This unique thesis discusses the development of conceptually novel and synthetically valuable methods that use visible light photocatalysis. Each chapter addresses a different topic in the emerging field of photocatalysis, which has become an indispensable tool for organic synthesis. Photocatalysis employs environmentally harmless and abundant visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer, and as such offers an attractive alternative to harmful UV light in photo-mediated reactions. This book introduces the novel concept of merging gold catalysis with visible light photocatalysis in a dual catalytic fashion, which demonstrates their compatibility with each other for first time and has inspired the development of various reactions. Moreover, a novel trifluoromethylation method, which combines radical addition chemistry with a polar rearrangement to synthesize valuable fluorinated compounds, is presented, since compounds featuring fluorinated functionality are the subject of increasing attention in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and material research. It also develops an external photocatalyst-free photochemical method for the synthesis of valuable indolizine heterocycles, where the product mediates its own formation. Lastly, it describes the synthesis and characterization of two novel highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The comprehensive text is rounded out with illustrations and color figures.

Evolving technologies in mass production have led to the development of advanced techniques in the field of manufacturing. These technologies can quickly and effectively respond to various market changes, necessitating processes that focus on small batches of multiple products rather than large, single-product lines. Formal Methods in Manufacturing Systems: Recent Advances explores this shifting paradigm through an investigation of contemporary manufacturing techniques and formal methodologies that strive to solve a variety of issues arising from a market environment that increasingly favors flexible systems over traditional ones. This book will be of particular use to industrial engineers and students of the field who require a detailed understanding of current trends and developments in manufacturing tools. This book is part of the Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering series collection.

Written by one of the most prolific and well-respected chemical engineers in the industry, this is the most comprehensive and thorough volume ever written on the thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons and chemicals. This volume covers the spectrum, including chapters on the heat capacity and entropy of gas, solids and liquids, the entropy of formation, and many other topics. The design of heat exchangers and other equipment for heating or cooling substances to temperatures necessary in process applications requires knowledge of heat capacity, covered in the first portion of the book. The heat effects of chemical reactions are ascertained from enthalpy of formation. Other chapters cover the Helmholtz energy of formation and internal energy of formation, which is useful in modeling and ascertaining the energy of explosions. This coverage greatly exceeds the coverage of any other book and makes "The Yaws Handbook of Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrocarbons and Chemicals" a must-have for anyone working in the fields of chemical engineering, process engineering, refining and chemistry.

Industrial Applications of Batteries looks at both the applications and the batteries and covers the relevant scientific and technological features. Presenting large batteries for stationary applications, e.g. energy storage, and also batteries for hybrid vehicles or different tools. The important aerospace field is covered both in connection with satellites and space missions. Examples of applications include, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, systems for safety/alarms, car accessories, toll collection, asset tracking systems, medical equipment, and oil drilling.
The first chapter on applications deals with electric and hybrid vehicles. Four chapters are devoted to stationary applications, i.e. energy storage (from the electric grid or solar/wind energy), load levelling, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, back-up for safety/alarms. Battery management by intelligent systems and prediction of battery life are dealt with in a dedicated chapter. The topic of used battery collection and recycling, with the description of specific treatments for the different systems, is also extensively treated in view of its environmental relevance. Finally, the world market of these batteries is presented, with detailed figures for the various applications.
* Updated and full overview of the power sources for industries
* Written by leading scientists in their fields
* Well balanced in terms of scientific and technical information

This book covers all major areas of operation, pollution control, safety, modernization, diversification, and resource management for cost control in the industrial production of chemicals. The author details the importance of obtaining the right type of raw materials and equipment for maximum plant efficiency and discusses revival of plants that have been idle for long periods. He also presents important issues concerning product quality, energy recovery, safety, pollution control and improving profitability by proper management of resources. The book is ideal for shop floor engineers, middle level management, and owners of small- and medium-scale facilities in many countries as it serves as a guide for keeping the plant operations running in adverse situations, for reducing energy consumption; improving profitability, resource allocation, and workforce planning.

As the availability of fossils fuels becomes more limited, the negative impact of their consumption becomes an increasingly relevant factor in our choices with regards to primary energy sources. The exponentially increasing demand for energy is reflected in the mass generation of by-products and waste flows which characterize current society's development and use of fossil sources. The potential for recoverable material and energy in these ever-increasing refuse flows is huge, even after the separation of hazardous constituent elements, allowing safe and sustainable further exploitation of an otherwise 'wasted' resource. Fuel Cells in the Waste-to-Energy Chain explores the concept of waste-to-energy through a 5 step process which reflects the stages during the transformation of refuse flows to a valuable commodity such as clean energy. By providing selected, integrated alternatives to the current centralized, wasteful, fossil-fuel based infrastructure, Fuel Cells in the Waste-to-Energy Chain explores how the concept of waste-to-energy can be constructed and developed into a realistic solution. The entire spectrum of current and future energy problems is illuminated through the explanation of the operational, integration and marketing implications of high efficiency technological solutions using the real context of developed regions such as Europe. Up-to-date reviews are provided on the status of technology and demonstration, implementation and marketing perspectives. The detailed technological information and insight gathered from over twenty years of experience in the field makes Fuel Cells in the Waste-to-Energy Chain a valuable resource for all engineers and researchers in the fields of energy supply systems and waste conversion, as well as providing a key reference for discussions by policy makers, marketing experts and industry developers working in energy supply and waste management.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most versatile and widely used polymers, with applications as diverse as doors and window frames, flooring, piping, electric wire insulation, toys, food packaging and car interiors.

In this book, George Wypych has brought together in one place the core data and reference information needed by PVC manufacturers, processors, and users:

Polymer properties and data for material selection

Reference data on the 23 groups of additives are used in PVC processing to improve its properties and obtain the set of product characteristics required by the end-user.

A comprehensive collection of 500 formulations compiled from recent patents, journal articles, and information from suppliers. A broad selection of formulations is used in each category to determine the essential components of formulations used in a particular method of processing, the most important parameters of successful products, troubleshooting information, and suggestions of further sources of information on the method of processing.

Data on PVC and its products: general data and nomenclature, chemical composition and properties, physical properties, mechanical properties, health and safety, environmental information, use and application information.
A comprehensive and data-rich guide to PVC and its additives

Essential reference data for scientists and engineers involved in the design and production of PVC products, and their applications across a range of sectors such as construction and packaging

Includes over 500 formulations: a unique data set

This book provides a comprehensive overview on mechanochemistry including its history, high-energy ball milling process, equipment used and fundamentals behind the observed scientific phenomena. It also shows that mechanochemistry is highly applicable in the field of waste treatment. The text reviews 1017 studies utilizing mostly high-energy ball milling for the treatment of various types of consumer, technogenic and agricultural waste. The text is divided into chapters based on individual waste types. The book presents an Appendix compiling all studies arranged according to the application that the recycled waste is meant for. In this way, readers from both academia and companies interested either in the treatment of a particular waste, or particular application might easily locate sections of interest.

The 5th volume of Green Chemical Processing considers sustainable chemistry in the context of governmental and corporate interests, explaining how "red tape" can help or hinder the "greening" of industry processes. The American Chemical Society's 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are woven throughout this text as well as the series to which this book belongs.

I: Perfumery as An Art.- 1: The Art of Perfumery.- II: Perfumery as A Topic in Life Sciences.- 2: Odours and Perfumes as a System of Signs.- 3: Semiochemicals: Mevalogenins in Systems of Chemical Communication.- 4: Origin of Natural Odorants.- 5: A Consideration of Some Psychological and Physiological Mechanisms of Odor Perception.- III: Trapping and Measuring of Odours.- 6: The Measuring of Odors.- 7: Trapping, Investigation and Reconstitution of Flower Scents.- IV: Classification of Odours.- 8: Empirical Classification of Odours.- 9: Chemical Classification and Structure-Odour Relationships.- V: Compository Techniques and Application Segments.- 10: Creative Perfumery: Composition Techniques.- 11: Support Materials for Odorant Mixtures.- 12: Perfumery Applications: Functional Products.- 13: The Impact of Market Research.- VI: Production of Perfumes.- 14: The Chemistry of Synthetic Raw Materials Production.- 15: Compounding.- 16: The Toxicology and Safety of Fragrances.- 17: The Fragrance Industry in a Changing World.- VII: Topics in Perfumery Research.- 18: Receptors: Current Status and Future Directions.- 19: Natural Products.- 20: Synthetic Products.- Outlook.- List of Contributors.

The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics in pure and applied organometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. The individual volumes of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are thematic. Review articles are generally invited by the volume editors.

In recent years the use of liquid—liquid extraction equipment has attracted widespread interest from all major chemical engineering, petroleum and pharmaceutical companies as well as university-based scientists and engineers. Liquid—Liquid Extraction Equipment presents :

• a critical analysis of all available information, including practical recommendations
• new ideas on performance enhancement and equipment selection
• an up-to-date review of research results on equipment performance
• illustrations of present understanding using well-known equipment
• a concise survey of past, present and forthcoming procedures

The Role of Metals and Ligands in Organic Hydroformylation, by Luca Gonsalvi, Antonella Guerriero, Eric Monflier, Frederic Hapiot, Maurizio Peruzzini.

Hydroformylation in Aqueous Biphasic Media Assisted by Molecular Receptors, by Frederic Hapiot, Herve Bricout, Sebastien Tilloy, Eric Monflier.

Asymmetric Hydroformylation, by Bernabe F. Perandones, Cyril Godard, Carmen Claver.

Domino Reactions Triggered by Hydroformylation, by Elena Petricci, Elena Cini.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation in Fused Azapolycycles Synthesis, by Roberta Settambolo.

Hydroformylation in Natural Product Synthesis, by Roderick W. Bates, Sivarajan Kasinathan."

This book is written for scientists involved in the calibration of viscometers. A detailed description for stepping up procedures to establish the viscosity scale and obtaining sets of master viscometers is given in the book. Uncertainty considerations for standard oils of known viscosity are presented. The modern viscometers based on principles oftuning fork, ultrasonic, PZT, plate waves, Love waves, micro-cantilever and vibration of optical fiber are discussed to inspire the reader to further research and to generate improved versions. The primary standard for viscosity is pure water. Measurements of its viscosity with accuracy/uncertainty achieved are described. The principles of rotational and oscillation viscometers are explained to enhance the knowledge in calibration work. Devices used for specific materials and viscosity in non SI units are discussed with respect to the need to correlate viscosity values obtained by various devices. The description of commercial viscometers meets the needs of the user."

Nanofiltration processes are finding wide applications in several 'wet' industries, such as water/wastewater treatment, water re-use, textile industry, diary industry, food industry and the pulp and paper industries. Despite this, no definitive book exists which covers the principles of the techniques and their potential and actual applications.
' Nanofiltration: Principles and Applications ' is edited by three well-known specialists from Australia, and contains chapters from top international authorities. The result is a comprehensive and up to date account which will be essential reading for membrane designers, manufacturers and end-users worldwide.
*Hot industrial topic
*Best Australian Editors and international contributors
*The only book on the topic

This book highlights the sustainability aspects of additive manufacturing (AM) in two separate volumes. It describes the details of this technology and its implications on the entire product life cycle sustainability, as well as embedded carbon and the further research needed to move this technology towards sustainable, mainstream production. Sustainability is not new for any area of industry, including additive manufacturing, and there are currently a number of ongoing research projects, both in industry and in academic institutions, that are investigating sustainability, embedded carbon and research activities which would need to be done in the future to move this technology towards sustainable mainstream production.

Weingart's classic book on fireworks covering the author's work and experiments from 1890-1935. In case laminate hardback edition.

This key reference will serve as the most comprehensive source for identifying and locating products in the international chemical marketplace. It has been written for the chemists, materials sientists, end-product formulators, industrial application specialists and scientists working in associated fields.

Integral processes with dead time are frequently encountered in the process industry; typical examples include supply chains, level control and batch distillation columns. Special attention must be paid to their control because they lack asymptotic stability (they are not self-regulating) and because of their delays. As a result, many techniques have been devised to cope with these hurdles both in the context of single-degree-of-freedom (proportional-integral-differential (PID)) and two-degree-of-freedom control schemes.

Control of Integral Processes with Dead Time provides a unified and coherent review of the various approaches devised for the control of integral processes, addressing the problem from different standpoints. In particular, the book treats the following topics:

how to tune a PID controller and assess its performance;

how to design a two-degree-of-freedom control scheme in order to deal with both the set-point following and load disturbance rejection tasks;

how to modify the basic Smith predictor control scheme in order to cope with the presence of an integrator in the process; and

how to address the presence of large process dead times.

The methods are presented sequentially, highlighting the evolution of their rationale and implementation and thus clearly characterising them from both academic and industrial perspectives. Control of Integral Processes with Dead Time will serve academic researchers in systems with dead time both as a reference and stimulus for new ideas for further work and will help industry-based control and process engineers to solve their control problems using the most suitable technique and achieving the best cost: benefit ratio."

Historically batch control systems were designed individually to match a specific arrangement of plant equipment. They lacked the ability to convert to new products without having to modify the control systems, and did not lend themselves to integration with manufacturing management systems.
Practical Batch Management Systems explains how to utilize the building blocks and arrange the structures of modern batch management systems to produce flexible schemes suitable for automated batch management, with the capability to be reconfigured to use the same plant equipment in different combinations.
It introduces current best practice in the automation of batch processes, including the drive for integration with MES (Manufacturing Execution System) and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) products from major IT vendors. References and examples are drawn from DCS / PLC batch control products currently on the market.
- Implement modern batch management systems that are flexible and easily reconfigured
- Integrate batch management with other manufacturing systems including MES and ERP
- Increase productivity through industry best practice

Microdroplet technology has recently emerged to provide new and diverse applications via microfluidic functionality, especially in various areas of biology and chemistry. This book, then, gives an overview of the principle components and wide-ranging applications for state-of-the-art of droplet-basedmicrofluidics. Chapter authors are internationally-leading researchers from chemistry, biology, physics and engineering that present various key aspects of micrdroplet technology -- fundamental flow physics, methodology and components for flow control, applications in biology and chemistry, and a discussion of future perspectives. This book acts as a reference for academics, post-graduate students, and researcher wishing to deepen their understand of microfluidics and introduce optimal design and operation of new droplet-based microfluidic devices for more comprehensive analyte assessments."

Research for the development of more efficient photocatalysts has experienced an almost exponential growth since its popularization in early 1970 s. Despite the advantages of the widely used TiO2, the yield of the conversion of sun power into chemical energy that can be achieved with this material is limited" "prompting the research and development of a number of structural, morphological and chemical modifications of TiO2, as well as a number of novel photocatalysts with very different composition." Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications" provides a systematic account of the current understanding of the relationships between the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and photoactivity.

The already long list of photocatalysts phases and their modifications is increasing day by day. By approaching this field from a material sciences angle, an integrated view allows readers to consider the diversity of photocatalysts globally and in connection with other technologies. "Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications" provides a valuable road-map, outlining the common principles lying behind the diversity of materials, but also delimiting the imprecise border between the contrasted results and the most speculative studies. This broad approach makes it ideal for specialist but also for engineers, researchers and students in related fields.

Because we are living in an era of Green Science and Technology, developments in the field of bio- and nano- polymer composite materials for advanced structural and medical applications is a rapidly emerging area and the subject of scientific attention. In light of the continuously deteriorating environmental conditions, researchers all over the world have focused an enormous amount of scientific research towards bio-based materials because of their cost effectiveness, eco-friendliness and renewability. This handbook deals with cellulose fibers and nano-fibers and covers the latest advances in bio- and nano- polymer composite materials. This rapidly expanding field is generating many exciting new materials with novel properties and promises to yield advanced applications in diverse fields. This book reviews vital issues and topics and will be of interest to academicians, research scholars, polymer engineers and researchers in industries working in the subject area. It will also be a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students at institutes of plastic engineering and other technical institutes.

This book gives an overview of the most recent advances in emulsion science, from the preparation to the destruction of these materials. This book is intended for a large audience, from undergraduate students to senior scientists. A progressive and didactic approach is proposed for that purpose. The concepts presented should provide a useful guidance for formulating and controlling the lifetime of emulsion at laboratory and industrial scales. For easy comprehension, the text is illustrated by more than 70 figures.

This book is a new edition of the one published in the series "Springer Tracts in Modern Physics (vol. 181)." The main difference is a more didactic approach which will allow the non-specialist reader to capture the essential concepts. We shall also incorporate the very last research results (solid-stabilized emulsions, metastability) and novel applications (Biotechnology).