, and those in a college course who find they have a need for a supplementary book to help clarify the approach to modern organic chemistry. In other words, the book was conceived as an integrated introduction to both electron-valence theory and organic chemistry at a level suitable for self-study. The first edition of this book appeared in 1943 during World War II. A second edition, much enlarged, was published in 1955. For this third edition the book has been extensively rewritten, and more than enough material has been added so that it can serve as a textbook for a one-year college course. The novel arrangement of the subject matter in the earlier editions has been maintained. A teacher who prefers to lecture largely from his own notes should find no difficulty incorporating his material into the simple plan on which this book is based.

This book describes crucial aspects related to the additive and subtractive manufacturing of different composites. The first half of this book mainly deals with the various types of composite fabrication methods along with the introduction, features and mechanisms and also the processing of composite materials via additive manufacturing route. Also, the thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical properties relevant to the processing of composite materials are included in the chapters. The second half of this book primarily demonstrates an extensive section on the different types of additive manufacturing processes like selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling and material jetting used to fabricate the metals and polymers. Also, the chapters address the complete description of fabrication processes for metal matrix composites and polymer matrix composites. Moreover, the different methods adopted such as short peening, micro-machining, heat-treatment and solution treatment to improve the surface improvement are well discussed. This book gives many helps to researchers and students in the fields of the additive and subtractive manufacturing of different composites.

This book serves as an accelerated learning tool for students of Additive Manufacturing. The author presents key aspects of the subject in the form of questions and answers, so learners in a variety of contexts can find answers quickly to their specific question. Solutions to a variety of current, challenging problems are presented, clarified with examples, illustrations and copious references for more thorough investigation of the specific topic. Offers a unique, accelerated learning tool for students of Additive Manufacturing, presenting the subject in the form of questions and answers; Provides solutions to today's challenging problems in additive manufacturing, using examples, illustrations and references; Includes coverage of various aspects of additive manufacturing, such as materials, design, applications, post-process and digital manufacturing.

The main objective of this volume is to demonstrate the importance of the fundamental aspects of interfacial phenomena in various industrial applications. The text provides the reader with the knowledge that is essential for the composition of the complex multi-phase systems used in the above mentioned areas of application. It should enable the physical and formulation chemist as well as the chemical engineer in designing the formulation on the basis of a rational approach. It will also enable the formulation scientist to better understanding the factors responsible for producing a stable product with optimum application conditions. The book should also be very useful for teaching the subject of formulation at academic institutions.

Studies in catalyst deactivation play a major role in the identification of the real catalytic system, in particular, the structure and texture of the solid, which is often in a metastable state, as it is operated in the industrial reactor. These studies also allow the identification of the experimental conditions which preserve this active and selective state. This is crucial for a real understanding of catalysts and catalysis. Another area of catalytic science concerns reactions kinetics, which, if properly determined, are of paramount importance in the elucidation of mechanisms. The behavior of the kinetics during aging and deactivation and an accurate modeling of the evolution of activity and selectivity are essential information for the process performance. These are just two typical examples, but quite generally, the science of catalyst deactivation is going to be more oriented to fundamental issues.

This book summarizes the recent research development concerning olive oil wastewater management: characterization, environmental impact, recovery and treatment. The book combines different chapters on the management of olive oil rejects using simple techniques with low investment and operating costs. The main focus of the book is: - Diagnosis, impacts of olive oil waste, and regulations- The valorization of the margins and the olive waste- Wastewater treatment and recovery- Evaluation of investments and operating costs of treatment techniques- Shaped by experience, the authors present their view and approach to each focus area of managing liquid and solid waste produced by crushing units.

CONTENTS - Distillation of Naphtha, Gasoline, Kerosene, Jet Fuel and Similar Products - Vacuum Distillation - Distillation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Determination of High-Boiling Fractions in Isopropyl Ether - Test for Light Ends in Isobutylene and Similar Products - Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester (Abel Flash Point) - Flash and Fire Points by the Cleveland Open Cup (Marcusson Flash Point) - Flash Point by the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester - Determining the Nonvolatile Matter in CTLA Polymers - Rapid Method for Comparative Evaporation Rates of Solvents - Gravity of Petroleum Products by the Hydrometer - Specific Gravity by Means of the Pycnometer - Viscosity Determination by the Saybolt Viscometer - Determination of the Kinematic Viscosity of Petroleum Products by Glass Viscometers - Color of Petroleum Products by the Tag-Robinson Colorimeter (Color Stability of Lubricants) - Color of White Petroleum Products by the Saybolt Chromometer - Determining the Color of Solvents by the Platinum-Cobalt System - Gardner's Method of Determining the Color of Solvents - Determination of the Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Sulfur by Lamp (Closed System) - Doctor Test - Determination of Sulfur in Petroleum Products - Heavier than Illuminating Oils - Qualitative Detection of Sulfur Gases in Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Detection of Thiophene in Benzene - Ash and Water-Soluble Ash Content of Petroleum Oils - Cloud and Pour Points of Petroleum Products (Dilute Pour Point) - Detecting Oxidizable Matter in Solvents (Permanganate Test) - Permanaganate Time Test (Improved Visual Method) - Holde Hard Asphalt Test - Determination of the Gumming Properties of Gasoline by Means of a Copper Dish - Determination of Water in Petroleum Products by the Karl Fischer Reagent - Determination of Water in Hydrocarbon Gases by the Karl Fischer Reagent - Acidity of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Determination of the Unsaponifiable Matter in, and the Neutralization Number of, Naphthenic Acids - Aniline Point - Wijs' Iodine Number - Bromine Number (Lewis and Bradstreet Method) - Determination of the Bromine Index of Xylene - Determination of the Available Cyclopentadiene and Methylcyclopentadienes in Dimers - Determination of Cyclopentadiene in Isoprene - Determination of the Total Conjugated Diolefin Content of Isoprene - Complete Analysis of Distilled Isobutylene by Infrared Spectrometry - Solubility of Pentachlorophenol in Petroleum Oils - Determination of Lower Ketones - Determination of the Alcohol Content by Acetylation - Water Dilution of Alcohol - Determination of Alcohol Content by Specific Gravity - Test for Mixed Alcohols (Hydroxyl Number) - Acetone in Isopropyl Alcohol by Ultraviolet Spectrometry - Ester Content of Solvents - Tests for Specification Grades of Ethyl Ether - Determination of the Carbonyl Compounds in Petrochemical Products (Carbonyl Number) - Determination of Peroxides in Isopropyl Ether - Peroxide Number of Petroleum Products - Determination of the Residual Odor of Heavy Petroleum Solvents - Amino-Type Inhibitors in Gasoline - Determination of tert-Butylcatechol Inhibitor in Unsaturated Heavy Hydrocarbons - Flash Point by the Tag Open Cup - a-Naphthol in Ether - Sampling and Testing Lacquer Solvents and Diluents - Index -

Numerous solvents used in chemical processes have poisonous and unsafe properties that pose significant ecological concerns ranging from atmospheric emissions to the contamination of water effluents. To combat these ecological threats, over the course of the past two decades, the field of green chemistry has grown to develop more natural reaction processes and techniques involving the use of nonconventional solvents to diminish waste solvent production and thus decrease negative impact on the environment. Ionic liquids in particular are more environmentally friendly substitutes to conventional solvents, and as such, have seen more widespread use in the past decade. They have been used in such processes as extraction, separation, purification of organic, inorganic, and bioinorganic compounds, reaction media in biochemical and chemical catalysis, green organic and drug synthesis, among other industrial applications. Thus, in proving themselves a suitable greener media for economic viability in chemical processes, ionic liquids are leading to more sustainable development. This edition explores the application of ionic liquids as a green solvent. It contains a state-of-the-art overview on ionic liquids as green solvents for chemical processes and techniques, as well as some of their useful industrial applications.

This book collates the latest trends and technological advancements in bioremediation, especially for its monitoring and assessment. Divided into 18 chapters, the book summarizes basic concepts of waste management and bioremediation, describes advancements of the existing technologies, and highlights the role of modern instrumentation and analytical methods, for environmental clean-up and sustainability. The chapters cover topics such as the role of microbial fuel cells in waste management, microbial biosensors for real-time monitoring of bioremediation processes, genetically modified microorganisms for bioremediation, application of immobilized enzyme reactors, spectroscopic techniques, and in-silico approaches in bioremediation monitoring and assessment. The book will be advantageous not only to researchers and scholars interested in bioremediation and sustainability but also to professionals and policymakers.

This book presents selected articles from the Algerian Symposium on Renewable Energy and Materials (ASREM-2020) held at Medea, Algeria. It highlights the latest advances in the field of green energies and material technology with specific accentuation on numerical plans and recent methodologies designed to solve engineering problems. It includes mathematical models and experimental measurements to study different problems in renewable energy and materials characterization, with contributions from experts in both academia and industry, and presents a platform to further collaborations in this important area.

This book provides readers with the most current knowledge on hazardous waste management practices. It addresses the rapidly changing advances in waste stream characterization and the discovery of new chemicals - which have led to new hazardous wastes, technological innovation, stringent environmental regulations, changes in transport and dispersion modelling of hazardous pollutants, and new waste management techniques. Hazardous Waste Management: Advances in Chemical and Industrial Waste Treatment and Technologies is an invaluable reference for waste management and treatment professionals, chemical engineers and technicians, medical professionals, and environmental regulators, as well as students taking courses on hazardous waste management, environmental engineering, and environmental science.

Nanotechnology has been established in membrane technology for decades. In this book, comprehensive coverage is given to nanotechnology applications in synthetic membrane processes, which are used in different fields such as water treatment, separation of gases, the food industry, military use, drug delivery, air filtration, and green chemistry. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers are contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective water filtration processes. Gas separation and carbon capture can be significantly improved in flue gas applications. Nanoporous membrane systems engineered to mimic natural filtration systems are being actively developed for use in smart implantable drug delivery systems, bio artificial organs, and other novel nano-enabled medical devices. The microscopic structure of nanoporous ceramic membranes, mainly focusing on zeolite materials, as well as the energy-saving effect of membrane separation, contribute to various chemical synthesis processes. In the food industry, nanotechnology has the potential to create new tools for pathogen detection and packaging. For each application, nanotechnology is mostly used to make composite membranes, and the book provides a detailed look at the mechanisms by which the composite membrane works in each application area.

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive introduction to the technical principles, materials, processes, and equipment of the electron beam wire deposition technology (EBWD), while focusing on the research results of the author's scientific research team engaged in this technology in China. It mainly introduces the conceptual connotation, principle, and characteristics of the EBWD technology, its position and function in the additive manufacturing technology system, the direction and trend of technological development at home and abroad, the fundamentals and application results of the EBWD technology, including technical principles, equipment technology, special materials, manufacturing technology, quality testing, and application practices. So this book can serve as a reference book for teachers, students, and scientific researchers in scientific research institutions who are engaged in relevant studies.

This book is an effort to tether all the exuberant observations on adding nanomaterial in the TPE matrix. With an enhanced processing property along with amplified recyclability and reprocessing feature, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) proves to be one of the most significant polymeric materials till date. As the scientific world evolves, these advanced materials have attuned themselves with various anisotropic nanomaterials to induce an enhanced property effect on the final product. On an additional note, authors have done extensive research on graphene, the most multifaceted element in the filler family keeping TPE and its derivate as the matrix martial. Cogitating the idea of a multidimensional readership, authors have analyzed the synthesis, derivatization, and properties of graphene and its derivatives separately. Apart from reviewing the future prospects and the potential application of these nano-filled advanced materials, they have kept the structure-property relationship of graphene-based composites at the cynosure to provide firm understanding on the blossoming of these elastomeric composites. The authors believe this book is a potential content for both professionals and academicians.

This book discusses financial, managerial and engineering aspects associated with project engineering. The book is a text/reference book on courses related to project engineering for undergraduate students of Chemical Engineering programmes. The author has utilized her decade-long professional experience with reputed project consultancy organizations and her academic experience in writing this book. The background of project engineering is described with special emphasis on its interdisciplinary nature. Project management techniques are discussed with the help of worked-out examples. It includes multiple choice questions and information regarding relevant courses in different institutes. The book is useful for undergraduate degree and diploma students as well as for fresh graduate engineering trainees in various process consulting organizations.

Antoine Simonneau's thesis highlights the development of new cycloisomerization reactions through the activation of alkynes with gold complexes. First Simonneau describes 1,6-enynes and their direct conversion into allenes through 1,5-hydride or ester migration processes. The author and his team used appropriate propargylic functional groups to achieve this conversion. This study shows that O-tethered 1,6-enynes carrying a strained cycloalkane at the propargylic position could undergo a cyclopropanation/ring expansion cascade reaction. The author employed this rearrangement as the starting point in the design of a new macro cycle synthesis. The next part of the thesis focuses on the cycloisomerization of diynes involving as the first step of the process the rearrangement of one alkyne partner into an allene thanks to a gold-catalyzed 1,3-shift of a propargylic ester. The thesis discloses a new cycloisomerization pattern featuring a 1,5-carbonyl transfer, giving rise to unprecedented cross-conjugated diketones. In the final part of the research, Simmoneau investigates the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization mechanism of 1,6-enynes and questions the intermediacy of gold acetylides. By the means of NMR and mass spectrometry analysis, theoretical treatment and solution experiments, it was possible to rule out the involvement of these species in the catalytic cycle. This thesis has led to a number of publications in high-impact journals.

Accidents in industrial installations are random events. Hence they cannot be totally avoided. Only the probability of their occurrence may be reduced and their consequences be mitigated. The book proceeds from hazards caused by materials and process conditions to indicating engineered and organizational measures for achieving the objectives of reduction and mitigation. Qualitative methods for identifying weaknesses of design and increasing safety as well as models for assessing accident consequences are presented. The quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of safety measures is explained. The treatment of uncertainties plays a role there. They stem from the random character of the accident and from lacks of knowledge of some of the phenomena to be addressed. The reader is acquainted with the simulation of accidents, with safety and risk analyses and learns how to judge the potential and limitations of mathematical modelling. Risk analysis is applied amongst others to "functional safety" and the determination of "appropriate distances" between industry and residential areas (land-use planning). This shows how it can be used as a basis for safety-relevant decisions. Numerous worked-out examples and case studies addressing real plants and situations deepen the understanding of the subjects treated and support self-study.

This book presents a systematic thermomechanical theory of drying. The book has an interdisciplinary character and combines the knowledge of Chemical Engineering and Mechanics of Continua. It contents a unified approach to the heat and mass transfer in drying processes as well as a precise analysis of all local drying effects. Methods for the improvement of quality of dried products and optimization of drying processes with respect to the strength of materials and drying time are presented. The book also presents the theory for fully coupled multiphase transport in deformable capillary porous media as well as computer simulations of drying processes. Finally the acoustic emission method is described as an experimental way of identification of material fractures during drying.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering & The Third International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate, held in Qingdao, China in December 2021. The work focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil and gas hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the natural gas hydrate pilot production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.

"Fault-Tolerant Process Control" focuses on the development of general, yet practical, methods for the design of advanced fault-tolerant control systems; these ensure an efficient fault detection and a timely response to enhance fault recovery, prevent faults from propagating or developing into total failures, and reduce the risk of safety hazards. To this end, methods are presented for the design of advanced fault-tolerant control systems for chemical processes which explicitly deal with actuator/controller failures and sensor faults and data losses. Specifically, the book puts forward:

.A framework for detection, isolation and diagnosis of actuator and sensor faults for nonlinear systems;

. Controller reconfiguration and safe-parking-based fault-handling methodologies;

. Integrated-data- and model-based fault-detection and isolation and fault-tolerant control methods;

. Methods for handling sensor faults and data losses; and

. Methods for monitoring the performance of low-level PID loops.

The methodologies proposed employ nonlinear systems analysis, Lyapunov techniques, optimization, statistical methods and hybrid systems theory and are predicated upon the idea of integrating fault-detection, local feedback control, and supervisory control. The applicability and performance of the methods are demonstrated through a number of chemical process examples. "Fault-Tolerant Process Control" is a valuable resource for academic researchers, industrial practitioners as well as graduate students pursuing research in this area."

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. The chapter "Lignin-Based Composite Materials for Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics" is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 License via link.springer.com.