The author is ready to assert that practically none of the readers of this book will ever happen to deal with large doses of radiation. But the author, without a shadow of a doubt, claims that any readers of this book, regardless of gender, age, financial situation, type of professional activity, and habits, are actually exposed to low doses of radiation throughout their life. This book is devoted to the effect of small doses on the body. To understand the basic effects of radiation on humans, the book contains the necessary information from an atomic, molecular and nuclear physics, as well as from biochemistry and biology. Special attention is paid to the issues that are either not considered or discussed very briefly in existing literature. Examples include the ionization of inner atomic shells that play an essential role in radiological processes, and the questions of transformation of the energy of ionizing radiation in matter. The benefits of ionizing radiation to mankind is reflected in a wide range of radiation technologies used in science, industry, agriculture, culture, art, forensics, and, what is the most important application, medicine. Radiation: Fundamentals, Applications, Risks and Safety provides information on the use of radiation in modern life, its usefulness and indispensability. Experiments on the effects of small doses on bacteria, fungi, algae, insects, plants and animals are described. Human medical experiments are inhuman and ethically flawed. However, during the familiarity of mankind with ionizing radiation, a large number of population groups were subject to accumulation, exposed to radiation at doses of small but exceeding the natural background radiation. This book analyzes existing, real-life radiation results from survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Chernobyl and Fukushima, and examines studies of radiation effect on patients, radiologists, crews of long-distant flights and astronauts, on miners of uranium copies, on workers of nuclear industry and on militaries, exposed to ionizing radiation on a professional basis, and on the population of the various countries receiving environmental exposure. The author hopes that this book can mitigate the impact of radiation phobia, which prevails in the public consciousness over the last half century.

Biobased Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Second Edition, covers biosurfactant synthesis and applications and demonstrates how to reduce manufacturing and purification costs, impurities, and by-products. Fully updated, this book covers surfactants in biomedical applications, detergents, personal care, food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nanotechnology. It reflects on the latest developments in biobased surfactant science and provides case scenarios to guide readers in efficient and effective biobased surfactant application, along with strategies for research into new applications. This book is written from a biorefinery-based perspective by an international team of experts and acts as a key text for researchers and practitioners involved in the synthesis, utilization, and development of biobased surfactants.

Biomass, Biofuels and Biochemicals: Biofuels from Algae, Second Edition provides information on strategies for commercial microalgae based biofuel production, including their cultivation, pre-treatment and conversion methods. The book discusses methods for producing microalgal biomass in large scale by outdoor culturing and outlines new technologies for their use. In addition, it explains how modern genetic engineering enables the generation of recombinant strains that generate higher quantities of feedstock. The complete utilization of microalgal biomass, which can also be obtained from valorizing nutrients from wastewater and industrial exhaust gases, can be efficiently converted to energy rich biofuels and high value pharmaceuticals in a well-defined biorefinery.

Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels presents several optimization models for the design and planning of sustainable biorefinery supply chains, including issues surrounding the potential of biomass feedstocks in multiple harvesting sites, availability and seasonality of biomass resources, different potential geographical locations for processing plants that produce multiple products using diverse production technologies, economies of scale for production technologies, demands and prices of multiple products, locations of storage facilities, and a number of transportation modes. Sustainability considerations are incorporated into the proposed models by including simultaneous economic, environmental and social performance in the evaluation of the supply chain designs.

For over thirty years, the Surface Production Operations Series has taken the guess work out of the design, selection, installation, operation, testing, and troubleshooting of surface production equipment. The fourth volume in this series, Pumps and Compressors is directed to both entry-level personnel and practicing professionals looking for an up-to-date reference book on managing, evaluating, sizing, selecting, installing, operating and maintaining pump and compressor systems. Packed with examples drawn from years of design and field experience, this reference features many charts, tables, equations, diagrams, and photographs to illustrate the basic applications including pump hydraulics, centrifugal and reciprocating compressor applications, compressor performance maps, pump performance curves, pump and compressor testing and installation, and many more critical topics. Packed with practical solutions Surface Production Operations: Pumps and Compressors delivers an essential design and specification reference for today's engineers.

Membrane Separation Principles and Applications: From Material Selection to Mechanisms and Industrial Uses, the latest volume in the Handbooks in Separation Science series, is the first single resource to explore all aspects of this rapidly growing area of study. Membrane technology is now accepted as one of the most effective tools for separation and purification, primarily due to its simple operation. The result has been a proliferation of studies on this topic; however, the relationships between fundamental knowledge and applications are rarely discussed. This book acts as a guideline for those who are interested in exploring membranes at a more progressive level. Covering methods of pressure driving force, partial pressure driving force, concentration driving force, electrical potential driving force, hybrid processes, and more, this volume is more complete than any other known resource on membrane separations.

Sorption Enhancement of Chemical Processes, Volume 51 compiles the latest, state-of-the-art progress in the area of sorption enhanced processes. Topics in this updated volume include Sorption-enhanced water-gas-shift and steam methane reforming, CO2 sorbents for sorption enhanced steam reforming, Reactor design for Sorption Enhanced Reforming using Ca-Cu chemical loops, Sorption-enhanced reaction with Simulated Moving Bed reactor (SMBR) and PermSMBR technologies, and the Process design and Technoeconomic assessment of sorption enhanced systems. This series contains contributions from leading scientists on the topics presented, providing tactics on a multiscaling approach, from materials, to reactor, to process design.

This exciting book details all aspects of a major class of pyrolants and elucidates the progress that has been made in the field, covering both the chemistry and applications of these coompounds.Written by a pre-eminent authority on the subject from the NATO Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC), it begins with a historical overview of the development of these materials, followed by a thorough discussion of their ignition, combustion and radiative properties. The next section explores the multiple facets of their military and civilian applications, as well as industrial synthetic techniques. The critical importance of the associated hazards, namely sensitivity, stability and aging, are discussed in detail, and the book is rounded off by an examination of the future of this vital and expanding field.The result is a complete guide to the chemistry, manufacture, applications and required safety precautions of pyrolants for both the military and chemical industries.From the preface:

.".". This book fills a void in the collection of pyrotechnic literature... it will make an excellent reference book that all researchers of pyrolants and energetics must have...""" -"Dr. Bernard E. Douda, Dr. Sara Pliskin, NAVSEA Crane, IN, USAInterview on ChemistryViews:

Find out what the author, Dr. Ernst-Christian Koch, has to say about the fascination of fireworks, society's need for explosives, and the future of the field which includes energetic ionic liquids. Read on...

Plant Hazard Analysis and Safety Instrumentation Systems is the first book to combine coverage of these two integral aspects of running a chemical processing plant. It helps engineers from various disciplines learn how various analysis techniques, international standards, and instrumentation and controls provide layers of protection for basic process control systems, and how, as a result, overall system reliability, availability, dependability, and maintainability can be increased. This step-by-step guide takes readers through the development of safety instrumented systems, also including discussions on cost impact, basics of statistics, and reliability. Swapan Basu brings more than 35 years of industrial experience to this book, using practical examples to demonstrate concepts. Basu links between the SIS requirements and process hazard analysis in order to complete SIS lifecycle implementation and covers safety analysis and realization in control systems, with up-to-date descriptions of modern concepts, such as SIL, SIS, and Fault Tolerance to name a few. In addition, the book addresses security issues that are particularly important for the programmable systems in modern plants, and discusses, at length, hazardous atmospheres and their impact on electrical enclosures and the use of IS circuits.

Heat Transfer in the Chemical, Food and Pharmaceutical Industries, a new volume in the Industrial Equipment for Chemical Engineering set, includes thirteen independent volumes on how to perform the selection and calculation of equipment involved in the thirteen basic operations of process engineering, offering readers reliable and simple, easy to follow methods. Throughout these concise and easy-to-use books, the author uses his vast practical experience and precise knowledge of global research to present an in-depth study of a variety of aspects within the field of chemical engineering.

Adsorption-Dryers for Divided Solids, part of the Industrial Equipment for Chemical Engineering set, provides practical applications and precise knowledge on global research, presenting an in-depth study of a variety of aspects within the field of chemical engineering. This volume discusses the principle of adsorption of gaseous impurities, practical data on adsorption, ion exchange and chromatography, the theory of drying, and the theory of imbibition. The author also provides methods needed for understanding the equipment used in applied thermodynamics in the hope of encouraging students and engineers to build their own programs. Chapters are complemented with appendices which provide additional information and associated references.

This book presents the basic knowledge and fundamental concepts that are needed by engineers dealing with particles and powders. The book provides a comprehensive reference and introduction to the topic, ranging from single particle characterization to bulk powder properties to complex multiphase gas-solid-liquid systems. The book has an emphasis on quantitative explanation and theoretical concepts, supported throughout by cased studies of practical applications. The book is structured into four parts. Part I presents basic information on single particle properties and their interaction with solids and gas/liquids. Theoretical models and quantitative concepts related to single particle are stressed in this section. Part II covers the fundamental characteristics of bulk solids (powders), and builds an understanding of density, surface area, porosity, flow and mechanics. Part III discusses the principles of multiphase systems, including fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Part IV focuses on advanced numerical methods and measurement techniques for particle engineering. The book will be suitable for postgraduate students and professional engineers in chemical engineering, food engineering, materials science, pharmaceutical science, agricultural engineering and mining engineering. It will also serve as a reference for practitioners responsible for the bulk handling of particulate materials
Four section provide readers with coverage of core particle topics: particle mechanics & characterization; characterization & mechanics of bulk solids; multiphase particle engineering; and advanced particle engineering

Practical focus is supported by worked examples, case studies and applied topics.

Enables engineers to build their knowledge and skills to understand and work with particulate systems

This annual review of the literature provides a comprehensive and critical survey of a vast field of study involving organophosphorus compounds, ranging from phosphines, their chalcogenide derivatives and phosphonium salts, phosphorus (III) acid derivatives, phosphorus (V) acids, penta- and hexa-coordinated phosphorus compounds, phosphazenes and related phosphorus-nitrogen bonded compounds. Coverage in applications as reagents in green synthetic procedures is also given. With an emphasis on interdisciplinary content, this book will appeal to the worldwide organic chemistry and engineering research communities.

Filters are used in most industries, especially the water, sewage, oil, gas, food and beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. The new edition of this established title is an all-encompassing practical account of standard filtration equipment and its applications. Completely revised and rewritten, it is an essential book for the engineer working in a plant situation-who requires guidance and information on what s available and whether it s suitable for the job. Co-published with the Institution of Chemical Engineers.
"Co-published with the Institution of Chemical Engineers."
*The leading practical engineering guide to filtration techniques, systems and their applications
*Meets the needs of all key sectors where filtration is a critical process, including chemical processing and manufacture, food, oil and gas, air-conditioning and water
*A comprehensive sourcebook and reference for plant engineers, process engineers, plant designers, filter media and filtration specialists and equipment specifiers"

Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, outlines the principles of biochemical processes and explains their use in the manufacturing of every day products. The author uses a diirect approach that should be very useful for students in following the concepts and practical applications. This book is unique in having many solved problems, case studies, examples and demonstrations of detailed experiments, with simple design equations and required calculations.

Vapour permeation and membrane distillation are two emerging membrane technologies for the production of vapour as permeate, which, in addition to well-established pervaporation technology, are of increasing interest to academia and industry. As efficient separation and concentration processes, they have high potential for use in the energy, water, chemical, food and pharmaceutical sectors. Part One begins by covering the fundamentals, preparation and characterization of pervaporation, before going on to outline the associated systems and applications. State of the art uses, future trends and next generation pervaporation are then discussed. Part Two then explores the preparation, characterization, systems and applications of membranes for vapour permeation, followed by modelling and the new generation of vapour permeation membranes. Finally, Part Three outlines the fundamentals of membrane distillation and its applications in integrated systems, before the book concludes with a view of the next generation.