Numerous solvents used in chemical processes have poisonous and unsafe properties that pose significant ecological concerns ranging from atmospheric emissions to the contamination of water effluents. To combat these ecological threats, over the course of the past two decades, the field of green chemistry has grown to develop more natural reaction processes and techniques involving the use of nonconventional solvents to diminish waste solvent production and thus decrease negative impact on the environment. Ionic liquids in particular are more environmentally friendly substitutes to conventional solvents, and as such, have seen more widespread use in the past decade. They have been used in such processes as extraction, separation, purification of organic, inorganic, and bioinorganic compounds, reaction media in biochemical and chemical catalysis, green organic and drug synthesis, among other industrial applications. Thus, in proving themselves a suitable greener media for economic viability in chemical processes, ionic liquids are leading to more sustainable development. This edition explores the application of ionic liquids as a green solvent. It contains a state-of-the-art overview on ionic liquids as green solvents for chemical processes and techniques, as well as some of their useful industrial applications.

This book collates the latest trends and technological advancements in bioremediation, especially for its monitoring and assessment. Divided into 18 chapters, the book summarizes basic concepts of waste management and bioremediation, describes advancements of the existing technologies, and highlights the role of modern instrumentation and analytical methods, for environmental clean-up and sustainability. The chapters cover topics such as the role of microbial fuel cells in waste management, microbial biosensors for real-time monitoring of bioremediation processes, genetically modified microorganisms for bioremediation, application of immobilized enzyme reactors, spectroscopic techniques, and in-silico approaches in bioremediation monitoring and assessment. The book will be advantageous not only to researchers and scholars interested in bioremediation and sustainability but also to professionals and policymakers.

This book presents selected articles from the Algerian Symposium on Renewable Energy and Materials (ASREM-2020) held at Medea, Algeria. It highlights the latest advances in the field of green energies and material technology with specific accentuation on numerical plans and recent methodologies designed to solve engineering problems. It includes mathematical models and experimental measurements to study different problems in renewable energy and materials characterization, with contributions from experts in both academia and industry, and presents a platform to further collaborations in this important area.

This book provides readers with the most current knowledge on hazardous waste management practices. It addresses the rapidly changing advances in waste stream characterization and the discovery of new chemicals - which have led to new hazardous wastes, technological innovation, stringent environmental regulations, changes in transport and dispersion modelling of hazardous pollutants, and new waste management techniques. Hazardous Waste Management: Advances in Chemical and Industrial Waste Treatment and Technologies is an invaluable reference for waste management and treatment professionals, chemical engineers and technicians, medical professionals, and environmental regulators, as well as students taking courses on hazardous waste management, environmental engineering, and environmental science.

Nanotechnology has been established in membrane technology for decades. In this book, comprehensive coverage is given to nanotechnology applications in synthetic membrane processes, which are used in different fields such as water treatment, separation of gases, the food industry, military use, drug delivery, air filtration, and green chemistry. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers are contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective water filtration processes. Gas separation and carbon capture can be significantly improved in flue gas applications. Nanoporous membrane systems engineered to mimic natural filtration systems are being actively developed for use in smart implantable drug delivery systems, bio artificial organs, and other novel nano-enabled medical devices. The microscopic structure of nanoporous ceramic membranes, mainly focusing on zeolite materials, as well as the energy-saving effect of membrane separation, contribute to various chemical synthesis processes. In the food industry, nanotechnology has the potential to create new tools for pathogen detection and packaging. For each application, nanotechnology is mostly used to make composite membranes, and the book provides a detailed look at the mechanisms by which the composite membrane works in each application area.

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive introduction to the technical principles, materials, processes, and equipment of the electron beam wire deposition technology (EBWD), while focusing on the research results of the author's scientific research team engaged in this technology in China. It mainly introduces the conceptual connotation, principle, and characteristics of the EBWD technology, its position and function in the additive manufacturing technology system, the direction and trend of technological development at home and abroad, the fundamentals and application results of the EBWD technology, including technical principles, equipment technology, special materials, manufacturing technology, quality testing, and application practices. So this book can serve as a reference book for teachers, students, and scientific researchers in scientific research institutions who are engaged in relevant studies.

This book is an effort to tether all the exuberant observations on adding nanomaterial in the TPE matrix. With an enhanced processing property along with amplified recyclability and reprocessing feature, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) proves to be one of the most significant polymeric materials till date. As the scientific world evolves, these advanced materials have attuned themselves with various anisotropic nanomaterials to induce an enhanced property effect on the final product. On an additional note, authors have done extensive research on graphene, the most multifaceted element in the filler family keeping TPE and its derivate as the matrix martial. Cogitating the idea of a multidimensional readership, authors have analyzed the synthesis, derivatization, and properties of graphene and its derivatives separately. Apart from reviewing the future prospects and the potential application of these nano-filled advanced materials, they have kept the structure-property relationship of graphene-based composites at the cynosure to provide firm understanding on the blossoming of these elastomeric composites. The authors believe this book is a potential content for both professionals and academicians.

This book discusses financial, managerial and engineering aspects associated with project engineering. The book is a text/reference book on courses related to project engineering for undergraduate students of Chemical Engineering programmes. The author has utilized her decade-long professional experience with reputed project consultancy organizations and her academic experience in writing this book. The background of project engineering is described with special emphasis on its interdisciplinary nature. Project management techniques are discussed with the help of worked-out examples. It includes multiple choice questions and information regarding relevant courses in different institutes. The book is useful for undergraduate degree and diploma students as well as for fresh graduate engineering trainees in various process consulting organizations.

Antoine Simonneau's thesis highlights the development of new cycloisomerization reactions through the activation of alkynes with gold complexes. First Simonneau describes 1,6-enynes and their direct conversion into allenes through 1,5-hydride or ester migration processes. The author and his team used appropriate propargylic functional groups to achieve this conversion. This study shows that O-tethered 1,6-enynes carrying a strained cycloalkane at the propargylic position could undergo a cyclopropanation/ring expansion cascade reaction. The author employed this rearrangement as the starting point in the design of a new macro cycle synthesis. The next part of the thesis focuses on the cycloisomerization of diynes involving as the first step of the process the rearrangement of one alkyne partner into an allene thanks to a gold-catalyzed 1,3-shift of a propargylic ester. The thesis discloses a new cycloisomerization pattern featuring a 1,5-carbonyl transfer, giving rise to unprecedented cross-conjugated diketones. In the final part of the research, Simmoneau investigates the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization mechanism of 1,6-enynes and questions the intermediacy of gold acetylides. By the means of NMR and mass spectrometry analysis, theoretical treatment and solution experiments, it was possible to rule out the involvement of these species in the catalytic cycle. This thesis has led to a number of publications in high-impact journals.

Accidents in industrial installations are random events. Hence they cannot be totally avoided. Only the probability of their occurrence may be reduced and their consequences be mitigated. The book proceeds from hazards caused by materials and process conditions to indicating engineered and organizational measures for achieving the objectives of reduction and mitigation. Qualitative methods for identifying weaknesses of design and increasing safety as well as models for assessing accident consequences are presented. The quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of safety measures is explained. The treatment of uncertainties plays a role there. They stem from the random character of the accident and from lacks of knowledge of some of the phenomena to be addressed. The reader is acquainted with the simulation of accidents, with safety and risk analyses and learns how to judge the potential and limitations of mathematical modelling. Risk analysis is applied amongst others to "functional safety" and the determination of "appropriate distances" between industry and residential areas (land-use planning). This shows how it can be used as a basis for safety-relevant decisions. Numerous worked-out examples and case studies addressing real plants and situations deepen the understanding of the subjects treated and support self-study.

This textbook presents the classical treatment of the problems of heat transfer in an exhaustive manner with due emphasis on understanding of the physics of the problems. This emphasis will be especially visible in the chapters on convective heat transfer. Emphasis is also laid on the solution of steady and unsteady two-dimensional heat conduction problems. Another special feature of the book is a chapter on introduction to design of heat exchangers and their illustrative design problems. A simple and understandable treatment of gaseous radiation has been presented. A special chapter on flat plate solar air heater has been incorporated that covers mathematical modeling of the air heater. The chapter on mass transfer has been written looking specifically at the needs of the students of mechanical engineering. The book includes a large number and variety of solved problems with supporting line diagrams. A number of application-based examples have been incorporated where applicable. The end-of-chapter exercise problems are supplemented with stepwise answers. Though the book has been primarily designed to serve as a complete textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of mechanical engineering, it will also be useful for students of chemical, aerospace, automobile, production, and industrial engineering streams. The book fully covers the topics of heat transfer coursework and can also be used as an excellent reference for students preparing for competitive graduate examinations.

This book presents a systematic thermomechanical theory of drying. The book has an interdisciplinary character and combines the knowledge of Chemical Engineering and Mechanics of Continua. It contents a unified approach to the heat and mass transfer in drying processes as well as a precise analysis of all local drying effects. Methods for the improvement of quality of dried products and optimization of drying processes with respect to the strength of materials and drying time are presented. The book also presents the theory for fully coupled multiphase transport in deformable capillary porous media as well as computer simulations of drying processes. Finally the acoustic emission method is described as an experimental way of identification of material fractures during drying.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering & The Third International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate, held in Qingdao, China in December 2021. The work focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil and gas hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the natural gas hydrate pilot production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.

"Fault-Tolerant Process Control" focuses on the development of general, yet practical, methods for the design of advanced fault-tolerant control systems; these ensure an efficient fault detection and a timely response to enhance fault recovery, prevent faults from propagating or developing into total failures, and reduce the risk of safety hazards. To this end, methods are presented for the design of advanced fault-tolerant control systems for chemical processes which explicitly deal with actuator/controller failures and sensor faults and data losses. Specifically, the book puts forward:

.A framework for detection, isolation and diagnosis of actuator and sensor faults for nonlinear systems;

. Controller reconfiguration and safe-parking-based fault-handling methodologies;

. Integrated-data- and model-based fault-detection and isolation and fault-tolerant control methods;

. Methods for handling sensor faults and data losses; and

. Methods for monitoring the performance of low-level PID loops.

The methodologies proposed employ nonlinear systems analysis, Lyapunov techniques, optimization, statistical methods and hybrid systems theory and are predicated upon the idea of integrating fault-detection, local feedback control, and supervisory control. The applicability and performance of the methods are demonstrated through a number of chemical process examples. "Fault-Tolerant Process Control" is a valuable resource for academic researchers, industrial practitioners as well as graduate students pursuing research in this area."

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. The chapter "Lignin-Based Composite Materials for Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics" is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 License via link.springer.com.

This book presents the fundamentals of the reservoir and interfacial engineering. The book systematically starts with the basics of primary, secondary and tertiary (enhanced) oil recovery and emphasizes on the theory of microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) and its potential toward recovery of oil in place. Different approaches of MEOR such as in-situ, ex-situ, and integration of chemical- and microbial-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are discussed in detail. This book highlights the link between the effectiveness of MEOR and the local reservoir conditions, crude oil characteristics, and indigenous microbial community. The latest implementations of MEOR across the globe are highlighted as case studies to outline the potential as well as the scope of MEOR. Given the topics covered, this book will be useful for professionals and researchers working in the areas of petroleum science and engineering, chemical engineering, biotechnology, bioengineering, and other related fields.

This book offers a comprehensive review of the latest developments, challenges and trends in C1-based (one-carbon based) bioproduction, and it presents an authoritative account of one-carbon compounds as promising alternative microbial feedstocks. The book starts with a perspective on the future of C1 compounds as alternative feedstocks for microbial growth, and their vital role in the establishment of a sustainable circular carbon economy, followed by several chapters in which expert contributors discuss about the recent strategies and address key challenges regarding one or more C1 feedstocks. The book covers topics such as acetogenic production from C1 feedstocks, aerobic carboxydotrophic bacteria potential in industrial biotechnology, bioconversion of methane to value-added compounds, combination of electrochemistry and biology to convert C1 compounds, and bioprocesses based on C1-mixotrophy. Particular attention is given to the current metabolic engineering, systems biology, and synthetic biology strategies applied in this field.

This book presents a theoretical analysis of the modern methods used for modeling various chemical engineering processes. Currently, the two primary problems in the chemical industry are the optimal design of new devices and the optimal control of active processes. Both of these problems are often solved by developing new methods of modeling. These methods for modeling specific processes may be different, but in all cases, they bring the mathematical description closer to the real processes by using appropriate experimental data. In this book, the authors detail a new approach for the modeling of chemical processes in column apparatuses. Further, they describe the types of neural networks that have been shown to be effective in solving important chemical engineering problems. Readers are also presented with mathematical models of integrated bioethanol supply chains (IBSC) that achieve improved economic and environmental sustainability. The integration of energy and mass processes is one of the most powerful tools for creating sustainable and energy efficient production systems. This book defines the main approaches for the thermal integration of periodic processes, direct and indirect, and the recent integration of small-scale solar thermal dryers with phase change materials as energy accumulators. An exciting overview of new approaches for the modeling of chemical engineering processes, this book serves as a guide for the important innovations being made in theoretical chemical engineering.

This book puts forward the concept of the Diameter-Transformed Fluidized Bed (DTFB): a fluidized bed characterized by the coexistence of multiple flow regimes and reaction zones, achieved by transforming the bed into several sections of different diameters. It reviews fundamental aspects, including computational fluid dynamics simulations and industrial practices in connection with DTFB. In particular, it highlights an example concerning the development of maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) reactors for regulating complex, fluid catalytic cracking reactions in petroleum refineries. The book is a must-have for understanding how academic and industrial researchers are now collaborating in order to develop novel catalytic processes.

This book highlights essential aspects of sustainability in the Additive Manufacturing (AM) field in two separate volumes. It demonstrates the details of this technology and examines its implications for sustainability throughout the entire product life cycle, embedded carbon, and future research efforts that will be necessary to move this technology towards sustainable mainstream production. Sustainability is nothing new for any industrial field, and AM is no exception. Accordingly, industrialists and scientists alike are intensively engaged in research to promote sustainability in this important field.

This book reviews the current knowledge on tunable hydrogels, including the range of different materials and applications, as well as the existing challenges and limitations in the field. It covers various aspects of the material design, particularly highlighting biological responsiveness, degradability and responsiveness to external stimuli. In this book, readers will discover original research data and state-of-the-art reviews in the area of hydrogel technology, with a specific focus on biotechnology and medicine. Written by leading experts, the contributions outline strategies for designing tunable hydrogels and offer a detailed evaluation of the physical and synthetic methods currently employed to achieve specific hydrogel properties and responsiveness. This highly informative book provides important theoretical and practical insights for scholars and researchers working with hydrogels for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

This book presents an authoritative review of the most significant findings about all the epigenetic targets (writers, readers, and erasers) and their implication in physiology and pathology. The book also covers the design, synthesis and biological validation of epigenetic chemical modulators, which can be useful as novel chemotherapeutic agents. Particular attention is given to the chemical mechanisms of action of these molecules and to the drug discovery prose which allows their identification. This book will appeal to students who want to know the extensive progresses made by epigenetics (targets and modulators) in the last years from the beginning, and to specialized scientists who need an instrument to quickly search and check historical and/or updated notices about epigenetics.

This book provides a concise treatise on the use of surfactants in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), including information on key types of surfactants and their respective applications in the wider petroleum industry. The authors discuss carbon dioxide EOR, alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding strategies, and the use of surfactants as a means of reducing interfacial tension, while also paying special attention to the challenges involved in using surfactants for enhanced oil recovery, such as the difficult issue of surfactant adsorption on reservoir rock. All chapters highlight and are based on the authors' own laboratory-scale case studies. Given its content, the book offers a valuable asset for graduate students of petroleum and chemical engineering, as well as researchers in the field of chemical enhanced oil recovery. It will also be of interest to professionals involved in enhanced industrial oil recovery.

Phyto-pathogens are one of the dominating components which badly affect crop production. In light of the global food demand, sustainable agricultural plans utilizing agrochemicals became necessary. The role of beneficial microbes in the defense priming of host plants has been well documented. This book details new aspects of microbial-assisted plant protection and their role in agricultural production, economy, and environmental sustainability.

This book contains a selection of research articles written by prominent researchers participating in The 27th World Congress on Engineering (WCE 2019) which was held in London, UK, July 3-5, 2019. Topics covered include engineering mathematics, electrical engineering, communications systems, computer science, chemical engineering, systems engineering, manufacturing engineering, and industrial applications. With contributions carefully chosen to represent the most cutting-edge research presented during the conference, the book contains some of the state of the art in engineering technologies and the physical sciences and their applications and serves as a useful reference for researchers and graduate students working in these fields.