Johannes G. de Vries: Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions.- Gregory T. Whiteker and Christopher J. Cobley: Applications of Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation in the Pharmaceutical, Agrochemical and Fragrance Industries.- Philippe Dupau: Ruthenium-catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation for Flavor and Fragrance Applications.- Hans-Ulrich Blaser, Benoit Pugin and Felix Spindler: Asymmetric Hydrogenation.- Ioannis Houpis: Case Study: Sequential Pd-catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions; Challenges on Scale-up.- Adriano F. Indolese: Pilot Plant Scale Synthesis of an Aryl-Indole - Scale up of a Suzuki Coupling.- Per Ryberg: Development of a Mild and Robust Method for Palladium Catalysed Cyanation on Large Scale.- Cheng-yi Chen: Application of Ring Closing Metathesis Strategy to the Synthesis of Vaniprevir (MK-7009), a 20-Membered Macrocyclic HCV Protease Inhibitor.

The purpose of this book is to provide a balanced introduction to process control and management, aimed at the general process engineer. Rapid changes have occurred in process control over the past decade, mainly because of the deployment of robust and effective digital control equipment, and the development of the models which underpin the area. Historically, process control was seen as simply the maintenance of particular process variables at appropriate setpoints. This very narrow view has been superseded by the view that process control involves the regulation of any given process, in the context of a complete processing plant, to maximise the economic return from the plant. This wider definition brings into play a range of control regimes, from basic regulatory control, through advanced regulatory control, to complex process management. The organization of the book reflects this hierarchy, and is thus split into 3 parts, covering basic regulatory control, advanced process control and finally process management. The book is completed by the inclusion of several useful appendices, covering mathematical modelling, process optimisation and simulation.

Incorporating all recent developments and applications of crystallization technology, this volume offers a clear account of the field's underlying principles, reviews of past and current research, and provides guidelines for equipment and process design. The book takes a balanced functional approach in its critical survey of research literature, and includes several problems based on real practical situations that illustrate theoretical development. Several new concepts and techniques used in process simulation and identification analysis are featured.

Gettering Defects in Semiconductors fulfills three basic purposes:

- to systematize the experience and research in exploiting various gettering techniques in microelectronics and nanoelectronics;

- to identify new directions in research, particularly to enhance the perspective of professionals and young researchers and specialists;

- to fill a gap in the contemporary literature on the underlying semiconductor-material theory.

The authors address not only well-established gettering techniques but also describe contemporary trends in gettering technologies from an international perspective. The types and properties of structural defects in semiconductors, their generating and their transforming mechanisms during fabrication are described. The primary emphasis is placed on classifying and describing specific gettering techniques, their specificity arising from both their position in a general technological process and the regimes of their application. This book addresses both engineers and material scientists interested in semiconducting materials theory and also undergraduate and graduate students in solid-state microelectronics and nanoelectronics. A comprehensive list of references provides readers with direction for further reading.

The idea of editing a book on modern software architectures and tools for CAPE (Computer Aided Process Engineering) came about when the editors of this volume realized that existing titles relating to CAPE did not include references to the design and development of CAPE software.
Scientific software is needed to solve CAPE related problems by industry/academia for research and development, for education and training and much more. There are increasing demands for CAPE software to be versatile, flexible, efficient, and reliable. This means that the role of software architecture is also gaining increasing importance. Software architecture needs to reconcile the objectives of the software; the framework defined by the CAPE methods; the computational algorithms; and the user needs and tools (other software) that help to develop the CAPE software. The object of this book is to bring to the reader, the software side of the story with respect to computer aided process engineering.

Increasing emphasis on safety, productivity and quality control has provided an impetus to research on better methodologies for fault diagnosis, modeling, identification, control and optimization ofchemical process systems. One of the biggest challenges facing the research community is the processing of raw sensordata into meaningful information. Wavelet analysis is an emerging field of mathematics that has provided new tools and algorithms suited for the type of problems encountered in process monitoring and control. The concept emerged in the geophysical field as a result ofthe need for time-frequency analytical techniques. It has since been picked up by mathematicians and recognized as a unifying theory for many ofthe methodologies employed in the past in physics and signal processing. l Meyer states: "Wavelets are without doubt an exciting and intuitive concept. The concept brings with it a new way of thinking, which is absolutely essential and was entirely missing in previously existing algorithms. " The unification ofthe theory from these disciplines has led to applications of wavelet transforms in many areas ofscience and engineering including: * pattern recognition * signal analysis * time-frequency decomposition * process signal characterization and representation * process system modeling and identification * control system design, analysis and implementation * numerical solution ofdifferential equations * matrix manipulation About a year ago, in talking to various colleagues and co-workers, it became clear that a number of chemical engineers were fascinated with this new concept.

Preface - This single-volume compendium fulfills the demand for a compact version of the widely acclaimed Encyclopedia of Surfactants and contains over 12,000 entries. The surfactant products included have been compiled with. the cooperation of the major national and international surfactant manufacturers. The first section of this reference is a Trademark Dictionary that contains short entries for all tradename surfactants that appear in Volumes I-IV of the Encyclopedia plus all the new surfactant products that have become available since the publication of this set. Each tradename entry is followed by a number in brackets which refers to the manufacturer that is listed in Part III of this encyclopedia. What makes this reference unique and especially useful for anyone doing chemical research is the addition of the Chemical Component-to-Tradename Cross Reference section. This provides the user with the capability of finding tradename surfactant products that contain specific chemical compounds. For example, by locating alphabetically the chemical ammonium lauryl sulfate, the user is able to retrieve a list of all the tradename products that contain that chemical. The user can then refer back to the frrst section for detailed descriptions of the specific tradename products listed here. This section also includes the chemical compound synonyms for the surfactant components which are cross referenced in most cases to the alternate chemical names that contain the tradename product listings. Primary chemical component references are made to the CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association) adopted names where possible. For many chemical entries the Chemical Abstract Service Registry Numbers (CAS) are given. This number ensures the unique identification of a chemical regardless of its multiplicity of synonyms. RD (Recognized Disclosure) reference numbers are included in some cases either in addition to the CAS number or because no CAS number has been assigned as yet. The third section presents the names and addresses of the manufacturers of all of the products included in this compendium with their associated tradenames.

Intelligent/smart systems have become common practice in many engineering applications. On the other hand, current low cost standard CMOS technology (and future foreseeable developments) makes available enormous potentialities. The next breakthrough will be the design and development of "smart adaptive systems on silicon" i.e. very power and highly size efficient complete systems (i.e. sensing, computing and "actuating" actions) with intelligence on board on a single silicon die. Smart adaptive systems on silicon will be able to "adapt" autonomously to the changing environment and will be able to implement "intelligent" behaviour and both perceptual and cognitive tasks. At last, they will communicate through wireless channels, they will be battery supplied or remote powered (via inductive coupling) and they will be ubiquitous in our every day life.

Although many books deal with research and engineering topics (i.e. algorithms, technology, implementations, etc.) few of them try to bridge the gap between them and to address the issues related to feasibility, reliability and applications. Smart Adaptive Systems on Silicon, though not exhaustive, tries to fill this gap and to give answers mainly to the feasibility and reliability issues.

Smart Adaptive Systems on Silicon mainly focuses on the analog and mixed mode implementation on silicon because this approach is amenable of achieving impressive energy and size efficiency. Moreover, analog systems can be more easily interfaced with sensing and actuating devices.

This book provides a detailed overview of the plasma fluidized bed. It is an innovative tool and generally combines plasma process with another efficient reactor, fluidized bed, providing an excellent method for particulate processes over conventional technology. The development and designs of typical types of plasma fluidized beds, mainly thermal plasma fluidized beds and non-thermal plasma fluidized beds are discussed. The influencing factors on the performance of plasma fluidized beds are analyzed in detail. The mechanism, i.e. the discharge characteristics, hydrodynamics, heat transfer and mass transfer are analyzed to offer a further insight of plasma fluidized beds. Applications of plasma fluidized beds for different areas, including metallurgy extraction, green energy process, environmental protection and advanced materials are presented. The book is a valuable reference for scientists, engineers and graduate students in chemical engineering and relative fields.

The application of modern methods in numerical mathematics on problems in chemical engineering is essential for designing, analyzing and running chemical processes and even entire plants. Scientific Computing in Chemical Engineering II gives the state of the art from the point of view of numerical mathematicians as well as that of engineers.
The present volume as part of a two-volume edition covers topics such as computer-aided process design, combustion and flame, image processing, optimization, control, and neural networks. The volume is aimed at scientists, practitioners and graduate students in chemical engineering, industrial engineering and numerical mathematics.

Momentum Press is proud to bring to you Chemical Sensors: Simulation and Modeling Volume 4: Optical Sensors, edited by Ghenadii Korotcenkov. This is the fourth of a new multi-volume comprehensive reference work that provides computer simulation and modeling techniques in various fields of chemical sensing and the important applications for chemical sensing such as bulk and surface diffusion, adsorption, surface reactions, sintering, conductivity, mass transport, and interphase interactions. In this fourth volume, you will find background and guidance on: Approaches used for modeling and simulation of various types of optical sensors such as fiber optic, surface plasmon resonance, Fabry-Perot interferometers, transmittance in the midinfrared region, luminescence-based devices, and more Approaches used for design and optimization of optical systems aimed for both remote gas sensing and gas analysis chambers for the nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectral range Multiscale atomistic simulation of hierarchical nanostructured materials for optical chemical sensing Chemical sensors are integral to the automation of myriad industrial processes and everyday monitoring of such activities as public safety, engine performance, medical therapeutics, and many more. This multi-volume reference work covering simulation and modeling will serve as the perfect complement to Momentum Press's 6-volume reference work, Chemical Sensors: Fundamentals of Sensing Materials and Chemical Sensors: Comprehensive Sensor Technologies, which present detailed information related to materials, technologies, construction, and application of various devices for chemical sensing. Each simulation and modeling volume in the present series reviews modeling principles and approaches peculiar to specific groups of materials and devices applied for chemical sensing.

Proceedings of the ISPRA Course Held November 25-29, 1985, Organized in Collaboration with the European Safety and Reliability Association-ESRA

The word cleaning covers a wide range of activities from good housekeeping and janitorial duties to clinical process cleaning applications that form part of our everyday lives, most people are not aware of their existence, and yet without them, many of the services and products we take for granted would not be available. Most chapters include case studies of various cleaning problems together with the solutions offered. Emphasis is placed on the practical aspects of designing, manufacturing and operating cleaning equipment, this includes a detailed examination of traditional cleaning methods, and considers a number of lessor known techniques that have been developed over recent years together with a glimpse of the future trends in the industry In addition to the actual cleaning techniques, the book examines the effect, of increasing international health, safety, training, and environmental legislation together with regulations that control cleaning standards in the pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and drinks manufacturing industries. In this respect, the book is not intended to be a definitive reference book. Legislation and regulations are continually being upgraded, particularly those relating to European Directives. No apologies are given for the fact that the reader will be continually reminded of the need to obtain up to date copies of the various documents referred to, and to secure expert advice on those issues that are crucial in terms of health, safety and hazardous conditions. To assist the reader, useful information sources are listed in the reference section following each chapter. jkljk

Survey of Industrial Chemistry arose from a need for a basic text dealing with industrial chemistry for use in a one semester, three-credit senior level course taught at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. This edition covers all important areas of the chemical industry, yet it is reasonable that it can be covered in 40 hours of lecture. Also an excellent resource and reference for persons working in the chemical and related industries, it has sections on all important technologies used by these industries: a one-step source to answer most questions on practical, applied chemistry. Young scientists and engineers just entering the workforce will find it especially useful as a readily available handbook to prepare them for a type of chemistry quite different than they have seen in their traditional coursework, whether graduate or undergraduate.

Chemical structure and bonding. The scope of the series spans the entire Periodic Table and addresses structure and bonding issues associated with all of the elements. It also focuses attention on new and developing areas of modern structural and theoretical chemistry such as nanostructures, molecular electronics, designed molecular solids, surfaces, metal clusters and supramolecular structures. Physical and spectroscopic techniques used to determine, examine and model structures fall within the purview of Structure and Bonding to the extent that the focus is on the scientific results obtained and not on specialist information concerning the techniques themselves. Issues associated with the development of bonding models and generalizations that illuminate the reactivity pathways and rates of chemical processes are also relevant. The individual volumes in the series are thematic. The goal of each volume is to give the reader, whether at a university or in industry, a comprehensive overview of an area where new insights are emerging that are of interest to a larger scientific audience.

The field of quantum and molecular simulations has experienced strong growth since the time of the early software packages. A recent study, showed a large increase in the number of people publishing papers based on ab initio methods from about 3,000 in 1991 to roughly 20,000 in 2009, with particularly strong growth in East Asia. Looking to the future, the question remains as to how these methods can be further integrated into the R&D value chain, bridging the gap from engineering to manufacturing.

Using successful case studies as a framework, Industrial Applications of Molecular Simulations demonstrates the capability of molecular modeling to tackle problems of industrial relevance. This book presents a wide range of various modeling techniques, including methods based on quantum or classical mechanics, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, etc. It also explores a wide range of materials, from soft materials such as polymeric blends widely used in the chemical industry to hard or inorganic materials such as glasses and alumina.

Features

• Demonstrates how modeling can solve everyday problems for scientists in industry
• Provides a broad overview of theoretical approaches
• Presents a wide range of applications in areas such as materials research, catalysis, pharmaceutical development and electronics
• Emphasizes the relationship between theory and experiments

This Brief describes the influence of the different organic chelating agents on the topography, physical properties and phases of SPPS-deposited spinel ferrite splats. The author describes how by using the SPPS process, the coating is produced directly from a solution precursor and how all physical and chemical reactions such as evaporation, decomposition, crystallization and coating formation occur in a single step. The author details not only the innovative approach to liquid feeding, but also focuses on its effects on the spinel ferrite system. The results of experimentation as well as detailed explanations of the experiments are included.

Industrial gases are inextricably woven into the fabric of modern manufacturing. From the primary extraction of raw materials, through their intermediate processing to manufacture metals, chemicals and ceramics, to the fabrication of sophisticated industrial, consumer and food products, gases are used across the whole spectrum of industry. The isolation, manufature and supply of these gases is a major industry in itself; the 300 million tones of gas used each year generates sales in excess of $20 billion. In terms of tonnage, nitrogen has become the most used industrial gas, finding applications across the whole range of industry. It is still manufactured by liquifying and then distilling air, but as applications develop and demand increases, newer methods of isolation, such as pressure swing absorbtion and membrane seperation will become important. This new book introduces the main industrial gases and the gases industry, it discusses the main technologies for their isolation, seperation, manufacture and handling. In addition, the book contains an overview of the main applications of industrial gases and a brief discussion of new production processes and applications. Chemists, chemical engineers, physicists and technologists involved in the research and development, production or utilisation of industrial gases will find this concise book an essential and accessable reference source. For advanced students of these disciplines, the book provides a fascinating overview of this important industry.

The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field.

The book about homogeneous catalysis with metal complexes deals with the description of the reductive-oxidative, metal complexes in a liquid phase (in polar solvents, mainly in water, and less in nonpolar solvents). The exceptional importance of the redox processes in chemical systems, in the reactions occuring in living organisms, the environmental processes, atmosphere, water, soil, and in industrial technologies (especially in food-processing industries) is discussed. The detailed practical aspects of the established regularities are explained for solving the specific practical tasks in various fields of industrial chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, analytical chemistry and ecological chemistry. The main scope of the book is the survey and systematization of the latest advances in homogeneous catalysis with metal complexes. It gives an overview of the research results and practical experience accumulated by the author during the last decade.

My 12-year-old granddaughter Nina Alesi once asked me, "Grandpa, you are a scientist at IBM, so what do you do?" I tried to reply, "Oh, I watch atoms move. . . " But before I could finish this sentence, my 7-year-old grandson Vinnie interjected, "Grandpa, do atoms play soccer?" This book is about the games atoms play in diffusion and various other properties of materials. While diffusion has been studied for more than 100 years in solids, its importance, excitement, and intellectual chal lenges remain undiminished with time. It is central to understanding the relationship between the structure and properties of naturally occurring and synthetic materials, which is at the root of current technological development and innovations. The diversity of material has led to spec tacular progress in functional inorganics, polymers, granular materials, photonics, complex oxides, metallic glasses, quasi-crystals, and strongly correlated electronic materials. The integrity of complex materials pack ages is determined by diffusion, a highly interactive and synergic phe nomenon that interrelates to the microstructure, the microchemistry, and the superimposed physical fields. While the various physico-chemical properties of the materials are affected by diffusion, they determine diffu sion itself. This book, which is intended to document the diffusive processes operative in advanced technological materials, has been written by pio neers in industry and academia."

Molecular structure is the most basic information about a substance, determining most of its properties. Determination of accurate structures is hampered in that every method applies its own definition of "structure" and thus results from different sources can yield significantly different results. Sophisticated protocols exist to account for these differences, but until now, no textbook has been written to discuss such topics in a widely accessible manner. Balancing quantum theory with practical experiments, Equilibrium Molecular Structures focuses on the theory involved in determining and converting measured and computed data sets into accurate and well-defined equilibrium structures. This textbook begins with a discussion of quantum chemistry and the concept of potential energy surfaces, quantum chemical computation of structures and anharmonic force fields. The reader is next introduced to the method of least squares and the problem of ill-conditioning, leverage points, perturbation theory, computational aspects of determining semi-experimental equilibrium structures, the determination of moments of inertia from spectra, and the treatment of resonances. The textbook also examines the determination of diatomic molecular potentials using semiclassical and quantum mechanical methods as well as position and distance averages. From basic elements to the latest advances and current best practices, Equilibrium Molecular Structures contains abundant references, examples, and exercises. Additional examples are also available as downloadable support material on the publishers website. These features make the book ideal for class instruction but also user-friendly for self-instruction. It is recommended for newcomers to the field and also for experienced spectroscopists who want to expand their area of knowledge.

Success in meeting the challenge to produce the commercial products anticipated by the exploitation of biological processes depends upon provid ing effective separation protocols. Effectiveness can be measured in terms of selectivity, purity, resolution and validatory success. The major processing problems are associated with either the selective recovery of molecules which are present in low concentrations from complex mixtures or the selective removal of contaminants from the desired molecule. Central to the evolution of processes satisfying this demand are the regulatory requirements being imposed by governments on the purity of a product, especially in the health care market. Synthetic organic chemists are increasingly finding it advantageous to conduct one or more steps using either enzymic biotransformations where molecules with a single and consistent stereochemistry or chirality are required. The underlying princi ples behind the methods, techniques and processes currently being used and developed commercially rely upon the biospecific nature and properties of the desired molecule. When these factors are married to the more traditional techniques of precipitation, chromatography, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes, powerful tools emerge, allowing highly selective separations to be designed. The logical extension of these combinations is to apply genetic engineering techniques to influence the separations at a more fundamental and structural level by modifying the target protein at source, during its synthesis, to facilitate its separation in a given, selective manner, leading to the distinct possibility of producing 'designer' separation programmes."

Methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are increasingly applied in engineering sciences. The book summarizes research in the field of chemical and process engineering performed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Fundamentals of the methods are exposed for readers with an engineering background. Applications cover the fields of mechanical process engineering (filtration, solid-liquid separation, powder mixing, rheometry), chemical process engineering (trickle-bed reactor, ceramic sponges), bioprocess engineering (biofilm growth), and food process engineering (microwave heating, emulsions). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as well as low-field NMR are covered with notes on hardware. Emphasis is placed on quantitative data analysis and image processing.

During the past decade supercritical fluid extration (SFE) has attracted considerable attention as a sample preparation procedure in analytical chemistry. The successful implementation of this technique can lead to improved sample throughput, more efficient recovery of analytes, cleaner extracts, economic replacement of halogenated solvents and a high level of automation, compared to conventional sample preparation procedures. This book provides an overview of basic principles of SFE as well as in-depth reviews of both on- and off-line SFE methods. The on-line coupling of SFE with both chromatographic and spectroscopics techniques has been the subject of a great deal of research effort and is dealt with in detail. Newer developments, such as off-line SFE of solid and liquid matrices, are starting to attract a great deal of interest, and the coverage of these areas will prove of particular value to the analytical chemist. The international team of authors has illustrated these topics with many state-of-the-art' applications, and each chapter provides a comprehensive list of references. For the convenience of the reader, an appendix which contains pressure conversion scales and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide density tables appears at the end of the book. The volume's extensive coverage of both on-line and off-line extraction will be particularly useful to analytical chemists, in a wide range of environments, seeking to develop high quality, simple and robust SFE methods.